Digital twin for supply chain master planning in zero-defect manufacturing

[EN] Recently, many novel paradigms, concepts and technologies, which lay the foundation for the new revolution in manufacturing environments, have emerged and make it faster to address critical decisions today in supply chain 4.0 (SC4.0), with flexibility, resilience, sustainability and quality criteria. The current power of computational resources enables intelligent optimisation algorithms to process manufacturing data in such a way, that simulating supply chain (SC) planning performance in real time is now possible, which allows relevant information to be acquired so that SC nodes are digitally interconnected. This paper proposes a conceptual framework based on a digital twin (DT) to model, optimise and prescribe a SC¿s master production schedule (MPS) in a zero-defect environment. The proposed production technologies focus on the scientific development and resolution of new models and optimisation algorithms for the MPS problem in SC4.0.The research leading to these results received funding from the EuropeanUnion H2020 Program with grant agreement No. 825631 Zero Defect Manufacturing Platform(ZDMP) and with grant agreement No. 958205 Industrial Data Services for Quality Control inSmart Manufacturing (i4Q) and from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities under grant agreement RTI2018-101344-B-I00 Optimisation of zero-defects productiontechnologies enabling supply chains 4.0 (CADS4.0).Serrano, JC.; Mula, J.; Poler, R. (2021). Digital twin for supply chain master planning in zero-defect manufacturing. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology. 626:102-111. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78288-7_1010211162

Toward smart manufacturing scheduling from an ontological approach of job-shop uncertainty sources

[EN] An integral application of the enabling technologies of Industry 4.0 in the job-shop scheduling problem (JSSP) must contemplate the automation and autonomy of the involved decision-making processes as a goal, which is the main purpose of the smart manufacturing scheduling (SMS) paradigm. In a real production context, uncertainty acts as a barrier that hinders this goal being met and, therefore, any SMS model should integrate uncertainty generators in one way or another. This paper proposes an ontological framework that identifies and structures the entities shaping the joint domain formed by the job-shop scheduling process in its itinerary toward the SMS paradigm, the sources of uncertainty that it faces, and the interrelationship type that link these entities. This ontological framework will serve in future research as a conceptual basis to design new quantitative models that, from a holistic perspective, will address the stochasticity of manufacturing environments and incorporate the management of disturbances into the realtime resolution of automatic and autonomous job-shop scheduling.The research leading to these results received funding from grant RTI2018-101344-B-I00 of MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and ¿ERDF A way of making Europe¿, from the Regional Department of Innovation, Universities, Science and Digital Society of the Generalitat Valenciana entitled "Industrial Production and Logistics Optimization in Industry 4.0" (i4OPT) (Ref. PROMETEO/2021/065)", and from the European Union H2020 programs with grant agreements No. 825631 ¿Zero-Defect Manufacturing Platform (ZDMP)¿, No. 872548 "Fostering DIHs for Embedding Interoperability in Cyber-Physical Systems of European SMEs (DIH4CPS)", and No. 958205 ¿Industrial Data Services for Quality Control in Smart Manufacturing (i4Q)¿.Serrano-Ruiz, JC.; Mula, J.; Poler, R. (2022). Toward smart manufacturing scheduling from an ontological approach of job-shop uncertainty sources. IFAC-PapersOnLine. 55(2):150-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.04.18515015555

Smart manufacturing scheduling: A literature review

[EN] Within the scheduling framework, the potential of digital twin (DT) technology, based on virtualisation and intelligent algorithms to simulate and optimise manufacturing, enables an interaction with processes and modifies their course of action in time synchrony in the event of disruptive events. This is a valuable capability for automating scheduling and confers it autonomy. Automatic and autonomous scheduling management can be encouraged by promoting the elimination of disruptions due to the appearance of defects, regardless of their origin. Hence the zero-defect manufacturing (ZDM) management model oriented towards zero-disturbance and zero-disruption objectives has barely been studied. Both strategies combine the optimisation of production processes by implementing DTs and promoting ZDM objectives to facilitate the modelling of automatic and autonomous scheduling systems. In this context, this particular vision of the scheduling process is called smart manufacturing scheduling (SMS). The aim of this paper is to review the existing scientific literature on the scheduling problem that considers the DT technology approach and the ZDM model to achieve self-management and reduce or eliminate the need for human intervention. Specifically, 68 research articles were identified and analysed. The main results of this paper are to: (i) find methodological trends to approach SMS models, where three trends were identified; i.e. using DT technology and the ZDM model, utilising other enabling digital technologies and incorporating inherent SMS capabilities into scheduling; (ii) present the main SMS alignment axes of each methodological trend; (iii) provide a map to classify the literature that comes the closest to the SMS concept; (iv) discuss the main findings and research gaps identified by this study. Finally, managerial implications and opportunities for further research are identified.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities project entitled 'Optimisation of zero-defects production technologies enabling supply chains 4.0 (CADS4.0) ' (RTI2018-101344-B-I00) , the European Union H2020 research and innovation programme with grant agreement No. 825631 "Zero Defect Manufacturing Platform (ZDMP) " and the European Union H2020 research and innovation programme with agreement No. 958205 "In-dustrial Data Services for Quality Control in Smart Manufacturing (i4Q) ".Serrano-Ruiz, JC.; Mula, J.; Poler, R. (2021). Smart manufacturing scheduling: A literature review. Journal of Manufacturing Systems. 61:265-287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2021.09.0112652876

Development of a multidimensional conceptual model for job shop smart manufacturing scheduling from the Industry 4.0 perspective

[EN] Based on a scientific literature review in the conceptual domain defined by smart manufacturing scheduling (SMS), this article identifies the benefits and limitations of the reviewed contributions, establishes and discusses a set of criteria with which to collect and structure its main synergistic attributes, and devises a conceptual framework that models SMS around three axes: a semantic ontology context, a hierarchical agent structure, and the deep reinforcement learning (DRL) method. The main purpose of such a modelling research is to establish a conceptual and structured relationship framework to improve the efficiency of the job shop scheduling process using the approach defined by SMS. The presented model orients the job shop scheduling process towards greater flexibility, through enhanced rescheduling capability, and towards autonomous operation, mainly supported by the use of machine learning technology. To the best of our knowledge, there are no other similar conceptual models in the literature that synergistically combine the potential of the specific set of Industry 4.0 principles and technologies that model SMS. This research can provide guidance for practitioners and researchers¿ efforts to move toward the digital transformation of job shops.The research leading to these results received funding from the European Union H2020 Programme ,Belgium with grant agreements No. 825631 "Zero-Defect Manufacturing Platform (ZDMP) ", No. 958205 "Industrial Data Services for Quality Control in Smart Manufacturing (i4Q) " and 872548 "Fostering DIHs for Embedding Interoperability in Cyber-Physical Systems of European SMEs (DIH4CPS) ", from Grant RTI2018-101344-B-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by "ERDF A way of making Europe" and the Regional Department of Innovation, Universities, Science and Digital Society of the Generalitat Valenciana entitled "Industrial Production and Logistics Optimization in Industry 4.0" (i4OPT) (Ref. PROMETEO/2021/065).Serrano-Ruiz, JC.; Mula, J.; Poler, R. (2022). Development of a multidimensional conceptual model for job shop smart manufacturing scheduling from the Industry 4.0 perspective. Journal of Manufacturing Systems. 63:185-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2022.03.0111852026

Toward smart manufacturing scheduling from an ontological approach of job-shop uncertainty sources

[EN] An integral application of the enabling technologies of Industry 4.0 in the job-shop scheduling problem (JSSP) must contemplate the automation and autonomy of the involved decision-making processes as a goal, which is the main purpose of the smart manufacturing scheduling (SMS) paradigm. In a real production context, uncertainty acts as a barrier that hinders this goal being met and, therefore, any SMS model should integrate uncertainty generators in one way or another. This paper proposes an ontological framework that identifies and structures the entities shaping the joint domain formed by the job-shop scheduling process in its itinerary toward the SMS paradigm, the sources of uncertainty that it faces, and the interrelationship type that link these entities. This ontological framework will serve in future research as a conceptual basis to design new quantitative models that, from a holistic perspective, will address the stochasticity of manufacturing environments and incorporate the management of disturbances into the realtime resolution of automatic and autonomous job-shop scheduling.The research leading to these results received funding from grant RTI2018-101344-B-I00 of MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and ¿ERDF A way of making Europe¿, from the Regional Department of Innovation, Universities, Science and Digital Society of the Generalitat Valenciana entitled "Industrial Production and Logistics Optimization in Industry 4.0" (i4OPT) (Ref. PROMETEO/2021/065)", and from the European Union H2020 programs with grant agreements No. 825631 ¿Zero-Defect Manufacturing Platform (ZDMP)¿, No. 872548 "Fostering DIHs for Embedding Interoperability in Cyber-Physical Systems of European SMEs (DIH4CPS)", and No. 958205 ¿Industrial Data Services for Quality Control in Smart Manufacturing (i4Q)¿.Serrano-Ruiz, JC.; Mula, J.; Poler, R. (2022). Toward smart manufacturing scheduling from an ontological approach of job-shop uncertainty sources. IFAC-PapersOnLine. 55(2):150-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.04.18515015555

Smart Master Production Schedule for the Supply Chain: A Conceptual Framework

[EN] Risks arising from the effect of disruptions and unsustainable practices constantly push the supply chain to uncompetitive positions. A smart production planning and control process must successfully address both risks by reducing them, thereby strengthening supply chain (SC) resilience and its ability to survive in the long term. On the one hand, the antidisruptive potential and the inherent sustainability implications of the zero-defect manufacturing (ZDM) management model should be highlighted. On the other hand, the digitization and virtualization of processes by Industry 4.0 (I4.0) digital technologies, namely digital twin (DT) technology, enable new simulation and optimization methods, especially in combination with machine learning (ML) procedures. This paper reviews the state of the art and proposes a ZDM strategy-based conceptual framework that models, optimizes and simulates the master production schedule (MPS) problem to maximize service levels in SCs. This conceptual framework will serve as a starting point for developing new MPS optimization models and algorithms in supply chain 4.0 (SC4.0) environments.The research leading to these results received funding from the European Union H2020 Program with grant agreements No. 825631 "Zero-Defect Manufacturing Platform (ZDMP)" and No. 958205 "Industrial Data Services for Quality Control in Smart Manufacturing (i4Q)", and from Grant RTI2018-101344-B-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by "ERDF A way of making Europe".Serrano-Ruiz, JC.; Mula, J.; Poler, R. (2021). Smart Master Production Schedule for the Supply Chain: A Conceptual Framework. Computers. 10(12):1-24. https://doi.org/10.3390/computers10120156124101

Estudio de diagnóstico de la vista del horizonte para la protuberancia del tornillo dorsal después de la fijación de fracturas del radio distal

Objective: The pronator quadratus (PQ) has important functions such as pronation and robust blood supply of metaphysis. However, PQ repair is difficult when using conventional approach, which is necessary to release PQ for volar plate fixation of distal radius fracture. In addition, anatomical reduction is difficult in patients with distal radius metaphyseal comminution fracture. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to compare the results of volar locking plate fixation using PQ sparing technique and conventional volar approach technique for patients with distal radius metaphyseal comminution fracture

Pluripotent stem cell-derived models of retinal disease: Elucidating pathogenesis, evaluating novel treatments, and estimating toxicity

Blindness poses a growing global challenge, with approximately 26% of cases attributed to degenerative retinal diseases. While gene therapy, optogenetic tools, photosensitive switches, and retinal prostheses offer hope for vision restoration, these high-cost therapies will benefit few patients. Understanding retinal diseases is therefore key to advance effective treatments, requiring in vitro models replicating pathology and allowing quantitative assessments for drug discovery. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) provide a unique solution given their limitless supply and ability to differentiate into light-responsive retinal tissues and organoids encompassing all cell types. This review focuses on the history and current state of photoreceptor and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell generation from PSCs. We explore the applications of this technology in disease modelling, experimental therapy testing, biomarker identification, and toxicity studies. We consider challenges in scalability, standardisation, and reproducibility, and stress the importance of incorporating vasculature and immune cells into retinal organoids. We advocate for high-throughput automation in data acquisition and analyses and underscore the value of advanced micro-physiological systems that fully capture the interactions between the neural retina, RPE and the choriocapillaris

Eupatilin Improves Cilia Defects in Human CEP290 Ciliopathy Models

The photoreceptor outer segment is a highly specialized primary cilium that is essential for phototransduction and vision. Biallelic pathogenic variants in the cilia-associated gene CEP290 cause non-syndromic Leber congenital amaurosis 10 (LCA10) and syndromic diseases, where the retina is also affected. While RNA antisense oligonucleotides and gene editing are potential treatment options for the common deep intronic variant c.2991+1655A>G in CEP290, there is a need for variant-independent approaches that could be applied to a broader spectrum of ciliopathies. Here, we generated several distinct human models of CEP290-related retinal disease and investigated the effects of the flavonoid eupatilin as a potential treatment. Eupatilin improved cilium formation and length in CEP290 LCA10 patient-derived fibroblasts, in gene-edited CEP290 knockout (CEP290 KO) RPE1 cells, and in both CEP290 LCA10 and CEP290 KO iPSCs-derived retinal organoids. Furthermore, eupatilin reduced rhodopsin retention in the outer nuclear layer of CEP290 LCA10 retinal organoids. Eupatilin altered gene transcription in retinal organoids by modulating the expression of rhodopsin and by targeting cilia and synaptic plasticity pathways. This work sheds light on the mechanism of action of eupatilin and supports its potential as a variant-independent approach for CEP290-associated ciliopathies

Crianza de animales domésticos como factor de riesgo de fascioliasis humana

The aim of this study was to determine the association of fascioliasis with the breeding of animals, housing characteristics and food consumption of children in the district of Santa María de Chicmo, Apurimac, Peru. Serological samples were taken from 493 children aged 6 to 16 years, males and females, with the informed consent of their parents. The prevalence, determined by the immunoblot technique was 5.3% (95% CI = 3.2% -7.4%, 26/493). The univariate analysis showed that the breeding of cattle and cats, and raising three or more pigs were factors associated with fascioliasis. The breeding of more than five sheep resulted as a protection factor. Fascioliasis in children was not associated with the characteristics of the dwellings or the consumption of food. It is concluded that the district of Santa María de Chicmo is mesoendemic for fascioliasis in children, and that the rearing of some species of domestic animals involves risk of human fascioliasis.  El estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la asociación de fascioliasis con la crianza de animales, características de la vivienda y consumo de alimentos de niños del distrito de Santa María de Chicmo, Apurímac, Perú. Se tomaron muestras serológicas a 493 niños de 6 a 16 años, de ambos sexos, con el consentimiento informado de sus padres. La prevalencia, determinada mediante la técnica de inmunoblot fue de 5.3% (IC95%=3.2%-7.4%; 26/493). El análisis univariado demostró que la crianza de bovinos y gatos, así como la crianza de tres o más cerdos fueron factores asociados a fascioliasis. La crianza de más de cinco ovinos configuró un factor de protección. La fascioliasis en niños no estuvo asociada a las características de las viviendas ni al consumo de alimentos. Se concluye que el distrito de Santa María de Chicmo es mesoendémico para fascioliasis en niños, y que la crianza de algunas especies de animales domésticos implica riesgo de fascioliasis humana