Metals from the ritual site of Shaitanskoye Ozero II (Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia)

The present article describes materials from the ritual site of Shaitanskoye Ozero II, Sverdlovsk Oblast. Few excavations carried out at the site measuring less than 240 sq. m in size, yielded more than 160 bronze artifacts: utensils, weapons, rolled copper ornaments, and abundant smelting and casting waste. Apart from Seima-Turbino (celts and laminar knives) and Eurasian types (daggers with cast hilts, truncated knives with guards, fluted bracelets and rings), several metal artifacts were revealed manufactured in the style of the Samus-Kizhirovo tradition. Bronze artifacts, stone knives and scrapers, and numerous arrowheads are accompanied by ceramics of the Koptyaki type. Metals use mainly a copper-tin alloy. This assemblage is shown to be relevant to the local tradition of metalworking, which, in this particular region, was comparatively ancient having been left uninterrupted by the rapid migrations of the Seima-Turbino people. In addition, the assemblage indicates the sources from which post-Seima artifacts reached the Alakul people. These artifacts may also have been linked with a large metalworking center located in the Middle Urals.<br><br>Este artículo describe los materiales del sitio ritual de Shaitanskoye Ozero II, Provincia de Sverdlovsk. Las reducidas excavaciones emprendidas en el lugar con superficie inferior a los 240 m<sup>2</sup> han entregado más de 160 objetos de bronce: utensilios, armas, adornos en espiral de cobre y abundantes residuos de la fusión y el trabajo del metal. Además de tipos Seima-Turbino (hachas tubulares y cuchillos planos) y Euroasiáticos (puñales de mango fundido, cuchillos con empuñadura de lengüeta, brazaletes y anillos acanalados), varios artefactos metálicos resultaron manufacturados según el estilo de la tradición Samus-Kizhirovo. Los artefactos de bronce, los líticos (cuchillos, raspadores y numerosas puntas de flecha) están acompañados por cerámicos de tipo Koptyaki. El metal es generalmente una aleación de cobre y estaño. Este conjunto se considera relevante en la tradición local de trabajo del metal que, en esta región particular, era comparativamente antigua y quedó interrumpida por las rápidas migraciones de la gente Seima- Turbino. Además, el conjunto muestra las fuentes a partir de las cuales los artefactos post-Seima llegaron a la gente. Tales artefactos pueden relacionarse también con un gran centro de trabajo del metal localizado en los Urales centrales

MELATONIN ATTENUATES THE STRESS-INDUCED DISORDERS IN PARODONTIUM AND LIVER

The results of investigation illustrate the lipid peroxidation activation in different tissues under the stress influence. The obtained results convince the different resistance of animals to stress. The decrease of free and bound oxyprolin content, as well as glycosaminoglycans, which are the main components of connective tissue of gingiva, after prolonged stress has been established. Stress causes the development of structural and functional disorders in the liver tissue. Melatonin is effective to inhibit the stress-induced changes in liver and parodontium. The higher efficiency of melatonin at the dose 1,0 mg/kg over 0,2 mg/kg was established. The obtained results open the prospects of the using of melatonin and its artificial analogues for pharmacological treatment of stress-induced disorders in parodontium and liver

ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ОТВЕРСТИЙ БОЛЬШОГО ДИАМЕТРА ПО МАТЕРИАЛАМ КАМЕННЫХ ТОПОРОВ БРОНЗОВОГО ВЕКА

IIn the Urals, there are more than a hundred products with large-diameter holes, some of which are made using a copper tube. Experiments on hollow drilling in the expedition of S. A. Semenov have shown great complexity of this method. In experiments on drilling it was planned to identify labor costs for the manufacture of copper tube, and also reveal various aspects of drilling techniques. The article presents the results of experiments on drilling different types of stone (soapstone, marble, serpentine and jade) with a copper tube. Experiments have shown that drilling with a brace is 1.5 times more effective than drilling with a borer. And using a copper tube as a drill increased the speed of making holes by 4-7 times. It also turned out that the abrasive used is very important for drilling efficiency. The most effective abrasive was emery, whose deposits are known in the southern Urals. The results obtained allow the authors to establish with great accuracy what drills and with application of what equipment stone axes of Bronze Age were drilled. A comparison of the experimental drills with bronze age drills shows that drilling with a copper tube was often, but not always, performed using a special machine tool. Labor-intensive making stone axes with large diameter holes especially made of strong row materials attest about high social status of their owners. © 2021 Academy of Sciences of Tatarstan, A.Kh. Khalikov Archaeology Institute. All rights reserved

Remote Detection of Leaks in Gas Pipelines with an Airborne Raman Lidar by Sergey M. Bobrovnikov, Ilia B. Serikov, Yuri F. Arshinov, G. Sakovich, Alexander Vorozhtsov, and N. Eisenreich; Strategic Insights, v. 7 issue 1 (February 2008)

This article appeared in Strategic Insights, v.7 issue 1 (February 2008)Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited

Metals from the ritual site of Shaitanskoye Ozero II (Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia)

The present article describes materials from the ritual site of Shaitanskoye Ozero II, Sverdlovsk Oblast. Few excavations carried out at the site measuring less than 240 sq. m in size, yielded more than 160 bronze artifacts: utensils, weapons, rolled copper ornaments, and abundant smelting and casting waste. Apart from Seima-Turbino (celts and laminar knives) and Eurasian types (daggers with cast hilts, truncated knives with guards, fluted bracelets and rings), several metal artifacts were revealed manufactured in the style of the Samus-Kizhirovo tradition. Bronze artifacts, stone knives and scrapers, and numerous arrowheads are accompanied by ceramics of the Koptyaki type. Metals use mainly a copper-tin alloy. This assemblage is shown to be relevant to the local tradition of metalworking, which, in this particular region, was comparatively ancient having been left uninterrupted by the rapid migrations of the Seima-Turbino people. In addition, the assemblage indicates the sources from which post-Seima artifacts reached the Alakul people. These artifacts may also have been linked with a large metalworking center located in the Middle Urals.<br><br>Este artículo describe los materiales del sitio ritual de Shaitanskoye Ozero II, Provincia de Sverdlovsk. Las reducidas excavaciones emprendidas en el lugar con superficie inferior a los 240 m<sup>2</sup> han entregado más de 160 objetos de bronce: utensilios, armas, adornos en espiral de cobre y abundantes residuos de la fusión y el trabajo del metal. Además de tipos Seima-Turbino (hachas tubulares y cuchillos planos) y Euroasiáticos (puñales de mango fundido, cuchillos con empuñadura de lengüeta, brazaletes y anillos acanalados), varios artefactos metálicos resultaron manufacturados según el estilo de la tradición Samus-Kizhirovo. Los artefactos de bronce, los líticos (cuchillos, raspadores y numerosas puntas de flecha) están acompañados por cerámicos de tipo Koptyaki. El metal es generalmente una aleación de cobre y estaño. Este conjunto se considera relevante en la tradición local de trabajo del metal que, en esta región particular, era comparativamente antigua y quedó interrumpida por las rápidas migraciones de la gente Seima- Turbino. Además, el conjunto muestra las fuentes a partir de las cuales los artefactos post-Seima llegaron a la gente. Tales artefactos pueden relacionarse también con un gran centro de trabajo del metal localizado en los Urales centrales

EARLINET all observations (2000-2010)

This collection contains all measurements that have been performed in the frame of the EARLINET project during the period April 2000 - December 2010. Some of these measurements are also part of the collections 'Calipso', 'Climatology', 'SaharanDust' or 'VolcanicEruption'. In addition this collection also contains measurements from the categories 'Cirrus', 'DiurnalCycles', 'ForrestFires', 'Photosmog', 'RuralUrban', and 'Stratosphere'. This collection also contains measurements not devoted to any of the above categories. More information about these categories and the contributing stations can be found in the file 'EARLINET_general_introduction.pdf' accompanying this dataset

EARLINET observations related to volcanic eruptions (2000-2010)

A European Aerosol Research Lidar Network to Establish an Aerosol ClimatologyAerosols affect life on earth in several ways. They play an important role in the climate system; the effect of aerosols on the global climate system is one of the major uncertainties of present climate predictions. They play a major role in atmospheric chemistry and hence affect the concentrations of other potentially harmful atmospheric constituents, e.g. ozone. They are an important controlling factor for the radiation budget, in particular in the UV-B part of the spectrum. At ground level, they can be harmful, even toxic, to man, animals, and plants. Because of these adverse effects that aerosols can have on human life, it is necessary to achieve an advanced understanding of the processes that generate, redistribute, and remove aerosols in the atmosphere.A quantitative dataset describing the aerosol vertical, horizontal, and temporal distribution, including its variability on a continental scale, is necessary. The dataset is used to validate and improve models that predict the future state of the atmosphere and its dependence on different scenarios describing economic development, including those actions taken to preserve the quality of the environment. The EARLINET data set is the most comprehensive compilation of data available for this purpose.This project description is taken from: http://www.earlinet.org/index.php?id=earlinet_homepageSummary: Aerosols originating from volcanic emissions have an impact on the climate: sulfate and ash particles from volcanic emissions reflect solar radiation, act as cloud condensation and ice nuclei, and modify the radiative properties and lifetime of clouds, and therefore influence the precipitation cycle. These volcanic particles can also have an impact on environmental conditions and could be very dangerous for aircraft in flight. In addition to the routine measurements, further EARLINET observations are devoted to monitor volcano eruptions. The EARLINET volcanic dataset includes extended observations related to two different volcanoes in Europe Mt. Etna (2001 and 2002 eruptions), and the Eyjafjallajokull volcano in Iceland (April - May 2010 eruption). This dataset includes also recent events of volcanic eruptions in the North Pacific region (2008-2010) that emitted sulfuric acid droplets into the upper troposphere - lower stratosphere (UTLS) height region of the northern hemisphere. The EARLINET volcanic observations in the UTLS are complemented by the long-term stratospheric aerosol observations collected in the Stratosphere category