Design of solar systems in high-rise buildings

Nowadays, the renovation program is being implemented in the megapolises of Russia. Innovative high-rise buildings are built instead of morally and physically obsolete houses, where non-traditional renewable energy sources are used to the fullest extent, under the effect of which they are located. The possibility to use solar systems with variation of their design parameters is considered. It is established that solar systems have high technical potential. The share of heat load, that is provided by using solar energy, varies from 4 to 84% depending on the time of the year. Economic indicators restrain the use of such panels. The payback period is about 8 years at the current cost for thermal energy

Design of solar systems in high-rise buildings

Nowadays, the renovation program is being implemented in the megapolises of Russia. Innovative high-rise buildings are built instead of morally and physically obsolete houses, where non-traditional renewable energy sources are used to the fullest extent, under the effect of which they are located. The possibility to use solar systems with variation of their design parameters is considered. It is established that solar systems have high technical potential. The share of heat load, that is provided by using solar energy, varies from 4 to 84% depending on the time of the year. Economic indicators restrain the use of such panels. The payback period is about 8 years at the current cost for thermal energy

РАСЧЕТ КОНЦЕНТРАЦИЙ ВРЕДНЫХ ВЕЩЕСТВ В НИЖНИХ СЛОЯХ АТМОСФЕРЫ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ТЕОРИИ ВЕНТИЛЯЦИОННЫХ СТРУЙ

Предмет исследования: в настоящее время определение концентрации вредных веществ в выбросах предприятий независимо от высоты источника выброса и характеристик технологического процесса, согласно нормативам, основано на представлении о слоистом строении атмосферы. Применение модели температурной стратификации атмосферы в отношении вентиляционных источников выброса вредных веществ приводит к немотивированному росту значения максимальных концентраций. Цели: определить возможность использования других методов для расчета концентраций вредных веществ от низких источников загрязнения атмосферы (ИЗА). Материалы и методы: рассмотрена возможность использования теории вентиляционных струй для расчета концентраций вредных веществ в атмосфере. Результаты: определенно, что существующий подход расчета выбросов является некорректным в отношении низких ИЗА, к которым относится значительное количество вентиляционных и технологических выбросов вредных веществ. Выводы: обоснована необходимость использования теории вентиляционных струй при расчетах концентраций вредных веществ от низких ИЗА. Получена зависимость, которая впервые позволяет определить концентрацию вредных веществ в воздухе для ИЗА высотой не более 30…40 м

Application of ethylene glycol in ventilation systems with variable air flow

The relevance of the use of ethylene glycol as an intermediate heat carrier in the ventilation system during the treatment of supply air is justified. A description of the operation scheme of a cooling system with an intermediate heat carrier at a variable supply air flow rate is presented. On the Id-diagram of the state of the humid air, the construction of air treatment processes in the central air conditioner for all purposes of the transformed room is performed. The authors have established the need for cooling and dehumidification of the supply air in all operating modes. In order to determine the maximum possible load on the elements of the building’s air conditioning system, the type of room with the highest supply air consumption was selected and the air treatment process was constructed on an Id diagram at different outdoor temperatures. A method for calculating the parameters of the cooling medium is developed and graphs are constructed that allow us to establish the relationship between the parameters of the heat exchange equipment and the purpose of the room. The regularities in the change of the parameters of the heat and cold carrier when regulating the operation of the system depending on the change in the load on it are revealed. The operating ranges of the proposed scheme of air treatment with an intermediate heat carrier in the warm period of the year with variable flow rate of the treated air and various parameters of the outdoor air are given. Based on this, the possibility of creating an algorithm for automating the ventilation system adapted for buildings of cultural and entertainment purposes is justified

Influence of gas stations on the ecology of the urban environment

The aggravation of the environmental situation in major cities of the Russian Federation has been observed in recent years. A significant contribution to the deterioration of the quality of the urban environment has a large number of vehicles and consequently the number of gas stations. They are generally concentrated within the city limits. As a result of the high level of competition of oil companies in the gas station market and the large consumption of liquid fuel oil by the urban population there is a point building of gas stations on free sites of urban development. The question of the need to improve the ecological safety of urban gas filling stations is acute and remains extremely relevant in our time. On the basis of the results of theoretical, numerical and experimental studies obtained by the authors, factors influencing spread of harmful substances from emission sources at gas stations have been identified, and their significance was established. The identified factors formed the basis of a multi-criteria analysis of the environmental impact of emissions from sources at gas filling stations. The authors have developed a methodology for assessing environmental safety of urban gas filling stations, which allows to assess the degree of impact of gas filling stations on the urban environment and to reduce their negative effect

Intraoperative Use of Mixed Reality Technology in Median Neck and Branchial Cyst Excision

The paper considers the possibilities, prospects, and drawbacks of the mixed reality (MR) technology application using mixed reality smartglasses Microsoft HoloLens 2. The main challenge was to find and develop an approach that would allow surgeons to conduct operations using mixed reality on a large scale, reducing the preparation time required for the procedure and without having to create custom solutions for each patient. Research was conducted in three clinical cases: two median neck and one branchial cyst excisions. In each case, we applied a unique approach of hologram positioning in space based on mixed reality markers. As a result, we listed a series of positive and negative aspects related to MR surgery, along with proposed solutions for using MR in surgery on a daily basis