30 research outputs found

    Cranometric variability in brown bears of the Russian Far East

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    Morphometric analysis of 282 skulls of the brown bear Ursus arctos from the Far Eastern part of the range was carried out. The presence of two morphological clusters for both males and females is shown. Samples from two clusters were compared with their geographical location and subspecies. It was found that one cluster or another had no specific reference to the particular region or subspecies of a particular cluster, only the superiority of one over the other in a cluster of different subspecies and regions was changed. A comparison with the spread of brown bear genetic lines in the Far East of Russia is made. It was noted that the precise distribution of a particular cluster to a specific genetic line of haplotypes was not found

    Nematode fauna of the digestive tract of Siberian roe deer in Primorsky Krai

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    The purpose of the research is to supplement information on the species composition of helminths of the Siberian roe deer.Materials and methods. Digestive tracts of seven Siberian roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) that died from various causes in Primorsky Krai (Russian Far East) from October 2017 to December 2020 were examined for the presence of helminths. Taxonomic differentiation of detected helminths was carried out basing their morphological peculiarities.Results and discussion. In all studied individuals of Siberian roe deer, only representatives of Nematoda were found. All of the nematodes were found in the abomasa. No helminths were detected in other parts of the digestive tract. There were found three species of Trichostrongylidae: Spiculopteragia spiculoptera, S. asymmetrica and Mazamastrongylus dagestanica. In addition, one species from Spiruridae, Pygarginema skrjabini, was detected. S. spiculoptera was found in all of the examined Siberian roe deer, thus, this species of nematode showed the highest extensity of infection in the study. The highest intensity of infection was noted for S. asymmetrica. And M. dagestanica was found only in one of the studied Siberian roe deer, in single specimens. P. skrjabini was found in single specimens in two of the studied Siberian roe deer. The species S. asymmetrica was recorded in Siberian roe deer for the first time

    Biochemical Content of Cambium of Abies nephrolepis

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    The peculiarity of bears behavior of stripping of bark is typical for all species. We have described the damage to trees, by Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) and brown bear (U. arctos) in Primorsky Krai and by brown bears on the Sakhalin Island during 1998–2015. In this study, we studied the damaged bark of the tree only in cases where it was clear that part of the cambium was eaten by bears. Cambium of species Abies nephrolepis is the most preferred for bear consumption in Primorsky Krai. We distinguished very large seasonal fluctuations in the amount of its consumption. The greatest interest of bears in this kind of food is in the summer time. We have analyzed the composition of the cambium of A. nephrolepis. These results suggest that the important purpose of the use of this kind of food is to restore and maintain the normal functioning of the intestines

    Helminth zoonoses of wild carnivore mammals in the Primorsky Krai of the Russian Far East

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    The purpose of the research is to examine the helminthological status of wild carnivore mammals inhabiting the territory of the Primorsky Krai and to give an epidemiological assessment of their role in maintaining the natural foci of zoonotic infections.Materials and methods. Feces of carnivores were collected in natural habitats of wild animals. Species of animals were identified by the characteristic features of feces and animal tracks. The shape, size, texture and composition of feces were analyzed. The samples were placed in containers with 5% formalin. A part of the material was stored in native form at -12 ΒΊΠ‘. Muscle tissue samples were obtained from animal carcasses. Feces were examined by flotation techniques with a solution of zinc sulfate, the formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation technique and using an ammonium nitrate solution. After the study, the samples were disinfected by autoclaving at a pressure of 1.5 atm for 2 hours. Muscle tissue samples were examined by digesting in artificial gastric juice using the Gastros device. The species of Trichinella sp. larvae isolated from the positive samples were identified using the nucleotide sequences. In total, 444 feces samples from 13 species of wild carnivore mammals and 449 muscle tissue samples from 13 species were examined.Results and discussion. Wild carnivore mammals inhabiting the territory of the Russian Far East are often infected with various species of helminths localized in the intestine and tissues, which are causative agents of dangerous parasitic zoonoses. A total of 9 species of helminthes in the Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris altaica), 3 species in the Amur leopard (P. pardus orientalis), 2 species in the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), 4 species in the leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis), 5 species in the sable (Martes zibellina), 2 species in the yellow-throated marten (M. flavigula), 5 species in the Siberian weasel (Mustela sibirica), 1 species in the American mink (Neovison vison), 2 species in the Asian badger (Meles leucurus), 8 species in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), 2 species in the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides), and 9 species in the brown bear and Asiatic black bear (Ursus arctos and U. thibetanus) were identified at studying of 444 feces samples of wild carnivore mammals in the Primorsky Krai. Among the detected helminths were highly pathogenic for humans: Toxocara cati, Paragonimus westermani and nematodes of the family Capillariidae. Trichinella sp. larvae were detected in 96 samples in the study of 449 samples of muscle tissue from wild carnivore mammals. The above types of helminths are of zoonotic nature. The pathogenic role of accidental infection with helminth species Baylisascaris transfuga has not yet been revealed in humans, that makes this type of bear ascaride potentially dangerous for humans. The studies have shown the widespread prevalence of helminth zoonoses in the Primorsky Krai. These data will help to organize properly the work of people whose jobs involve contact with wild animals

    Phenology of brown bear breeding season and related geographical cues

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    Β© 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited[EN] Knowledge about breeding biology is often incomplete in species with complex reproductive strategies. The brown bear Ursus arctos is a polygamous seasonal breeder inhabiting a wide variety of habitats and environmental conditions. We compiled information about brown bear breeding season dates from 36 study areas across their distribution range in the Palearctic and Nearctic regions and investigated how their breeding phenology relates to geographical factors (latitude, photoperiod, altitude and region). Brown bear matings were observed for 8 months, from April to November, with a peak in May–July. We found a 59-day difference in the onset of bear breeding season among study areas, with an average 2.3 days delay for each degree of latitude northwards. The onset of the breeding season showed a strong relationship with photoperiod and latitude, but not with region (i.e. Palearctic vs Nearctic) and altitude. First observations of bear mating occurred earlier in areas at lower latitudes. Photoperiod ranged between 14 and 18 hours at the beginning of the season for most of the study areas. The duration of the breeding season ranged from 25 to 138 days among study areas. None of the investigated factors was related to the length of the breeding season. Our results support the relevance of photoperiod to the onset of breeding, as found in other ursids, but not a shorter breeding season at higher latitudes, a pattern reported in other mammals. Our findings suggest a marked seasonality of bear reproductive behaviour, but also certain level of plasticity. Systematic field observations of breeding behaviour are needed to increase our knowledge on the factors determining mating behaviour in species with complex systems and how these species may adapt to climate change.SIWe thank Marjan Artnak, Peter Bajc, Matic Brenk, TomΓ‘Ε‘ Flajs, UroΕ‘ GrΕΎelj, Robert Hlavica, AleΕ‘ Jagodnik, Peter Klančar, Anton Marinčič, Mariusz NΔ™dzyΕ„ski, Borut Semenič and Vladimir Vician for providing information about their observations of bear mating. Robert Gatzka assisted with data collection in the Biezszcady Mountains. We thank Jon Swenson and Jumpei Tomiyasu for their help in the literature search. AGR and NS were supported by the BearConnect project funded by the National Science Centre in Poland (2016/22/Z/NZ8/00121) through the 2015-2016 BiodivERsA COFUND call for research proposals, with the national funders ANR/DLR-PT/UEFISCDI/NCN/RCN. Additional funding from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (project NN304- 294037, NS, IEC, KB), the National Science Centre in Poland (project DEC-2013/08/M/NZ9/ 00469, NS), the National Centre for Research and Development (GLOBE, POL-NOR/198352/85/ 2013, NS, TZK, FZ) and Slovenian Research Agency (P4-0059, MK) is acknowledged. AGR and NS conceived the study and wrote a first draft of the paper; AGR and NS compiled the data, AGR analyzed the data; all authors provided data and comments that improved the manuscript. We thank two anonymous reviewers for useful comments on the previous versions of the manuscript

    Π“Π΅Π»ΡŒΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ·Ρ‹ Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈΡ… Ρ…ΠΈΡ‰Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π² ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡ€ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΡ€Π°Π΅ Π”Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Востока Π Π€

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    The purpose of the research is to examine the helminthological status of wild carnivore mammals inhabiting the territory of the Primorsky Krai and to give an epidemiological assessment of their role in maintaining the natural foci of zoonotic infections.Materials and methods. Feces of carnivores were collected in natural habitats of wild animals. Species of animals were identified by the characteristic features of feces and animal tracks. The shape, size, texture and composition of feces were analyzed. The samples were placed in containers with 5% formalin. A part of the material was stored in native form at -12 ΒΊΠ‘. Muscle tissue samples were obtained from animal carcasses. Feces were examined by flotation techniques with a solution of zinc sulfate, the formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation technique and using an ammonium nitrate solution. After the study, the samples were disinfected by autoclaving at a pressure of 1.5 atm for 2 hours. Muscle tissue samples were examined by digesting in artificial gastric juice using the Gastros device. The species of Trichinella sp. larvae isolated from the positive samples were identified using the nucleotide sequences. In total, 444 feces samples from 13 species of wild carnivore mammals and 449 muscle tissue samples from 13 species were examined.Results and discussion. Wild carnivore mammals inhabiting the territory of the Russian Far East are often infected with various species of helminths localized in the intestine and tissues, which are causative agents of dangerous parasitic zoonoses. A total of 9 species of helminthes in the Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris altaica), 3 species in the Amur leopard (P. pardus orientalis), 2 species in the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), 4 species in the leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis), 5 species in the sable (Martes zibellina), 2 species in the yellow-throated marten (M. flavigula), 5 species in the Siberian weasel (Mustela sibirica), 1 species in the American mink (Neovison vison), 2 species in the Asian badger (Meles leucurus), 8 species in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), 2 species in the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides), and 9 species in the brown bear and Asiatic black bear (Ursus arctos and U. thibetanus) were identified at studying of 444 feces samples of wild carnivore mammals in the Primorsky Krai. Among the detected helminths were highly pathogenic for humans: Toxocara cati, Paragonimus westermani and nematodes of the family Capillariidae. Trichinella sp. larvae were detected in 96 samples in the study of 449 samples of muscle tissue from wild carnivore mammals. The above types of helminths are of zoonotic nature. The pathogenic role of accidental infection with helminth species Baylisascaris transfuga has not yet been revealed in humans, that makes this type of bear ascaride potentially dangerous for humans. The studies have shown the widespread prevalence of helminth zoonoses in the Primorsky Krai. These data will help to organize properly the work of people whose jobs involve contact with wild animals.ЦСль исслСдований – ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π³Π΅Π»ΡŒΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ статус Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈΡ… Ρ…ΠΈΡ‰Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ…, ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π½Π° Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡ€ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ края, ΠΈ Π΄Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΡƒ ΠΈΡ… Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΡ‡Π°Π³ΠΎΠ² Π·ΠΎΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠΉ.ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. Π€Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΈ Ρ…ΠΈΡ‰Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… собирали Π² СстСствСнных Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΏΠ°Ρ… Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ…. Π’ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡƒΡŽ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΉ опрСдСляли ΠΏΠΎ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌ ΠΈ слСдам ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ…. Анализировали Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡƒ, Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€, ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΡΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΈ состав Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΉ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ‰Π°Π»ΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉΠ½Π΅Ρ€Ρ‹ с 5%-Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ. Π§Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Π° Ρ…Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² Π½Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ –12 ΒΊΠ‘. ΠžΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†Ρ‹ ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚ Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ…. Π€Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΈ исслСдовали Ρ„Π»ΠΎΡ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ с раствором ΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ„Π°Ρ‚Π° Ρ†ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ°, ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ этилацСтат-Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ осаТдСния ΠΈ с использованиСм раствора Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΈΠ°Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ сСлитры. ПослС исслСдования ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†Ρ‹ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΠΎΠ±Π΅Π·Π·Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π²ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 2 Ρ‡ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ 1,5 Π°Ρ‚ΠΌ. ΠžΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†Ρ‹ ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ исслСдовали ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ пСрСваривания ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ± Π² искусствСнном ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΌ сокС с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π° Gastros. Π’ΠΈΠ΄ Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊ Trichinella sp., Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±, опрСдСляли Π½Π° основании Π½ΡƒΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΉ. ВсСго происслСдовано 444 ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΉ 13 Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈΡ… Ρ…ΠΈΡ‰Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΈ 449 ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ± ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ 13 Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ².Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΈ обсуТдСниС. Π”ΠΈΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Ρ…ΠΈΡ‰Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ Π”Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Востока России, часто Π±Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π·Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‹ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π³Π΅Π»ΡŒΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΈΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡ возбудитСлями опасных Π°Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ². ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ исслСдовании 444 ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ± Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈΡ… Ρ…ΠΈΡ‰Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π² ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡ€ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΡ€Π°Π΅ Ρƒ амурского Ρ‚ΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π° (Panthera tigris altaica) выявлСно 9 Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π³Π΅Π»ΡŒΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², Ρƒ амурского Π»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π΄Π° (P. Pardus orientalis) – 3, Ρƒ Свразийской рыси (Lynx lynx) – 2, Ρƒ бСнгальского ΠΊΠΎΡ‚Π° (Prionailurus bengalensis) – 4, Ρƒ соболя (Martes zibellina) – 5, Ρƒ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π·Ρ‹ (M. flavigula) – 2, Ρƒ сибирского ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠ° (Mustela sibirica) – 5, Ρƒ амСриканской Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΊΠΈ (Neovison vison) – 1, Ρƒ азиатского барсука (Meles leucurus) – 2, Ρƒ лисицы (Vulpes vulpes) – 8, Ρƒ Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ собаки (Nyctereutes procyonoides) – 2 ΠΈ Ρƒ Π±ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ гималайского ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅ΠΉ (Ursus arctos, U. thibetanus) – 9 Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ². Π‘Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π³Π΅Π»ΡŒΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ высоко ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ для Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°: Toxocara cati, Paragonimus westermani ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ сСм. Π‘aΡ€illariidae. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ исслСдовании 449 ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ± ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈΡ… Ρ…ΠΈΡ‰Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π² 96 выявлСны Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΈ Trichinella sp. Π’Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡ΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ‹ Π³Π΅Π»ΡŒΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‚ Π·ΠΎΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ·Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ. ΠŸΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ случайном Π·Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π³Π΅Π»ΡŒΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° Baylisascaris transfuga Π½Π° сСгодняшний дСнь Ρƒ Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π°, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π΅Ρ‚ этот Π²ΠΈΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ опасным для людСй. ИсслСдования ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ ΠΎ ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ распространСнии Π³Π΅Π»ΡŒΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡ€ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ края. ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρƒ людСй, Ρ‡ΡŒΡ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ прСдусматриваСт ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡ‚Ρ‹ с Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ‚Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ

    Geological nature of mineral licks and the reasons for geophagy among animals

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    In this paper, the reasons for geophagy (the eating of rocks by wild herbivores) in two regions of the eastern Sikhote-Alin volcanic belt are considered. The mineralogical and chemical features of the consumed rocks, as well as the geological conditions of their formation, are investigated. A comparative analysis of the mineral and chemical composition of the consumed rocks and the excrement of the animals, almost completely consisting of mineral substances, is carried out. It is established that the consumed rocks are hydrothermally altered rhyolitic tuffs located in the volcanic calderas and early Cenozoic volcano-tectonic depressions. They consist of 30–65β€―% from zeolites (mainly clinoptilolites) and smectites, possessing powerful sorption properties. According to the obtained data, the main reason for geophagy may be connected with the animals' urge to discard excessive and toxic concentrations of certain elements that are widespread in specific habitats and ingested with forage plants

    Π€Π°ΡƒΠ½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΈΡ‰Π΅Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π° сибирской косули Π² ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡ€ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΡ€Π°Π΅

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    The purpose of the research is to supplement information on the species composition of helminths of the Siberian roe deer.Materials and methods. Digestive tracts of seven Siberian roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) that died from various causes in Primorsky Krai (Russian Far East) from October 2017 to December 2020 were examined for the presence of helminths. Taxonomic differentiation of detected helminths was carried out basing their morphological peculiarities.Results and discussion. In all studied individuals of Siberian roe deer, only representatives of Nematoda were found. All of the nematodes were found in the abomasa. No helminths were detected in other parts of the digestive tract. There were found three species of Trichostrongylidae: Spiculopteragia spiculoptera, S. asymmetrica and Mazamastrongylus dagestanica. In addition, one species from Spiruridae, Pygarginema skrjabini, was detected. S. spiculoptera was found in all of the examined Siberian roe deer, thus, this species of nematode showed the highest extensity of infection in the study. The highest intensity of infection was noted for S. asymmetrica. And M. dagestanica was found only in one of the studied Siberian roe deer, in single specimens. P. skrjabini was found in single specimens in two of the studied Siberian roe deer. The species S. asymmetrica was recorded in Siberian roe deer for the first time.   ЦСль исслСдований – Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ свСдСния ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ составС Π³Π΅Π»ΡŒΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² сибирской косули.ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. Π’ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ с октября 2017 ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π±Ρ€ΡŒ 2020 Π³. Π½Π° Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π΅Π»ΡŒΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ исслСдованы ΠΏΠΈΡ‰Π΅Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Ρ‹ ΠΎΡ‚ сСми особСй сибирских ΠΊΠΎΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒ (Capreolus pygargus), ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ±ΡˆΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌ Π½Π° Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡ€ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ края (Π”Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Восток России). Π’Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ Π΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π³Π΅Π»ΡŒΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ особСнностям ΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ.Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΈ обсуТдСниС. Π£ всСх исслСдованных особСй сибирских ΠΊΠΎΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‹ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ прСдставитСли Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠ° Nematoda. ВсС Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π² содСрТимом сычуга, Π² Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ… ΠΏΠΈΡ‰Π΅Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π° Π³Π΅Π»ΡŒΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹. Π‘Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‹ Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΈΠ· сСмСйства Trichostrongylidae: Spiculopteragia spiculoptera, S. asymmetrica ΠΈ Mazamastrongylus dagestanica. ΠšΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ ΠΈΠ· сСмСйства Spiruridae – Pygarginema skrjabini. НаиболСС высокий ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒ экстСнсивности ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ для S. spiculoptera; этот Π²ΠΈΠ΄ Π±Ρ‹Π» зарСгистрирован Ρƒ всСх исслСдованных особСй сибирских ΠΊΠΎΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒ. НаиболСС высокий ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒ интСнсивности ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ для Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° S. asymmetrica. НСматода M. dagestanica ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° Π² Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… экзСмплярах лишь Ρƒ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· исслСдованных сибирских ΠΊΠΎΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒ. Π‘ΠΏΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡ€ΠΈΠ΄Ρ‹ P. skrjabini Π² Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… экзСмплярах Π½Π°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Ρƒ Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ… ΠΊΠΎΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒ. Π’ΠΈΠ΄ S. asymmetrica зарСгистрирован Ρƒ сибирской косули Π²ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹Π΅.

    Distemper, extinction, and vaccination of the Amur tiger

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    Canine distemper virus (CDV) has recently emerged as an extinction threat for the endangered Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica). CDV is vaccine-preventable, and control strategies could require vaccination of domestic dogs and/or wildlife populations. However, vaccination of endangered wildlife remains controversial, which has led to a focus on interventions in domestic dogs, often assumed to be the source of infection. Effective decision making requires an understanding of the true reservoir dynamics, which poses substantial challenges in remote areas with diverse host communities. We carried out serological, demographic, and phylogenetic studies of dog and wildlife populations in the Russian Far East to show that a number of wildlife species are more important than dogs, both in maintaining CDV and as sources of infection for tigers. Critically, therefore, because CDV circulates among multiple wildlife sources, dog vaccination alone would not be effective at protecting tigers. We show, however, that low-coverage vaccination of tigers themselves is feasible and would produce substantive reductions in extinction risks. Vaccination of endangered wildlife provides a valuable component of conservation strategies for endangered species
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