Trimebutine maleate monotherapy for functional dyspepsia: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind placebo controlled prospective trial

Background and Objectives:Functional dyspepsia (FD) is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders; it has a great impact on patient quality of life and is difficult to treat satisfactorily. This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of trimebutine maleate (TM) in patients with FD.Materials and Methods: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, prospective study was conducted, including 211 patients with FD. Participants were randomized to receive TM 300 mg twice per day (BID, 108 patients) or placebo BID (103 patients) for 4 weeks. The Glasgow Dyspepsia Severity Score (GDSS) was used to evaluate the relief of dyspepsia symptoms. Moreover, as a pilot secondary endpoint, a substudy (eight participants on TM and eight on placebo) was conducted in to evaluate gastric emptying (GE), estimated using a 99mTc-Tin Colloid Semi Solid Meal Scintigraphy test.Results: Of the 211 patients enrolled, 185 (87.7%) (97 (52.4%) in the TM group and 88 (47.6%) in the placebo group) completed the study and were analyzed. The groups did not differ in their demographic and medical history data. Regarding symptom relief, being the primary endpoint, a statistically significant reduction in GDSS for the TM group was revealed between the first (2-week) and final (4-week) visit (p-value = 0.02). The 99 mTc-Tin Colloid Semi Solid Meal Scintigraphy testing showed that TM significantly accelerated GE obtained at 50 min (median emptying 75.5% in the TM group vs. 66.6% in the placebo group,p= 0.036). Adverse effects of low to moderate severity were reported in 12.3% of the patients on TM.Conclusion: TM monotherapy appears to be an effective and safe approach to treating FD, although the findings presented here warrant further confirmation.Galenica A.E. Pharmaceutical Compan

Invalidity case of the trademark and legal consequences

Hızlı bir değişim ve dönüşüm yaşayan ekonomik hayatta her geçen gün tecrübe edilen yeniliklere bağlı olarak rekabet de artmıştır. Buna karşılık olarak insanlar rekabet düzeylerini arttırmak için ürün ve hizmetlerini farklılaştırma yolunu tercih etmişlerdir. İşletmelerin ürünlerinin diğer işletmelerin ürünlerinden ayırt edilmesini sağlamak istemeleri marka hukukunu doğurmuştur. Zamanla da marka hukukunun uygulama alanı genişlemiş ve bu alanda sayısız çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Markanın hükümsüzlüğü davası ve marka hakkının sonlanması marka davalarında büyük bir pay sahibi olmuştur. Tescilli markaların korunması ülkemizde 6769 sayılı Sınai Mülkiyet Kanunu (SMK) ile sağlanmaktadır. Kanunda marka teşkil edebilecek ürünler, tescil talebi, talebe karşı yapılan itirazlar ve tescili gerçekleşmiş markaların hükümsüz kılınması başlıca ele alınan hususlardır. Tezde, markanın hükümsüzlüğüne sebebiyet veren durumlar tartışılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, markaya ilişkin hükümsüzlük davası ve bu dava sonucunda ortaya çıkan hukuki sonuçlar üzerinde durulmuştur.In economic life, which is undergoing a rapid change and transformation, competition has increased due to the development and modernity experienced day by day. In spite of this, people preferred to differentiate their products and services in order to increase their level of competition. The desire of the undertakings to distinguish their goods or services from the goods or services of other undertakings has led to the trademark law. Over time, the application area of trademark law has also expanded and many studies have been carried out in this area. The invalidity of the trademark and the termination of the trademark rights have had a large share in trademark lawsuits. The protection of registered trademarks is provided by the Code of Industrial Property, No. 6769, in Turkey. In the code, the signs that can be trademarks, their registration, objections to registration requests and invalidity of registered trademarks are the main issues. In the thesis, the situations that cause the invalidation of the trademark are discussed. In this study, the ways to be applied in case of invalidity cases are emphasized

test liner kağitlarinin sağlamlik özellikleri üzerine kağidin gramajinin etkisi

Bu çalışmada, 7 farklı gramajda (85 g/m2, 90 g/m2, 95 g/m2, 100 g/m2, 105 g/m2, 110 g/m2, ve 115 g/m2) atık kağıt liflerinden test liner kağıtları üretilerek kağıdın sağlamlık özellikleri üzerine gramajın etkileri incelenmiştir. Kağıtların uzama ve TEA değerlerinin gramaj artışları ile arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Kopma ve yırtılma indisi değerlerinin gramaj artışı ile düzensiz bir değişim gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Diğer taraftan, patlama indisi değerlerinin gramaj değişiminden etkilenmediği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, kağıtların hava geçirgenliği ile gramajları arasında negatif bir ilişki gözlemlenmiştir

Chemical composition, fiber morphology, and kraft pulping of bracken stalks (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn) [Kemijski sastav, morfologija vlakana i sulfatni postupak proizvodnje celuloze od stabljika paprati (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Ksuhn)]

In this study, kraft, kraft-NaBH4, and kraft-KBH4 pulp and paper properties of the bracken stalks (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn) were determined. Also, the chemical composition and fiber properties of bracken stalks were evaluated. NaBH4 and KBH4 were separately added to cooking liquor by 0.5 %, 1 %, 1.5 %, and 2 % (oven dried wood). The boron compound-free kraft pulp were also made as control pulp. Fiber length and fiber width of bracken stalks were determined as 1.25 mm and 24 μm, respectively. Bracken stalks are composed of 73.34 % holocellulose, 32.55 % α-cellulose, and 30.79 % lignin. In addition, the pulp yield was increased with additions of both boron compounds, while kappa number was decreased. Also, highest strength increases determined in 0.5 % NaBH4 added pulp. These results showed that bracken stalks can be used as a raw material for kraft pulp production. © 2018, Journal Drvna Industrija. All rights reserved

Sahil Çamı Kraft Hamuru Ve Kâğıdının Özellikleri Üzerine Potasyum Bor hidrürün (KBH4) Etkisi

Bu çalışmada, sahil çamından (Pinus pinaster Ait.) elde edilen kraft kağıt hamuru ve kağıtlarının özellikleri üzerine potasyum borhidrürün (KBH4) etkileri araştırılmıştır. %0,5, %1, %1,5, ve %2 (fırın kurusu oduna göre) oranında KBH4 pişirme çözeltisine ilave edilerek sabit pişirme koşulları altında Kraft pişirmeleri yapılmıştır. Ayrıca, KBH4 ilavesiz kraft pişirmesi kontrol pişirmesi olarak yapılmıştır. Pişirme çözeltisine KBH4 ilavesinin kağıt hamurunun verimi ve kappa numarası ile hamurların dövme sürelerini artırdığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Kontrol pişirmesine %2 KBH4 ilave edildiğinde elenmiş verim 7,69 puan (%46,21’den %53,90’a) artmıştır. KBH4 ilavesi ile kağıtların parlaklık değerleri artmıştır. Kağıtların sağlamlık özellikleri KBH4 ilavesi ile önemli ölçüde azalmıştır

Evaluation of vitamin D levels in patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema: An observational cross-sectional study

Objective: The aim of our study was to compare plasma vitamin D levels between patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) and healthy population, and also to investigate the effects of socio-demographic and clinical factors and lymphedema severity on vitamin D levels. Materials and Methods: Eighty patients with BCRL [mean age 55.5 +/- 8.9 (36-81)] and age- and sex-matched 80 healthy controls [mean age 53.7 +/- 7.4 (32-70)] who were not on calcium or vitamin D supplementation were included in the study. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the subjects were questioned. Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and parathormone (PTH) levels were evaluated. Lymphedema was classified as stage 0, I, II, or III. Results: The mean duration of lymphedema was 23.5 +/- 13.8 months. Comparisons revealed lower vitamin D levels and higher PTH and ALP levels in patients with BCRL than healthy controls. As a result of multivariate regression analysis, a significant relationship was revealed between vitamin D levels and age, breast cancer stage, and disease duration in patients with BCRL. Vitamin D levels were significantly lower and PTH levels were significantly higher in stage 3 lymphedema patients compared to stage 1. Conclusion: Vitamin D levels were detected lower in patients with lymphedema than healthy controls. Although vitamin D levels were found to be lower in patients with severe lymphedema, the multivariate regression analysis revealed that the severity of lymphedema does not have a significant effect on vitamin D levels

Vibration analysis of the human radius of elderly men

Vibration analysis seldom has been used in detecting structural and mechanical changes in physiologic and pathologic bone conditions. We sought to correlate natural frequency of the radius measured by vibration analyses with bone mineral density measured by dual-energy xray absorptiometry and quantitative computed tomography (including cortical thickness). Sixty sedentary men between 50 and 70 years old were deemed osteopenic or healthy. A higher natural frequency of the dominant and nondominant radius was seen in the healthy men compared with the osteopenic men. Natural frequency was consistent with bone mineral density in dominant and nondominant radius in both groups. Moreover, there was a correlation between bone mineral density measured by dual-energy xray absorptiometry and natural frequency in the dominant and nondominant radius. Cortical thickness of the dominant and nondominant radius also correlated with natural frequency. We concluded natural frequency measured by vibration analysis is a precise method for the assessment of structural properties of bone and correlates with the bone mineral density of the radius