WHO CAN FISH WHAT AND WHERE: CHILE'S TRADEOFFS IN HIGH SEAS FISHING OF STRADDLING STOCKS

Chile has not yet ratified the U.N. 1995 Agreement on straddling/ highly migratory fish stocks. This paper discusses key economic issues at stake from the viewpoint of a coastal state with important stakes in a straddling stock. The Chilean jack mackerel stock, one of Chile's most important fish resources, is in this category. This stock is currently caught on adjacent high-seas only by a Chilean-flag fleet, and currently there is no evidence of imminent competition from distant water fishing nations (DWFNs). We argue that ratification of the Agreement could imply negative effects on: (i) coastal states' sovereignty upon management measures within its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and (ii) national fishing companies' competitiveness. Despite this, the net cost/benefit balance depends on how binding the threat of DWFNs' fishing competition is expected to be. If the Agreement does go into force, coastal states with important stakes in straddling fish stocks will feel increased pressure to ratify as well. For the case of states that become parties to the Agreement, we discuss pending obstacles for achieving effective fishery management in the adjacent high-seas. We speculate about possible solutions to the 'New Member' and 'Interloper' problems. Regarding the former, enforceable closed access would seem to be legally feasible under the Agreement. In terms of effective enforcement against fishing by illegal interlopers, innovation in enforcement tools would be needed. In some cases, the latter may require further adjustments to the Law of the Sea Convention.Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

A Variational Bayes Sparse Recovery of Migrating Targets in AR Noise

In this paper, we consider the problem of unambiguously estimating migrating targets even that located in blind speeds. We especially focus our attention on developing an algorithm with a low complexity for intensive use on experimental data in presence of diffuse clutter. Accordingly, we describe a variational Bayes sparse recovery based on a previously described hierarchical model (assuming migrating targets amid AR noise). The technique does alleviate ambiguities on real data collected by a wideband radar in a very reasonable amount of time

Clinical, Functional and Structural Studies of Humans and Merino Sheep Corneas from Two Different Regions of Argentina

Objective: The purpose of our work was to study and compare the cornea and tear film of people and sheep inhabiting in a region of Argentinean Patagonia (PATG), and in a geographically and climatically different region in the Argentinean Pampa (CAPT).Methods: Using cross sectional study, corneal examinations were performed in people and Merino sheep inhabiting PATG and CAPT regions, respectively. All people completed a questionnaire related to work activity, diet, and the use of hats or sunglasses during their life. Eyes from all participants were examined with a portable hand- held slit-lamp biomicroscope (BM) to evaluate corneal appearance, epithelium integrity, and transparency. Later on, in a subgroup of participants we studied eye blinking frequency (EBF), ocular surface staining (FS), breakup time (BUT), Schirmer Tear Test (STT), corneal structure using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and light microscopy (LM), and concentrations of serum ascorbate (sAA).Results: BM studies revealed numerous cases of climatic droplet keratopathy (CDK) only in people inhabiting the PATG region. CLSM studies confirmed typical punctate deposits at the Bowman ́s layer in CDK patients living in that region. CLSM images from sheep did not show any abnormalities at the Bowman ́s layer but exhibited small hyper reflective dots at the epithelium only in animals pasturing in the PATG region. FS and EBF mean values were significant higher in sheep grazing in the PATG region (p <0.05). No differences were found in surface eye tests when people from both regions were analyzed. Low sAA levels were found only in CDK people living in PATG region.Conclusions: CDK is a multi-factorial disease not only associated to harsh climate. We provide data that low sAA levels can play a role in its genesis in Patagonia patients?... Sheep pasturing in this region with a high prevalence of CDK have high concentration of sAA and did not present any sub epithelial corneal abnormalities.Fil: Suarez, Maria Fernanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Crim, Nicolás. Universidad Catolica de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Clinica Universitaria Reina Fabiola; ArgentinaFil: Monti, Rodolfo. Universidad Catolica de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Clinica Universitaria Reina Fabiola; ArgentinaFil: Esposito, Evangelina. Universidad Catolica de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Clinica Universitaria Reina Fabiola; ArgentinaFil: Urrets Zavalía, Julio Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Catolica de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Clinica Universitaria Reina Fabiola; ArgentinaFil: Serra, Horacio Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; Argentin

Efecto de los efluentes cloacales sobre el ensamble macrobentónico submareal en un estuario urbano de la Argentina

Se analizó el efecto de los efluentes cloacales sin tratamiento sobre el ensamble macrobentónico submareal del estuario de Bahía Blanca. Se examinaron las variaciones espaciales en los descriptores biológicos en relación con los parámetros ambientales y la distribución de metales en los sedimentos de un canal afectado por efluentes urbanos. A lo largo del canal se registraron valores de concentración de metales mayores a los de la zona interna del estuario (sitio de referencia). Los valores más altos de turbidez del agua se registraron en el sitio próximo a la zona de descarga del efluente y en la zona media del canal, donde, además, se depositaron sedimentos de un dragado de la zona portuaria e industrial realizado dos años antes que este estudio. La densidad del ensamble disminuyó hacia la zona cercana a la descarga del efluente, mientras que la riqueza y la diversidad alcanzaron valores mínimos tanto en la zona de descarga como la zona media. Sólo dos especies de poliquetos se asociaron con estas áreas: Laeonereis acuta y Aphelochaeta sp.; el primero se encontró en la zona de descarga de efluentes, donde Cd y Pb fueron los metales más abundantes, y el segundo fue la especie dominante en el sitio caracterizado por la presencia de material de dragado y altas concentraciones de Cr y Ni. Este estudio proporciona datos de base con los cuales contrastar futuras medidas de manejo.We examined spatial variations in the biological descriptors of macrobenthic assemblage in relation to environmental parameters and metal distribution in the sediments along a channel of Bahía Blanca estuary affected by non-treatment sewage effluents. Along the channel, metal concentration values were higher than those in the internal estuary area, a sector considered as a reference site. The highest values of water turbidity and metal content in sediments were observed in the effluent discharge zone and at the site where sediments from dredging activities were deposited two years ago. The density of macrobenthic assemblages decreased towards the effluent discharge zone, but the richness and diversity reached to minimum values in both disturbed areas. Only two species of polychaetes were associated with these areas: Laeonereis acuta and Aphelochaeta sp.; the former being found in the effluent discharge zone, where Cd and Pb were most abundant, and the latter being the dominant species in the site characterized by dredging material and high concentrations of Cr and Ni. This study is the first approach to explore the impact of anthropogenic activities over the macrobenthic assemblage of the Bahía Blanca estuary, providing background data to use future management decisions.Fil: Fiori, Sandra Marcela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Bravo, María Emilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; ArgentinaFil: Elias, Rodolfo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Serra, Analia Veronica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; ArgentinaFil: Carcedo, Maria Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Dos Santos, Eder Paulo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; ArgentinaFil: Botté, Sandra Elizabeth. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia; Argentin

Corporate sustainability and shareholder return: A comparative study on the return of the shares that make up the B3 corporate sustainability index

This article aims to answer the following question: Do companies with sustainable initiatives bring a greater return to shareholders? The authors have built a hypothetical portfolio based on the B3 Corporate Sustainability Index (ISE) methodology through an ex-post facto descriptive research. The authors have also calculated the beta and weighted returns considering each share weight and the proportional impact on the portfolio. The alpha calculation and the association with the Student 's t-test allowed investigation on the possibility of an incremental return concerning the adopted reference. We have concluded that the responsible investment strategy in companies considered sustainable, through the hypothetical portfolio, does not bring the possibility of an incremental return to the shareholder when compared to the market portfolio. On the other hand, the hypothetical portfolio does not bring a return lower than the market portfolio. That is, its performance does not fall short

Saúde e bem-estar em psicólogos brasileiros: o papel da atividade profissional

Estresse ocupacional e saúde dos psicólogos estão diretamente ligados. Este estudo objetivou analisar a atuação dos profissionais de psicologia e caracterizar os níveis de estresse, saúde mental, bem-estar e satisfação com a vida. Participaram 178 psicólogos, de 20 e 80 anos, casados (51,2%), com um ou mais filhos (58,4%) e renda mensal acima de 6 salários mínimos (50,6%). Foi aplicada a EET, MHC-SF, ISM-5, ESV. Para a análise dos dados foi utilizado o programa IBM SPSS Statistics 20. Nas correlações, as principais foram entre o Índice de Saúde Mental e o Bem-Estar Emocional (r=0.70) e do Índice de Saúde Mental com o fator “Demanda Psicológica” da Escala de Estresse no Trabalho (r=-0.34). O fator “Demanda Psicológica” da Escala de Estresse no Trabalho se correlacionou negativamente com todos. Isso significa que, com maiores níveis deste fator, os índices de saúde mental, bem-estar e satisfação com a vida do profissional serão menores.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Th17-Gene Expression Profile in Patients with Chronic Venous Disease and Venous Ulcers: Genetic Modulations and Preliminary Clinical Evidence

Chronic venous disease is a condition globally widespread, resulting in a disabling pathological disorder. The CD4 + Th17+ (Cluster Differentiation 4) lymphocytes represent a regulative factor for innate immunity related to the development of complex diseases. Recently, these mechanisms have been associated with vascular disease. The aim of this work is to validate whether the Th17 response correlates with the development of CVI (Chronic venous insufficiency)and CVLUs (chronic venous limbs ulcers) and whether Th17 markers can be used, both as intrinsic risk factors and diagnostic markers, for disease development. PBL derived from peripheral blood samples of patients and controls were subjected to gene expression analysis for IL23R, IL17, SGK1, TGFβ, RORγ, FOXO1, and RANBP1 by qRT-PCR and immunoblot. A post hoc correlation, the diagnostic performance of the target genes, and multivariable analyses were properly conducted. The main expression markers of the CD4 + Th17+ switch were strongly activated in chronic venous insufficiency and in advanced ulceration. The correlation analysis demonstrated the inter-dependence on Th17’s signature modulation. ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) analysis defined, for the examined genes, a clinical value as the potential diagnostic markers. Multi-logistic regression studies showed that Th17 markers behave as empirical risk factors for CVD (chronic venous disease) development. Taken together, the present data provide a new hypothesis for the TH17-dependent pathogenesis of CVD, favoring the possibility for the development of new diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic approaches

Alberprosenia malheiroi Serra, Atzingen & Serra, 1987 (Hemiptera, Reduviidae): redescrição e bionomia

Alberprosenia malheiroi n. sp. first became known through an informal publication of a paper submitted a Congress, in 1980. The same diagnosis with a photograph was published in 1987, but no formal description has yeet been made. The present authors describe adults and immature instars, establish a sintypical series and introduce bionomic data and data on the rearing of this species in insectary.The most evident differences between A. malheiroi n. sp. and A. goyovargasi, the former generic species, are the general colour pattern which is completely black; the interocular area, wider than an eye in dorsal view; the acute apex in collar tubercules and the significantly larger size, almost double that of the latter specie. The eggs are small attach themselves to the substratum in groups of either 3 or 4, are elipsoid with no lateral flattening, having a convex and prominent operculum, without conspicuous structures. Nymphs have the typical tribal and generic characteristics in each stage, the anteocular region being shorter than the postocular one. Pilosity appears in the second instar and becomes more evident with instar development. A. malheiroi n. sp. was captured in a forest, in wild (palm-tree) ecotopes associated with bats or birds, in the State of Para, Brazil. Trypanosoma cruzi was not found in any specimens. These triatomines were reared in &plusmn; 25&deg;C and &plusmn; 60 % RH, the insects are quick and fly without difficulty. They fed well on pigeons and bats but not on rats, mice or hamsters. The eggs incubation period was thirteen days on average, and the evolution time of the nymphal period was a hundred and thirty two days on average.Sobre Alberprosenia malheiroi n. sp. deu-se a conhecer uma diagnose resumida em 1980, porém sem valor bibliográfico. Em 1987 publicou-se a mesma diagnose anexando uma foto e alguns comentários, porém sem realizar uma descrição formal. Descreve-se para esta espécie, os adultos, os estádios imaturos, determina-se a série sintípica e apresenta-se dados bionômicos e de criação em insetário. As diferenças mais evidentes com A. goyovargasi, a única espécie que se conhecia do gênero até então, são a coloração geral negra, o espaço interocular maior que o tamanho de um olho visto dorsalmente, os tubérculos do colar com o ápice agudo e o tamanho maior, na nova espécie, quase o dobro do da primeira espécie. Os ovos são pequenos, fixados ao substrato em grupos de 3 ou 4, elipsóides, não achatados lateralmente, com o opérculo proeminente, convexo, sem estruturas evidentes. As ninfas apresentam em todos os estádios caracteres típicos do gênero e da tribo, com região anteocular menos longa que a post-ocular e característica pilosidade do tegumento que vai se acentuando a cada estádio. A. malheiroi n. sp. foi capturado em ecótopos silvestres em palmeiras em floresta no Estado do Pará, associados com morcegos ou aves. Nenhum dos exemplares estava infectado com Trypanosoma cruzi. Esses triatomíneos foram mantidos em insetários a &plusmn; 25&deg;C e &plusmn; 60% UR, são insetos ágeis e voam com relativa facilidade. Alimentaram-se bem em pombos e morcegos e não aceitaram alimentação em ratos, camundongos ou hamsters. O período de incubação dos ovos foi em média treze dias e o tempo de evolução do período ninfal foi em média cento e trinta e dois dias