Non-Gaussianity analysis of GW background made by short-duration burst signals

We study an observational method to analyze non-Gaussianity of a gravitational wave (GW) background made by superposition of weak burst signals. The proposed method is based on fourth-order correlations of data from four detectors, and might be useful to discriminate the origin of a GW background. With a formulation newly developed to discuss geometrical aspects of the correlations, it is found that the method provides us with linear combinations of two interesting parameters, I_2 and V_2 defined by the Stokes parameters of individual GW burst signals. We also evaluate sensitivities of specific detector networks to these parameters.Comment: 18 pages, to appear in PR

Prospects for direct detection of circular polarization of gravitational-wave background

We discussed prospects for directly detecting circular polarization signal of gravitational wave background. We found it is generally difficult to probe the monopole mode of the signal due to broad directivity of gravitational wave detectors. But the dipole (l=1) and octupole (l=3) modes of the signal can be measured in a simple manner by combining outputs of two unaligned detectors, and we can dig them deeply under confusion and detector noises. Around f~0.1mHz LISA will provide ideal data streams to detect these anisotropic components whose magnitudes are as small as ~1 percent of the detector noise level in terms of the non-dimensional energy density \Omega_{GW}(f).Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure, PRL in pres

Signature of the Overhauser field on the coherent spin dynamics of donor-bound electron in a single CdTe quantum well

We have studied the coherent spin dynamics in an oblique magnetic field of electrons localized on donors and placed in the middle of a single CdTe quantum well, by using a time-resolved optical technique: the photo-induced Faraday rotation. We showed that this dynamics is affected by a weak Overhauser field created via the hyperfine interaction of optically spin-polarized donor-bound electrons with the surrounding nuclear isotopes carrying non-zero spins. We have measured this nuclear field, which is on the order of a few mT and can reach a maximum experimental value of 9.4 mT. This value represents 13 % of the maximal nuclear polarization, and corresponds also to 13 % of maximal electronic polarization.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figure

A Survey of the Use of Physical Agents and Therapeutic Modalities in Physical Therapy

Background and Purpose. It is desirable that physical therapy programs update their curricula according to the clinical application patterns of physical agents and therapeutic modalities in physical therapy. The purpose of this study is to 1) determine the frequency of use of physical agents and therapeutic modalities, 2) determine the factors in deciding which physical agent or therapeutic modality to use, 3) determine the educational coverage of each physical agent or therapeutic modality and identify strengths and weaknesses of the respondents training, and 4) compare the frequency of use with the current training in physical agents and therapeutic modalities at the University of North Dakota\u27s physical therapy program (UND-PT). Subjects and Methods. A survey was sent to 690 physical therapists at 230 clinical sites in the United States affiliated with the UNO-PT. It consisted of seven sections: thermomodalities, electromodalities, mechanical agents, hydromodalities, educational coverage, open-ended questions, and demographic information. The data were analyzed and the results are depicted within this study. Results. The three most frequently used physical agents or therapeutic modalities were cold packs (x = 19 ± 23 times/week), ultrasound (x = 17 ± 23 times/week), and hot packs (x = 15 ± 23 times/week). Primary practice setting influenced the choice of the three most used modalities, with a markedly greater use of physical agents and therapeutic modalities in the outpatient orthopedics and sports medicine settings. The three most important factors in deciding which physical agent or therapeutic modality to use were the purpose/availability/ease of application of the physical agent or therapeutic modality (18%), patient signs and symptoms (16%), and effectiveness (15%). The three most frequent strengths of the respondents\u27 educational coverage were the amount of lab time spent practicing to use the modalities (32%), depth of coverage (22%), and variety of coverage (20%). The four most frequently perceived limitations of educational coverage were practice time (25%), depth of coverage for the entire course (13%), equipment concerns (13%), and a limited emphasis on research (13%). We consider the coverage of physical agents and therapeutic modalities at UND-PT to be consistent with the results of our survey. Discussion and Conclusion. A sparse amount of research on this topic exists, limiting comparisons between studies, which could account for many differences. These differences existed in geographical regions, time span between studies, and the narrow scope of clinical settings and modalities studied. Currently, reimbursement issues, evidence-based practice, and clinical effectiveness influence the frequency of use of physical agents and therapeutic modalities. Further research is needed on the use of physical agents and therapeutic modalities across practice settings and clinical experience. Further research can also be studied on a broader population base

Pengaruh Efikasi Diri Dan Kemandirian Belajar Terhadap Hasil Belajar Mata Kuliah Geometri Dasar Pada Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika Universitas Flores

Kesuksesan mahasiswa belajar diperguruan tinggi sangat dipengaruhi oleh semangat hidup yang tinggi, dan rasa optimis yang besar terhadap kesuksesan. Kesuksesan akan diraih oleh mahasiswa jika mahasiswa tersebut mampu untuk mengatasi kesulitan-kesulitan yang mungkin terjadi pada saat perkuliahan. Salah satu kesulitan yang juga berperan penting bagi mahasiswa untuk meraih kesuksesan adalah efikasi diri dan kemandirian belajar. Setiap mahasiswa mempunyai kesulitan yang berbeda-beda, baik dalam hal mata kuliah maupun dalam hal penerimaan metode pembelajaran yang diberikan.  Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat sejauh mana Pengaruh efikasi diri dan kemandirian belajar siswa terhadap hasil belajar mata kuliah geometri dasar program studi pendidikan matematika universitas Flores. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian explanatory yang menjelaskan hubungan kausal antara variable-variabel yang mempengaruhi hipotesis atau teori yang menjelaskan mengapa suatu fenomena terjadi. Fenomena dalam penelitian ini adalah efikasi diri dan kemandirian belajar mahasiswa. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan Efikasi Diri (X1) dan Kemandirian Belajar (X2) mempunyai pengaruh yang positif terhadap Hasil Belajar (Y) diketahui dari hasil analisis korelasi diperoleh dari nilai R hitung untuk X1 terhadap Y sebesar 0.607 dan X2 terhadap Y nilai R hitung diperoleh sebesar 0.583 dan nilai signifikansi antara X1 dan X2 terhadap Y diperoleh dua tanda bintang (**) sehingga ada pengaruh positif dengan taraf signifikansi 1 %.. Dengan kata lain semakin meningkatnya atau semakin baiknya Efikasi Diri dan Kemandirian Belajar maka akan meningkat pula hasil belajar dari mahasiswa itu sendiri. Kata kunci : Efikasi Diri; Hasil Belajar; Geometri Dasa

Cosmological Constraints on the Very Low Frequency Gravitational-Wave Background

While there are no strong observational constraints on the gravitational wave background across six or more orders of magnitude between 10^{-16} Hz and 10^{-10} Hz and it is difficult to get a constraint below 10^{-12}Hz using objects in our Galaxy, we suggest that the anisotropy pattern of time variation of the redshift related to a sample of high redshift objects can be used to constrain the gravitational wave background around 10^{-12} Hz. Useful observations for the monitoring of an anisotropy signal in a global redshift change include spectroscopic observations of the Ly-alpha forest in absorption towards a sample of quasars, redshifted 21 cm line observations either in absorption or emission towards a sample of neutral HI regions before or during reionization, and high frequency (0.1 Hz to 1 Hz) gravitational wave analysis of a sample of neutron star--neutron star binaries detected with gravitational wave instruments such as the Decihertz Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (DECIGO). The low frequency background can also be constrained by arcsecond-scale anisotropy observations of the CMB. For reasonable observations in the future involving extragalactic sources, we find best limits at the level of \Omega_{GW} < 10^{-5} at a frequency around 10^{-12} Hz while the eventual ultimate limit one cannot beat is \Omega_{GW} < 10^{-11}.Comment: 8 pages 2 figure

Moving toward multimedia electronic health records: how do we get there?

This report, based on a workshop jointly sponsored the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Biomedical Engineering and the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology, examines the role and value of images as multimedia data in electronic health records (EHRs). The workshop, attended by a wide range of stakeholders, was motivated in part by the absence of image data from discussions of meaningful use of health information technology. Collectively, the workshop presenters and participants argued that images are not ancillary data and should be central to health information systems to facilitate clinical decisions and higher quality, efficiency, and safety of care. They emphasized that the imaging community has already developed standards that form the basis of interoperability. Despite the apparent value of images, workshop participants also identified challenges and barriers to their implementation within EHRs. Weighing the opportunities and challenges, workshop participants provided their perspectives on possible paths forward toward fully multimedia EHRs

Nonlinear Velocity-Density Coupling: Analysis by Second-Order Perturbation Theory

Cosmological linear perturbation theory predicts that the peculiar velocity $V(x)$ and the matter overdensity $\delta(x)$ at a same point $x$ are statistically independent quantities, as log as the initial density fluctuations are random Gaussian distributed. However nonlinear gravitational effects might change the situation. Using framework of second-order perturbation theory and the Edgeworth expansion method, we study local density dependence of bulk velocity dispersion that is coarse-grained at a weakly nonlinear scale. For a typical CDM model, the first nonlinear correction of this constrained bulk velocity dispersion amounts to $\sim 0.3\delta$ (Gaussian smoothing) at a weakly nonlinear scale with a very weak dependence on cosmological parameters. We also compare our analytical prediction with published numerical results given at nonlinear regimes.Comment: 16 pages including 2 figures, ApJ 537 in press (July 1