Stratified Water of a Glacial Lake in Northern Ellesmere Island

Antoinette Bay constitutes the central arm of Greely Fiord and extends 40 km. east-northeastward from its junction with Tanquary Fiord in about 80°50'N, 79°W. A large tidewater glacier, flowing northwestward from the Mer de Glace Agassiz to the southeast, has blocked off the head of the bay (or, more properly, fiord) and separates it from the long narrow lake that is the natural extension of the fiord to the east. We visited Antoinette Bay and the lake on June 2 and 3, 1963 during the course of an oceanographic traverse over the sea-ice from the field station of the Defence Research Board at the head of Tanquary Fiord. Antoinette Bay is a typical steep-sided fiord; a single sounding, taken 10 km. from its mouth, showed no bottom at 240 m. The lake, which is unnamed, was visited on the chance of finding interesting structural and temperature conditions in the lake water. ..

Fresh Water Anchor Ice Along an Arctic Beach

Anchor ice is broadly defined ... as "submerged ice attached or anchored to the bottom, irrespective of the nature of its formation". We discuss here a form of anchor ice of which we can find no previous description. During August 1978 and 1979 we observed a belt of fresh-water anchor ice along 30 km of beach between Sheringham Point and Prospect Hills in southwest Cornwallis Island, N.W.T. ..

Fresh Water Anchor Ice Along an Arctic Beach

Anchor ice is broadly defined ... as "submerged ice attached or anchored to the bottom, irrespective of the nature of its formation". We discuss here a form of anchor ice of which we can find no previous description. During August 1978 and 1979 we observed a belt of fresh-water anchor ice along 30 km of beach between Sheringham Point and Prospect Hills in southwest Cornwallis Island, N.W.T. ..

An Unusual Polynya in an Arctic Fjord

M. Dunbar (1957) called attention to the existence of a small circular polynya about 50 m in diameter in Cambridge Fiord in northern Baffin Island for which there was no obvious explanation. Other small polynyas are known in arctic fjords which are usually the result of turbulent mixing in areas of strong currents (Sadler 1974), but Cambridge Fiord is 100 km long, its tidal range is small, and the polynya is situated within 300 m of the delta face at the head of the fjord so that strong turbulence is very unlikely. The annual reappearance of the polynya in late winter is confirmed by a series of aerial survey photographs taken by the Royal Canadian Air Force between 1952 and 1957 and also by reports from Inuit hunters from Pond Inlet. It is first seen within about two weeks of 15 March appearing in exactly the same position each year as a circle with a diameter of about 40 m. Over a period of about a week, a lead extends from the polynya to the shore and open water is visible in the tide crack for several hundred metres either side of the shore end of the lead. The lead, unlike the polynya, changes its position from year to year, but once formed it remains fixed until general break-up (Figure 1)

Observations of Ice Drift from a Manned Drifting Station in the Gulf of St. Lawrence

The positioning of a drifting ice floe was recorded every 10 minutes during a six-day period by means of a Decca navigational system and by direct wind observations on the floe. The observations showed that the ice floe took part in the tidal regime. Maximum correlation between wind and residual ice drift speeds (tidal effect eliminated) was achieved in less than 2 hours