Language Attitude and Language Choice in Bilingual Academic Learning Environment

The objectives of this research were to observe the language attitude and factors determining language choice of English Department students of Bina Nusantara University. The observation carried out by exploring the motivation, language choice, and language practice of the English Department students. The data were collected through a questionnaire, which was designed to capture the students’ motivation in studying English, language choice, and practice. The result of this research shows that the English department students hold the positive attitude toward English, which are shown through the statement of the majority of the students who argue that English is an international language and offers more career opportunities. The two main factors determining the use of English are the role of the lectures and the English language exposure in the academic environment. This result is expected to provide a context to design an effective English learning process to encourage students in practicing the language

With the New Technology in Hands and New Audiences in Minds: A Review of Creative Adaptation Process Model

Storytellers such as writers, artists, and film makers need to carefully devise a plan, undergo a lengthy process, supply workforce, and determine relevant technology required in producing creative work. The adaptation of a creative work to a different mode poses challenges to these creative hands and minds. One obvious challenge is for adapters to find the equivalents for signs that might be unique between modes. Coming from different fields and expertise, the authors met regularly to compare and discuss the creative processes within our fields when adapting creative fictions into different forms (film, comic, and audiobook). We followed the “expert interview” research method protocol, where the two of us interviewed the experts of intersected fields to gather qualitative data. The discussion and interviews resulted in a model called creative adaptation process. With the projection of it being implemented in at university level, we examined the model by using sociocultural perspectives. The examination shows that the model makes it possible for university students to collaborate with other students of different disciplines in producing creative work and use relevant tool and technology to support their work in transforming from one mode to another. To review the adaptability of the model along with its implementation in different contexts and disciplines, extended reviews of the model from external parties is required

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TWO `THE WIDOW` POEMS USING DECONSTRUCTION THEORY

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TWO `THE WIDOW` POEMS USING DECONSTRUCTION THEORY - Deconstruction, Inconsistencies, Comparison, Similaritie

Dataset for: Mate guarding by male orangutans in Gunung Palung National Park, Knott Lab

This is the behavioral dataset that was used to examine the efficacy of mate guarding by male orangutans in Gunung Palung National Park

Flanged males have higher reproductive success in a completely wild orangutan population.

Male orangutans (Pongo spp.) exhibit bimaturism, an alternative reproductive tactic, with flanged and unflanged males displaying two distinct morphological and behavioral phenotypes. Flanged males are larger than unflanged males and display secondary sexual characteristics which unflanged males lack. The evolutionary explanation for alternative reproductive tactics in orangutans remains unclear because orangutan paternity studies to date have been from sites with ex-captive orangutans, provisioning via feeding stations and veterinary care, or that lack data on the identity of mothers. Here we demonstrate, using the first long-term paternity data from a site free of these limitations, that alternative reproductive tactics in orangutans are condition-dependent, not frequency-dependent. We found higher reproductive success by flanged males than by unflanged males, a pattern consistent with other Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) paternity studies. Previous paternity studies disagree on the degree of male reproductive skew, but we found low reproductive skew among flanged males. We compare our findings and previous paternity studies from both Bornean and Sumatran orangutans (Pongo abelii) to understand why these differences exist, examining the possible roles of species differences, ecology, and human intervention. Additionally, we use long-term behavioral data to demonstrate that while flanged males can displace unflanged males in association with females, flanged males are unable to keep other males from associating with a female, and thus they are unable to completely mate guard females. Our results demonstrate that alternative reproductive tactics in Bornean orangutans are condition-dependent, supporting the understanding that the flanged male morph is indicative of good condition. Despite intense male-male competition and direct sexual coercion by males, female mate choice is effective in determining reproductive outcomes in this population of wild orangutans

Example of male orangutans displaying the two alternative reproductive tactics.

An unflanged male (left) lacks cheek pads and a throat sac and has a smaller body size. A flanged male (right) has secondary sexual characteristics including large cheek pads (flanges), a large throat sac, and larger body size. Photos by Tim Laman.</p

Reproductive skew calculation and nonac’s b interpretation.

Reproductive skew calculation and nonac’s b interpretation.</p