Patterns of active and passive smoking, and associated factors, in the South-east Anatolian Project (SEAP) region in Turkey

BACKGROUND: Smoking is an important health threat in Turkey. This study aimed to determine the frequency of and main factors associated with smoking in persons of 15 years and over, and the frequency of passive smoking in homes in the South-east Anatolian Project (SEAP) Region in Turkey. METHODS: A cross sectional design was employed. The sample waschosen by the State Institute of Statistics using a stratified cluster probability sampling method. 1126 houses representing the SEAP Region were visited. Questionnaires about tobacco smoking and related factors were applied to 2166 women and 1906 men (of 15 years old and above) in their homes. Face-to-face interview methods were employed. Participants were classified as current, ex, and non-smokers. The presence of a regular daily smoker in a house was used as an indication of passive smoking. The chi-square andlogistic regressionanalysis methods were used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of smoking, in those of 15 years and over, was 11.8% in women and 49.7% in men. The prevalence of current smokers was higher in urban (34.5 %) than in rural (22.8 %) regions. The mean of total cigarette consumption was 6.5 packs/year in women and 17.9 packs/year in men. There was at least one current smoker in 70.1% of the houses. CONCLUSION: Smoking is a serious problem in the South-eastern Anatolian Region. Male gender, middle age, a high level of education and urban residency were most strongly associated with smoking

A research on the relationship of popular culture and sports

Toplumsal ve kültürel değişmenin bir göstergesi olarak sporun; popüler kültür içerisinde nasıl konumlandırıldığı çalışmanın temel amacını oluşturmaktadır. Sporun, popüler kültürün temel alanlarından biri olduğu düşüncesi, spor eylemi ve tüketimi üzerine yansımaktadır. Bu bağlamda belirli bir katılımcı ölçüsünde gerçekleştirilen uygulama neticesinde, spor ve popüler kültür ilişkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Boş zaman için yapılan bir pratikten, bir yaşam biçimine; kimlik algısı ve statü göstergesinden, kitle psikolojisine; takım ruhundan, tüketim kalıplarındaki değişime; referans gruplarından, kitle iletişim araçları ile özdeşlik kurmaya uzanan boyutlarıyla spor popüler bir kavram olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır.Social and cultural change as an indicator of the sport, how is positioned within popular culture constitutes the main purpose of the study. Sports, the idea that one of the main areas of popular culture, sports action and is refected on consumption. In this context, the extent of the practices implemented as a result of a specifc participant, sports and popular culture was evaluated. For your leisure time made a practice of a way of life, sense of identity and status indicators, from mass psychology, team spirit, patterns of consumption to changes in the reference groups, the mass media and identity to establish extending aspects of sports popular as a concept emerges

Diyarbakır’ın Dicle ve Hani İlçelerindeki Köpeklerde Leishmaniasis’in Klinik, Hematolojik ve Biyokimyasal Bulguları, Serolojik Tanısı ve PCR ile Tiplendirilmesi

Leishmaniasis, halk arasında tatarcık olarak bilinen Phlebotominae sineklerinin kan emerken bulaştırdıkları, Leishmania spp. tarafından meydana getirilen insan ve hayvanlarda ölümcül olabilen paraziter bir hastalıktır. Ülkemizde Visseral leishmaniasis olguları başta Ege ve Akdeniz bölgeleri olmak üzere bütün bölgelerimizde görülmektedir. Akdeniz ülkelerinde yapılan çalışmalarda köpeklerde Visseral leishmaniasisin oldukça yaygın olduğu ve köpeklerin L.infantum için rezervuar oldukları bildirilmektedir. Bu çalışma Mayıs-Haziran 2013 tarihleri arasında Diyarbakır’ın Dicle (Dede ve Durabeyli köyleri) ve Hani (sergen ve çardaklı köyleri) ilçelerindeki sahipli köpeklerde canine leishmaniasis seroprevalansının araştırılması amacıyla yapılmıştır. Tekniğine uygun olarak 120 köpeğin vena cephalica antebrachii’lerinden EDTA’lı ve EDTA’sız tüplere kan örneği alındı. Alınan örnekler Rapid test, IFAT, PCR ile incelendi ve köpeklerin tamamı leishmaniasis yönünden negatif bulundu. Benzer çalışmaların bölgedeki sahipsiz köpekleri de kapsayacak şekilde yapılmasının daha iyi sonuçlar doğuracağı kanaatindeyiz

Association between household conditions and diarrheal diseases among children in Turkey: A cohort study

Background: This aim of the present study was to estimate the frequency of diarrheal diseases among children as well as investigating the relationship between diarrheal diseases and household conditions and other factors. Methods: The study was performed over 12 month period in Binevler Health Center, Gaziantep, Turkey. Five health stations were selected by using a sampling technique with probability proportional to size, and all households with children under the age of 5 years were visited. A questionnaire on diarrhea, household conditions, socioeconomic status of the family and individual characteristics of the children was applied to the mothers by doctors. Three composite indices, including household conditions, socioeconomic status of the family and individual status of the children, were prepared and a classification was made as good, mild or poor in order to better evaluate the results of the study. Daily recordings of diarrheal disease symptoms were made by the parents and these records were collected every month for 1 year. Results: The annual mean incidence of diarrheal diseases was found to be 1.09 per child per year (median = 1). The mean was higher in children with poor household conditions (1.48 ± 0.12) and with poor individual status (1.48 ± 0.14), compared with good household conditions (0.76 ± 0.07) and good individual status (0.71 ± 0.08). The mean was also higher in children aged between 6 and 11 months (1.51 ± 0.18), whose father graduated from primary school or lower (1.34 ± 0.09) and with parents having no habit of washing their hands before taking care of the child (2.00 ± 0.33). Person-month and case-month incidence rates of diarrhea were calculated to be 8.56 and 9.12%, respectively. Conclusions: Household conditions, individual status, age, education level of fathers and parents' habit of washing hands before taking care of the child were major factors affecting the incidence of diarrhea

Abomasal impaction due to sand accumulation in two cows

Introduction - Abomasal impaction is rarely encountered in cattle and is characterized by the drying of the abomasal content and the enlargement of the abomasum as a result of the abnormal accumulation of solid matter in the organ. Aim - This manuscript aims at reporting the occurrence of the rarely encountered abomasal impaction in Turkey. Materials and methods - Two five-year-old dairy cows presenting with symptoms of inappetence, lethargy and constipation constituted the material of the study. Based on the clinical symptoms and necropsy findings, the animals were diagnosed with abomasal impaction. Result and discussion - The body temperature, heart rate and respiratory frequency of the animals, which were slightly dehydrated, were within the normal ranges. Abdominal auscultation revealed reduced rumen contractions and bowel sounds were not heard. On palpation of the right abdominal wall, a large and hard mass was detected, while percussion was associated with a moaning sound. Post-mortem examination revealed the presence of a blood-tinged, dry abomasal content of hard consistency, composed of roughage and foreign substances, including soil, sand and gravel. Conclusion - In animals given feed and water containing mud or sand, sand may accumulate in the abomasum and lead to fatal impaction cases, resulting in significant economic losses. Animals displaying signs of chronic weight loss, ruminal tympany and constipation are recommended to be evaluated for abomasal impaction

Bir Erkek Keçide Ürolithiazis Olgusu

Çalışmanın materyalini 2-3 gündür idrar yapamama, sancı ve iştahsızlık şikayeti ile Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi İç Hastalıkları Kliniği’ne getirilen 1,5-2 yaşlı bir erkek keçi oluşturdu. Hastanın klinik muayenesinde ayakta durmakta güçlük, abdominal gerginlik, anal bölge ile prepisyum çevresinde ödem, prepisyumun uç kısmında kuruluk ve küçük taşlar saptandı. Nabız frekansı 119/dk, solunum frekansı 32/dk ve vücut ısı 36.9 °C olarak tespit edilen hayvana, kan ve idrar örneklerinin laboratuar analiz sonuçları ile otopsi bulgularına göre ürolithiazis tanısı konuldu