Standardization of RAPD assay for genetic analysis of olive

This study aimed at the standardization of PCR conditions for the purpose of determining the genetic similarities and distances in wild and cultivated olives collected from Izmir and Manisa provinces in Aegean Region. Three different PCR mix and three different PCR cycle as well as 20 primers from OP-Iseries were tried in 13 wild and 12 cultivated samples. A suitable PCR protocol was developed and evaluable bands were derived for further studies. Required result could not be obtained from PCR Mixes I and II and also PCR cycles I and II; however, favorable results were attained by PCR Mix III andPCR cycle III. Evaluable bands were obtained for defining the olive samples by using primers from OP-I. Thus, it was concluded that RAPD profiles are effective in the study of genetic similarities and distances of wild and cultivated olives

Efficiency of Transmitting Boundaries on Dynamic Response of Soil- Structure Interaction Systems

In this study, efficiency of transmitting boundaries which is one of the local procedures is investigated for dynamic analysis of the soil-structure interaction systems and the results are compared with traditional boundaries. Sarıyar concrete gravity dam is chosen for an application. For the soil-structure interaction system of the chosen dam, two different finite element models are prepared. In the first model, the infinite soil media on which the dam has been built is classically represented with finite size using traditional boundaries. In the second model, the infinite soil region is represented with finite size using transmitting boundaries. Dynamic analysis of these soil-structure interaction systems are performed with a computer program for approximate 3-D analysis of soil-structure interaction problems (FLUSH). As a result of the analyses, spectrums of acceleration, velocity and displacement are obtained for crest point of the dam

Genetic dissimilarities between wild olives by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay

Olive, being a fruit of subtropical climate and recognized to have significant importance in terms of human health, is being investigated with different aspects. Wild olives are valuable in the sense that they contain the sources of stability and they can be separated by using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. In this study, a total of 59 primers were used for the purpose of determining the DNA fingerprints of 12 wild olives obtained from different provinces of Aegean region, and 92 polymorphic bands were yielded. Mean number of polymorphic bands per individual was calculated as 7.67 and number of polymorphic bands per scorable primer was calculated as 4.6. Specific DNA markers are important for determining the genetic relation among wild subspecies in olives. The purpose of this study is to identify the wild olives by using RAPD analysis. In conclusion, the genetic relation between wild olives were determined through Jaccard, Sorensen Dice, Simple Matching coefficients, (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages) UPGMA and neighbor joining method by using the data obtained with RAPD.Keywords: Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Olea europaea, arbitrary primers, Jaccard, Sorensen Dice, Simple Matching, unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages, neighbor joinin

Comparison of Manzanilla and wild type olives by RAPD-PCR analysis

The object of this study was to detect genetic similarities and distances between cultivated Manzanilla and wild type olives by random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) technique. In this study, the cultivated type olive Manzanilla was supplied from Olive Research Institute of Turkey and the wild type olives from the villages of Manisa, Izmir and Mugla provinces. Genomic DNA’s were extracted from young leaves and PCR was used to generate RAPD bands. Sixty random primers obtained from Operon technology were tested by RAPD-PCR (OP-A, OP-I, OP-Q). Thirty of 60 primers used in the study provided 150 considerably polymorphic bands and the average number of bands was defined as 5. Comparisons of cultivated and wild type olives are important for understanding genetic relation. It was determined that the genetic distance values varied between 0.0665 and 0.2863 and genetic similarity values varied between 0.9356 and 0.7511. It was observed that the samples most close to each other were wild 8 and wild 3 and the samples most distant from each other were wild 5 and Manzanilla, in accordance with such genetic distance and similarity values

Designing and implementation of the foundation information system: a case study of Samsun

Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS), konumsal verilerin analiz edilmesi işlevini hızlı ve sağlıklı bir şekilde yerine getirmesi nedeniyle birçok uygulama alanı bulmuştur. Bunlardan biri, konumsal bilgiyi kullanarak, planlama, mühendislik ve yönetimsel faaliyetlerde etkili karar vermeyi sağlayan Taşınmaz Bilgi Sistemleridir. Vakıflar menkul ya da gayrimenkulden oluşan birer mülk topluluğudur. Vakıfların varlığı temelde gayrimenkule dayanmaktadır. Vakıflar idaresindeki taşınmazların fazla oluşu, taşınmaz bilgilerine erişim ve taşınmazlar üzerindeki değişimlerin takip edilmesinde karşılaşılan güçlükler nedeniyle vakıf taşınmazlarının yönetiminde çeşitli sorunlar yaşanmaktadır. Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü, e-devlet stratejisi altında, kurum bünyesindeki ihtiyaçlara cevap verecek şekilde tasarlanan CBS kurma çalışmalarına başlayarak, Vakıflar Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemini 2008 yılında hayata geçirmiştir. Kurulan bilgi sistemi, Infoanalystpro Konumsal Analiz Programı ve WebGIS olarak adlandırılan iki uygulamadan oluşmaktadır. Ancak uygulamada, Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğünün geliştirmiş olduğu bilgi sisteminin kullanımı sırasında bazı eksiklikler ve problemlerle karşılaşılmaktadır. Bu da en başta verilerin zamanında güncellenememesine sebep olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, mevcut sistemdeki sorunlar dikkate alınarak, Samsun Vakıflar Bölge Müdürlüğü’nün mülklerinin takibinin sağlanması, envanterlerinin çıkarılması, taşınmazların etkin ve verimli bir biçimde yönetilebilmesi için CBS tabanlı bir Vakıf Bilgi Sistemi tasarlanmış ve geliştirilmiştir.Geographical Information Systems (GIS) have found many applications due to spatial data analysis function be accomplished quickly. One of them is the real estate information system that provides effective decision in planning, engineering and administrative activities by using spatial information. Foundations are communities constituted from movable or real estate properties. The possession of foundations is essentially based on real estates. Starting the works of building the Geographical Information System (GIS) that is designed in a way to meet the needs within the body of the institution under the strategy of e-government, General Directorate for Foundations accomplished the Geographical Information System for Foundations in 2008. The information system is comprised of two parts, which are called Infoanalystpro Spatial Analysis Program and WebGIS. However, some deficiencies and problems are encountered during the use of the information system built by the General Directorate for Foundations in practice. This causes the disability to update the data in time. In this study, taking the problems in the present system into account, a GIS-based Foundation Information System was designed and developed for the purpose of following the properties of Samsun Regional Directorate for Foundations, taking the inventory and administrating the real estate efficiently

Implementation of a web services-based SDI to control and manage private ownership rights on coastal areas

It is stated in the legislation related to the management of coastal areas, particularly in the Coastal Law, that private ownership shall not be allowed in coastal areas in Turkey. However, due to de?ciencies in the legislation, insuf?ciencies in control and enforcement, and, most importantly, lack of interoperability among institutions, it is evident that private ownership exists in coastal areas. According to the Coastal Law and the Regulation for Application of the Coastal Law, Shore Border Line (SBL) infringing sections of a real estate that remain on the coast should be annulled from the title and they should be allocated for public use. In practice, owing to the fact that institutions, which perform title annulment procedures, collect the required spatial data from the related institutions via traditional methods, it is seen that procedures are carried out quite slowly, and the process of title annulment lasts for months. Effective cooperation among many different institutions is needed in the management of coastal areas. The mechanism that will ensure this cooperation is “Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI).” The SDIs are inter- operability infrastructures that allow sharing of the data and services among the related institutions or parties. Service Oriented Architecture and its most common implementation method, web services, are the latest software architecture that is recommended for realizing interoperability. In this study, the legislation related to management of coastal areas in Turkey is examined and institutions, which appear in the process of title annulment of real estates, which remain on the coast by infringing the SBL, and the procedures carried out are explained. Next, a series of web services were designed and developed for an SDI implementation, and it is demonstrated that procedures which are in practice implemented quite slowly by traditional methods can be implemented in a fast and proper manner in a web services-based SDI environment

Designing and implementation of the foundation information system of the Samsun province

Vakıflar menkul ya da gayrimenkulden oluşan birer mülk topluluğudur. Vakıfların varlığı temelde gayrimenkule dayanmaktadır. Vakıflar idaresindeki taşınmazların fazla oluşu, taşınmaz bilgilerine erişim ve taşınmazlar üzerindeki değişimlerin takip edilmesinde karşılaşılan güçlükler nedeniyle vakıf taşınmazlarının yönetiminde çeşitli sorunlar yaşanmaktadır. Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü, e- devlet stratejisi altında, kurum bünyesindeki ihtiyaçlara cevap verecek şekilde tasarlanan Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemi (CBS) kurma çalışmalarına başlayarak, Vakıflar Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemini 2008 yılında hayata geçirmiştir. Kurulan bilgi sistemi, Infoanalystpro Konumsal Analiz Programı ve WebGIS olarak adlandırılan iki uygulamadan oluşmaktadır. Ancak uygulamada, Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğünün geliştirmiş olduğu bilgi sisteminin kullanımı sırasında bazı eksiklikler ve problemlerle karşılaşılmaktadır. Bu da en başta verilerin zamanında güncellenememesine sebep olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, mevcut sistemdeki sorunlar dikkate alınarak, Samsun Vakıflar Bölge Müdürlüğü’nün mülklerinin takibinin sağlanması, envanterlerinin çıkarılması, taşınmazların etkin ve verimli bir biçimde yönetilebilmesi için CBS tabanlı bir Vakıf Bilgi Sistemi tasarlanmış ve geliştirilmiştir.Foundations are communities constituted from movable or real estate properties. The possession of foundations is essentially based on real estates. Starting the works of building the Geographical Information System (GIS) that is designed in a way to meet the needs within the body of the institution under the strategy of e-government, General Directorate for Foundations accomplished the Geographical Information System for Foundations in 2008. The information system is comprised of two parts, which are called Infoanalystpro Spatial Analysis Program and WebGIS. However, some deficiencies and problems are encountered during the use of the information system built by the General Directorate for Foundations in practice. This causes the disability to update the data in time. In this study, taking the problems in the present system into account, a GIS-based Foundation Information System was designed and developed for the purpose of following the properties of Samsun Regional Directorate for Foundations, taking the inventory and administrating the real estate efficiently

الناصية وأثرىا على قدرة التفكير من منظور القرآن

الملخص الناصية وعلاقتها بقدرة التفكير في منظور القرآن هذا البحث يبحث في الناصية وعلاقتها بقدرة التفكير في القرآن، منطلقا من تطور العلوم والتكنولوجيا بشكل سريع في جميع أنحاء العالم، حيث يحتاج الإنسان إلى تطور فكري مسايرة لتطور الزمان حاليا. إن الناصية جزء من مخ الإنسان يقع في مقدم الرأس، ويسيطر على أمور أعضاء الجسد ويدير مهماتها المحددة. فالناصية تسمى أيضا بالمخ الكبير الذي يتحكّم على الحالات النفسية المتعلقة بالذكاء، والذاكرة، والشعور، والرأي. ويهدف هذا البحث إلى معرفة الآيات القرآنية المتعلقة بالناصية وعلاقتها بقدرة التفكير، مستخدما منهج الدراسة المكتبية لجمع المعلومات والطريقة الموضوعية للتفسير، ثم تحلل المعلومات بأسلوب وصفي. وأما نتائج البحث فتشير إلى أن الناصية لها مميزات وعجائب، حيث تصدق ما أخبر به القرآن حولها، وهي مسيطرة على سلوك الإنسان. وعليه، فالناصية لها دور في تفكير الإنسان، ولا بد من حمايتها لأنها جزء مهمّ في حياة الفرد؛ فإذا فسدت الناصية فسد عقله وأفكاره. الكلمات الدليلة: الناصية، العلاقة، التفكي

Estimation of the Coastline Changes Using LIDAR

In recent years, sustainable development has been a very popular subject. Sustainable development allows economic growth, social welfare and environmental protection to enhance each other. The management of environmental resources in accordance with the principles of sustainable development has become crucial in many areas including coastal resources. Integrated Coastal Zone Management is one of the tools to achieve this goal. Coastal zones involve many different elements of development and interaction and these elements change due to natural or human factors. Temporal change in coastal zones is reflected on the coast line. Coast line advance and retreat cause major changes on coastal zones. One of the most basic elements of Integrated Coastal Zone Management is the accurate determination of coastal line. For this purpose, tools such as remote sensing, photogrammetry, terrestrial measurements, GPS technology and LIDAR systems, which have been actively used in recent years, are used. In this study, the use of LIDAR technology in order to examine coastline changes was investigated. The coast line was automatically determined using LIDAR measurements of the same area from 2007, 2008 and 2009, and change analysis was made