Variability of phenolic composition and tocopherol content of some commercial Almond cultivars

The phenolic (gallic acid, catechin, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, ferulic acid, kaempferol, naringenin, and p-coumaric acid) and tocopherol contents (α, β, γ, and δ) of some commercially significant almond cultivars were determined in the research. Wide variations in phenolic and tocopherol contents were detected among the cultivars in the research. The highest rate among the phenolic substances was obtained in catechin, with the average values of 27.35 µg g-1 in 2008 and 39.87 µg g-1  in 2009. The highest catechin content was recorded in cultivar ‘Ferraduel’ in both years, with the values of 117.59 µg g-1 in 2008 and 145.86 µg g-1 in 2009. The highest rate among the tocopherols was obtained in α-tocopherol, and the average values were detected as 312.29 mg kg-1 in 2008 and 467.31 mg kg-1 in 2009. The highest α-tocopherol contents were determined as 899.49 mg kg-1 and 945.41 mg kg-1  in cultivar ‘Supernova’ in both years, respectively. In the research, α-tocopherol turned out to be the major tocopherol

Researches for the determination of some walnut cultivars (Juglans regia L.) to be used as seedling rootstock

Bu araştırma, bazı ceviz çeşitlerinin, tohum anacı olarak kullanılabilme potansiyellerini belirlemek amacıyla 2013-2014 yıllarında Denizli ilinde yürütülmüştür. Materyal olarak, Balaban, Bilecik, Chandler, Fernor, Kaman-1, Midland, Pedro, Serr, Yalova-1 ve Yalova-3 ceviz çeşitlerine ait tohumlar kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada, tohumların çimlenme gücü, çimlenme hızı, çöğürlerin gelişim değerleri tespit edilmiştir. Çeşitlerin aşıya gelme ve aşı tutma oranları belirlenmiş, uygun çöğürler yama ve yonga göz aşı metoduyla aşılanmıştır. Aşılamadan 60 gün sonra, alınan örneklerde, anatomik ve histolojik incelemeler yapılmıştır. Buna göre; yıllar ortalamasında, en yüksek çimlenme gücü, %79.07 ile Kaman-1 çeşidinde tespit edilirken, bunu sırasıyla Bilecik %78.44, Pedro %78.13, Yalova-1 %76.25, Yalova-3 %72.50 izlemiştir. En düşük değer ise %55.00 ile Fernor çeşidinde saptanmıştır. Ortalama çap gelişiminde en büyük değerler sırası ile Yalova-1, (11.58 mm), Kaman-1 (11.02 mm), Bilecik (10.56 mm), ve Pedro (10.74 mm) çeşitlerinde belirlenmiştir. En düşük ortalama çap değerleri ise Chandler (8.54 mm), Fernor (8.35 mm) ve Midland (8.15 mm)'da saptanmıştır. Ortalama çöğür boy değerlerinin 53.95 cm (Kaman-1) ile 36.69 cm (Fernor) arasında değişiklik gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonunda; Kaman-1, Yalova-1,Yalova-3, Bilecik ve Pedro çeşitlerinin tohum anacı olarak kullanılabilme potansiyeli açısından en iyi sonuçları verdikleri tespit edilmiştir.This study was carried out to determine the potential of some walnut cultivars for seedling rootstock between 2013 and 2014. The study was performed in Denizli city. The seeds of 10 walnut cultivars (Balaban, Bilecik, Chandler, Fernor, Kaman-1, Midland, Pedro, Serr, Yalova-1 and Yalova-3) were used as plant material in the study. The seed germination capacity, germination rate, seedling length, diameter and root development values of the cultivars were determined. Seedlings that suited for budding were budded with patch budding and chip budding methods, and budding success ratios were determined. After 60 days from budding, we did anatomically and histologic observations on the samples. The highest germination ratio according to the average value of years was obtained from Kaman-1 cultivar (79.07%) and Bilecik (78.44%), Pedro (78.13%), Yalova-1 (76.25%) and Yalova-3 (72.50%) respectively. The lowest germination rate was evaluated from Fernor cultivar with 55.00%. Average seedling diameter development values were higher in Yalova-1 (11.58 mm), Kaman-1 (11.02 mm), Bilecik (10.56 mm) and Pedro (10.74 mm) than others. The lowest seedling diameter values were noted from Midland (8.15mm) and Fernor cultivar (8.35 mm), Chandler (8.54 mm). Average seedling length ranged from 53.95cm (Kaman-1) to 36.69 cm (Fernor). In conclusion, the walnut cultivars -Kaman-1, Yalova-1, Yalova-3, Bilecik and Pedro with high scores were determined to be used as seedling rootstock

Determination of germination potential of some walnut seeds of cultivars

Bu araştırma, bazı ceviz çeşitlerinin, tohumlarının çimlenme potansiyellerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Materyal olarak, Balaban, Bilecik, Chandler, Fernor, Kaman-1, Midland, Pedro, Serr, Yalova-1 ve Yalova-3 ceviz çeşitlerine ait tohumlar kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada, tohumların çimlenme gücü ve çimlenme hızı tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada yıllar ortalamasında, en yüksek çimlenme gücü, %79.07 ile Kaman-1 çeşidinde tespit edilirken, bunu sırasıyla Bilecik %78.44, Pedro %78.13, Yalova-1 %76.25, Yalova-3 %72.50 izlemiştir. En düşük değer ise %55.00 ile Fernor çeşidinde belirlenmiştir. Çeşitler arasında çimlenme gücü ve hızı açısından tohum ekiminden itibaren geçen süreye göre farklılıklar olduğu saptanmıştır.This study was conducted to determine germination potential of some walnut cultivars seeds. Seeds of Balaban, Bilecik, Chandler, Fernor, Kaman-1, Midland, Pedro, Serr, Yalova-1 and Yalova-3 walnut cultivars were used as material. In the research, germination power and germination rate of seeds were determined. In the study, the highest germination power was determined in Kaman-1 cultivar with 79.07%, followed by Bilecik 78.44%, Pedro 78.13%, Yalova-1 76.25%, Yalova-3 72.50%, respectively. The lowest value was found in Fernor cultivar with 55.00%. It was found that there were differences between the varieties in terms of germination power and speed according to the time elapsed from seed planting

Effects of different dosages of ReTain (aminoethoxyvinylglycine) on pre-harvest fruit drop and fruit quality of ‘Golden delicious’ apple.

WOS:000771911200001The study was carried out to reduce the losses due to the yield-fruit quality caused by the pre-harvest fruit drop problem of the ‘Golden Delicious’ variety. To increase the profitability of the producer in the orchards established with this variety, the effects of ReTain, a human and environmentally friendly commercial product that can be used in practical application, in different dosages on pre-harvest fruit drop, and fruit quality were examined. The study was conducted in the ‘Golden Delicious’ apple orchard grown in two different locations (Egirdir and Civril) between 2016 and 2017. ReTain’s dosages of 830 g/ha, 700 g/ha, 550 g/ha, 400 g/ha were applied to fruits and leaves 4 weeks before the estimated harvest. Water + Tween 20 (surfactant) were sprayed to control trees. In both locations, all ReTain applications had significantly reduced pre-harvest fruit drop. It also increased the fruit size and weight. As a result, considering both fruit loss and fruit quality; the most suitable practical application for the ‘Golden Delicious’ apple variety was determined to be ReTain 830 g/ha 4 weeks before the estimated harvest

Effects of different cultivar/rootstock combinations on the some seedling characteristics for pear nursery growing

Bu çalışma, armut fidanı üretiminde farklı özelliklere sahip çeşit ve anaçların fidan gelişimi üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla 2014 ve2015 yıllarında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada, Deveci ve Santa Maria armut çeşitleri ile Quince C, Fox9, OHxF40, Fox11, OHxF87, OHxF97, OHxF69, OHxF 333, BA 29 anaçları kullanılmıştır. Çeşitler ve anaçlar T göz aşısı yöntemiyle 10 Eylül 2014 tarihinde sera ortamında aşılanmıştır. Aşılamadan 18 ay sonra çeşit/anaç kombinasyonlarının fidangelişimini belirleyebilmek için, anaç çapı (mm), fidan çapı (mm), fidan boyu (cm), sürgün sayısı (adet), ortalamasürgün uzunluğu (cm), ortalama sürgün çapı (mm) ve anacın dip sürgünü oluşturma durumu (adet) incelenmiştir. Çeşit/anaç kombinasyonlarında fidan boyu ve anaç çapına anaçlar ve çeşitler ayrı ayrı etki göstermiştir. En kısa fidanlar Fox11 (104.01 cm) anacından ve Deveci (126.83 cm) çeşidinden elde edilmiştir. Anaç çapı en az olan anaç Fox9 (15.54 mm), çeşit ise Santa Maria (17.83 mm) olarak belirlenmiştir. Fidan çapına ve sürgün sayısına çeşit x anaç interaksiyonunun etkili olduğu bulunmuş ve Santa Maria/Fox11 kombinasyonundan fidan çapı (11.71 mm) ve sürgün sayısı (3.28 adet) en az olan fidanlar elde edilmiştir.Çalışmada kullanılan armut anaçlarınıngelişme kuvvetlerinin tespiti ve değerlendirilmesi önemli olup, çalışmanın bundan sonra yapılacak çalışmalara bilimselnitelikte ışık tutacağı düşünülmektedir.This study was carried out between 2014 and 2015 to determine the effects of varieties and rootstocks with different characteristics in the production of pear nursery on seedling development. Deveci and Santa Maria pear varieties, and Quince C, Fox 9, OHxF 40, Fox 11, OHxF87, OHxF97, OHxF69, OHxF 333 and BA 29 rootstocks were used in this study. Two pear varieties and nine different pear rootstocks were budded by T bud method in 10 September 2014.After 18 months from the budding, rootstock diameter (mm), seedling diameter (mm), seedling length (cm), shoot number (number), average shoot length (cm), average shoot diameter (mm) and rootstock’s offshoot were investigated. The shortest seedlings were obtained from the Fox 11 (104.01 cm) and Deveci (126.83 cm). The smallest rootstock diameter was found as Fox 9 (15.54 mm) and the varieties as Santa Maria (17.83 mm).It has been found that variety x rootstock interaction is effective on seedling diameter and number of shoots. And Santa Maria/Fox 11 were obtained with a minimum number of seedlings (11.71 mm) and number of shoots (3.28).It is important to determine and evaluate the development vigor of the pear rootstocks used in the study, and it is thought that the study will shed light on the scientific nature of the work to be done thereafter

Graft-compatibility of rootpac rootstocks with nectarine and peach cultivars

Interspecific hybrids or clones from different Prunus species can be used as rootstocks for peaches. Recently, the Rootpac rootstocks have been released and begun to be used for peaches. Therefore, grafting aptitude and their compatibility with peach and nectarine cultivars should be examined. The aim of this study is to determine the graft-compatibility performance of different clonal Rootpac rootstocks with peach and nectarine cultivars. Graft unions of peaches and nectarines on Rootpac rootstocks were monitored at the Fruit Research Institute in Eğirdir, Isparta, Turkey. The peach cultivars 'Monroe', 'Royal Glory', 'Q'Henry', 'Vista Rich', 'Cresthaven' and the nectarine cultivar 'Venus' were T-budded on Rootpac-R, Rootpac-90, Rootpac-70, Rootpac-40 and Rootpac-20. The graft samples were evaluated with a microscope at 1, 4 and 12 months after budding. Cambial differentiation occurred after a callus bridge was formed between the two parts of the graft. The graft union and development was observed to be successful. Consequently, no evidence for histological incompatibility was found. In addition, no incompatibility visual symptoms (drying, chlorosis on the leaves, premature death of the trees, marked difference in the growth rate or vigor of scion and stock, over growth at, above or below the graft union, etc.) were observed until the third vegetative season of the budded trees. © 2020 International Society for Horticultural Science. All rights reserved.We would like to thank TAGEM (General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies) and Agromillora Seedling Production and Marketing Company for their support for this project

Rootpac anaçlarına aşılı badem, erik ve kayısı çeşitlerinin aşı kaynaşma durumları

The aim of this study was to obtain a basic information about the graft union formation in relation with growth characteristics between ‘Rootpac’ rootstocks and almond, plum and apricot varieties. In this trial, ‘Rootpac-R’, ‘Rootpac-90’, ‘Rootpac-70’, ‘Rootpac-40’, ‘Rootpac-20’ rootstocks and ‘Nonpareil’, ‘Ferragnes’ almond, ‘Aprikoz’, ‘Hacıhaliloğlu’ apricot and ‘Black Diamond’, ‘Papaz’ plum cultivars were used as plant materials. 1, 4 and 12 months after T budding, graft samples were evaluated microscopically and macroscopically. Transverse sections (20-45 µ) were cut by rotary microtome. At transverse sections that taken from 4 and 12 months after grafting were observed forming of callus in all combinations from scion and rootstocks, being broken of necrotic layer as different densities and occurring of cambial differentiations and cambial continuity between scion and rootstock were established. However, tissue development differences were observed in the combinations of ‘Aprikoz’ and ‘Hacıhaliloğlu’ apricots grafted on ‘Rootpac-R’, ‘Black Diamond’ plum grafted on ‘Rootpac-40’, and ‘Black Diamond’ plum, ‘Papaz’ plum, ‘Aprikoz’ and ‘Hacıhaliloğlu’ apricots grafted on ‘Rootpac-20’.Bu çalışma, Rootpac anaçlarının badem, erik ve kayısı çeşitleri ile aşı kaynaşma durumlarını hakkında kısa sürede temel bir bilgi edinebilmek amacı ile yapılmıştır. Bu araştırmada bitki materyali olarak ‘Rootpac-R’, ‘Rootpac-90’, ‘Rootpac-70’, ‘Rootpac-40’, ‘Rootpac-20’ anaçları ve ‘Nonpareil’, ‘Ferragnes’ badem, ‘Aprikoz’, ‘Hacıhaliloğlu’ kayısı ve ‘Black Diamond’ ve ‘Papaz’ erik çeşitleri kullanılmıştır. T göz aşısı yöntemi ile oluşturulan kombinasyonlardan alınan 1, 4 ve 12 ay sonra aşı örnekleri mikroskobik ve makroskopik olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Enine kesitler (20-45 μ) rotary mikrotom ile kesilmiş ve enine kesitlerde aşılamadan 4 ve 12 ay sonra alınan, kalem ve anaçtan elde edilen tüm kombinasyonlarda kallus oluştuğu, farklı yoğunluklardaki nekrotik tabakaların kırıldığı ve kalem ile anaç arasında kambiyal farklılığın ve kambiyal sürekliliğin sağlandığı gözlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte, ‘Rootpac-R’ üzerine aşılanmış ‘Aprikoz’ ve ‘Hacıhalioğlu’ kayısı çeşitlerinin, ‘Rootpac-40’ üzerine aşılanmış ‘Black Diamond’ çeşidinin, ‘Rootpac-20’ üzerine aşılanmış ‘Papaz’ erik, ‘Aprikoz’ ve ‘Hacıhaliloğlu’ kayısı çeşitlerinin oluşturduğu kombinasyonlarda doku gelişiminde farklılıklar gözlenmiştir.We would like to thank to TAGEM (General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies) and Agromillora Seedling Production and Marketing Company through their support for this project

Prediction of Walnut Mass Based on Physical Attributes by Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Prognose des Fruchtgewichts von Walnüssen anhand physikalischer Fruchteigenschaften mittels Künstlicher Neuronaler Netze

WOS:000513347600006Several researchers have investigated the relationships among different physical attributes of the fruits. For proper design and operation of grading systems, important relationships among the mass and other properties of fruits such as length, width, thickness, arithmetic mean diameter, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, surface area, volume, projected area, shape index, aspect ratio and elongations must be known. Recent researches have focused on artificial neural network (ANN) approaches to predict hard-to-find attributes of the fruits from easily-determined and readily available values. In this study, Modular Neural Network (MNN) and Radial Basis Neural Network (RBNN) structures of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) were employed to predict walnut mass from the physical attributes of the walnuts. Root mean square errors (RMSE) of MNN structure ranged from 0.60 to 0.89, while RMSE of RBNN structure were found to be very low (0.0002) in all of walnut varieties. These results showed that RBNN structures of Artificial Neural Network could potentially be used to estimate mass of walnuts and various physical attributes of walnuts were sufficient to predict the mass characteristics of a walnut