Pajanan Debu Batubara dan Gangguan Pernafasan pada Pekerja Lapangan Tambang Batubara

PT. Kalimantan Prima Persada Sungai Puting is a coal stockpile company. Field worker division is the most risky to coal respirable dust exposure. The purpose of this research was to identify the respirable dust rate in work environment and respiratory disorder among coal stockpiles field workers. This was a descriptive study with cross sectional approach. Sample of coal respirable dust was taken by performing the measurement four locations in field PT. Kalimantan Prima Persada. The information about respiratory disorder was collected by interviewing 28 workers using by a questionnaire. The coal respirable dust had slightly above the threshold limit that was 2.19 mg/m3. Field workers respiratory disorders were cough with or without expectoration (49.15%), breathless (13.56%), asthma (11.86%), chest complaints (10.17%) and dust allergic (5.08%). Respondents characteristic were 15-30 years old (78.57%), level of education were senior high school (64.28%), and had work period 3-4 years (53.57%). Keywords : Respirable coal dust, respiratory disorder, coal stockpiles field worker

Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Penurunan Angka Kesembuhan TB di Kabupaten Banjar Tahun 2013

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor karakteristik individu, perilaku, faktor peran pengawas minum obat (PMO), kondisi rumah penderita, tingkat kepatuhan penderita TB paru terhadap kesembuhan penyakit TB paru dalam pengobatan di Puskesmas Astambul Kabupaten Banjar Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Penelitian dengan pendekatan cross sectional ini menggunakan uji statistik menghitung Odd Ratio (OR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesembuhan penyakit TB Paru lebih kecil 1,6 kali pada umur muda dibandingkan dengan umur tua, pada responden dengan ventilasi tidak memenuhi syarat kesehatan 1,3 kali lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan responden dengan ventilasi rumahnya yang memenuhi syarat kesehatan, pada responden dengan pencahayaan tidak memenuhi syarat kesehatan 1,3 kali lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan responden dengan pencahayaan yang memenuhi syarat kesehatan. Responden dengan pengetahuan kurang 6,7 kali untuk tidak sembuh dibandingkan dengan kesembuhan TB Paru pada responden dengan pengetahuan baik (OR=6,750), serta kesembuhan penyakit TB Paru pada responden dengan tindakan kurang 4,3 kali untuk tidak sembuh dibandingkan dengan kesembuhan TB Paru pada responden dengan tindakan baik (OR=4,333). Peningkatan keaktifan Pengawas Minum Obat pun perlu diupayakan untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan minum obat dan kesembuhan TB Paru pada masyarakat

Correlation Between Gender, Age, Education Level, and Working Status with Anti-tuberculosis Drug Uses (OATS) in Patients with Lung Tb in Indonesia 2013

Lung TB is still being a public health problem in the world. Lung TB disease many attack age group productive. Most of who are from the group socio-economic and low levels of education that low. The low coverage recovery rates have had a negative impact on public health program achievement and success because it still gives an opportunity for transmitting Lung TB to other members of the family and community around it. To achieve recovery required order or loyalty treatment for every patient. Loyalty patients in medication dose without consultation OATS influenced by many factors. This research aims to analyze factors which affect the (OATS) Anti Tuberculosis uses in patients with Lung TB in Indonesia (The 33 provinces at the consecutive Indonesia Fundamental Health Research Survey in 2013).  This research used a non-interference study with cross-sectional approach. A sample of research is household\u27s members at the age of 15 consecutive that was diagnosed with Lung TB through inspection sputum and/or photo Lung by health workers through an interview. This research showed that most of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in the male gender (52.7%), the range of the largest age group of 35-44 years (21.3%), the highest educational level in the low educational level (73.9%), work status many in the working group (60.1%), and pulmonary tuberculosis patients more do not use OATS 60.4%. Logistic regression analysis test result shows, there is a significant correlation between genders, age, levels of education with the use of OATS. No significant relationship between working status in patients with Lungs TB and the use of OATS (p-value= 0.454). The characteristics patients with Lung TB (gender, age, levels of education) are the factors that influence significantly to this research and statistic, while status work is not significantly influenced in patients with Lung TB in Indonesia

Studi Perkembangan Sekolah Khusus Olahraga Disabilitas (SKOD) Indonesia Tahun 2019-2020

Sekolah Khusus Olahraga Disabilitas (SKOD) Indonesia merupakan sekolah khusus bagi atlet-atlet disabilitas Indonesia yang didirikan di kota Surakarta di bawah nanungan Deputi Pengelolaan Pembinaan Sentra dan Sekolah Khusus Olahraga. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian studi perkembangan pada Sekolah Khusus Olahraga Disabilitas (SKOD) Indonesia yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui perkembangan Sekolah Khusus Olahraga Disabilitas (SKOD) Indonesia dalam (1) sarana dan prasarana, (2) sistem perekrutan siswa, (3) pogram latihan, (4) managemen pengelolaan dan (5) pendampingan terhadap psikologis siswa. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Proses pengambilan data diperoleh dari pelatih, atlet dan managemen dari SKOD Indonesia. Teknik analisis data dengan cara mengumpulkan data, mereduksi data, menyajikan data dan menarik kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini, yaitu 1) Prasarana dan sarana olahraga yang digunakan oleh siswa SKOD Indonesia dalam kondisi yang baik dan aman untuk program latihan guna mencapai target prestasi yang direncankan. 2) sistem perekrutan siswa dilakukan dengan 2 (dua) cara, yaitu seleksi nasional terbuka dan jalur pemantauan. 3) program latihan sudah sistematis, terstruktur dan terencana sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip latihan serta adanya evaluasi untuk setiap program masing-masing cabang olahraga. 4) SKOD Indonesia memiliki managemen yang baik, yaitu mempunyai struktur organisasi, mempunyai legalitas dan program kerja. 5) pendampingan psikologi siswa dilakukan oleh ahli psikologi olahraga

Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Background: Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, and affects people regardless of country, age group, or sex. Using the most recent evidentiary and analytical framework from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD), we produced location-specific, age-specific, and sex-specific estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden from 1990 to 2021, the proportion of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in 2021, the proportion of the type 2 diabetes burden attributable to selected risk factors, and projections of diabetes prevalence through 2050. Methods: Estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden were computed in 204 countries and territories, across 25 age groups, for males and females separately and combined; these estimates comprised lost years of healthy life, measured in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs; defined as the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]). We used the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) approach to estimate deaths due to diabetes, incorporating 25 666 location-years of data from vital registration and verbal autopsy reports in separate total (including both type 1 and type 2 diabetes) and type-specific models. Other forms of diabetes, including gestational and monogenic diabetes, were not explicitly modelled. Total and type 1 diabetes prevalence was estimated by use of a Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, to analyse 1527 location-years of data from the scientific literature, survey microdata, and insurance claims; type 2 diabetes estimates were computed by subtracting type 1 diabetes from total estimates. Mortality and prevalence estimates, along with standard life expectancy and disability weights, were used to calculate YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs. When appropriate, we extrapolated estimates to a hypothetical population with a standardised age structure to allow comparison in populations with different age structures. We used the comparative risk assessment framework to estimate the risk-attributable type 2 diabetes burden for 16 risk factors falling under risk categories including environmental and occupational factors, tobacco use, high alcohol use, high body-mass index (BMI), dietary factors, and low physical activity. Using a regression framework, we forecast type 1 and type 2 diabetes prevalence through 2050 with Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and high BMI as predictors, respectively. Findings: In 2021, there were 529 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 500-564) people living with diabetes worldwide, and the global age-standardised total diabetes prevalence was 6·1% (5·8-6·5). At the super-region level, the highest age-standardised rates were observed in north Africa and the Middle East (9·3% [8·7-9·9]) and, at the regional level, in Oceania (12·3% [11·5-13·0]). Nationally, Qatar had the world's highest age-specific prevalence of diabetes, at 76·1% (73·1-79·5) in individuals aged 75-79 years. Total diabetes prevalence-especially among older adults-primarily reflects type 2 diabetes, which in 2021 accounted for 96·0% (95·1-96·8) of diabetes cases and 95·4% (94·9-95·9) of diabetes DALYs worldwide. In 2021, 52·2% (25·5-71·8) of global type 2 diabetes DALYs were attributable to high BMI. The contribution of high BMI to type 2 diabetes DALYs rose by 24·3% (18·5-30·4) worldwide between 1990 and 2021. By 2050, more than 1·31 billion (1·22-1·39) people are projected to have diabetes, with expected age-standardised total diabetes prevalence rates greater than 10% in two super-regions: 16·8% (16·1-17·6) in north Africa and the Middle East and 11·3% (10·8-11·9) in Latin America and Caribbean. By 2050, 89 (43·6%) of 204 countries and territories will have an age-standardised rate greater than 10%. Interpretation: Diabetes remains a substantial public health issue. Type 2 diabetes, which makes up the bulk of diabetes cases, is largely preventable and, in some cases, potentially reversible if identified and managed early in the disease course. However, all evidence indicates that diabetes prevalence is increasing worldwide, primarily due to a rise in obesity caused by multiple factors. Preventing and controlling type 2 diabetes remains an ongoing challenge. It is essential to better understand disparities in risk factor profiles and diabetes burden across populations, to inform strategies to successfully control diabetes risk factors within the context of multiple and complex drivers. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation