Modelando um cluster regional de turismo: o impacto das restrições administrativas e logísticas no desenvolvimento de clusters regulados

The article proposes a tourism cluster structure dividing it into four main sectors: the production of tourism services (tourism enterprises, accommodation, catering, and transport services), the service sector, the auxiliary sector, and the life support sector. The article systematizes various models of regional tourism clusters depending on the distribution of roles, areas of interaction, the impact of integration, and the stages of the cluster life cycle: a non-core cluster, an axial cluster, a satellite cluster, and a regulated cluster. Authors concluded that due to the crisis caused by the pandemic, sanctions, and trade wars, the role of regulated tourist clusters in Russia will only increase since these clusters are more stable due to state support. In relation to external restrictions on outbound tourism, the state will focus on the development of domestic tourism while regulating the activities of tourism clusters. In this case, new projects of large-sized tourism businesses will be aimed not to obtain economic benefits but rather to demonstrate their loyalty to the existing government. On the contrary, businesses will rely on subsidies and economic support from the state.El artículo propone una estructura del clúster turístico, dividiéndolo en cuatro sectores principales: la producción de servicios turísticos (empresas turísticas, alojamiento, restauración y servicios de transporte), el sector servicios, el sector auxiliar y el sector de soporte vital. El artículo sistematiza varios modelos de clústeres turísticos regionales según la distribución de roles, las áreas de interacción, el impacto de la integración y las etapas del ciclo de vida del clúster: un clúster no central, un clúster axial, un clúster satélite y un clúster. clúster regulado. Los autores concluyeron que debido a la crisis provocada por la pandemia, las sanciones y las guerras comerciales, el papel de los clústeres turísticos regulados en Rusia solo aumentará, ya que estos clústeres son más estables gracias al apoyo estatal. En relación con las restricciones externas al turismo emisor, el estado se enfocará en el desarrollo del turismo interno mientras regula las actividades de los clústeres turísticos. En este caso, los nuevos proyectos de empresas turísticas de gran porte no estarán dirigidos a obtener beneficios económicos sino a demostrar su lealtad al gobierno existente. Por el contrario, las empresas dependerán de los subsidios y el apoyo económico del Estado.O artigo propõe uma estrutura de cluster do turismo, dividindo-o em quatro setores principais: a produção de serviços turísticos (empresas de turismo, alojamento, restauração e serviços de transporte), o setor de serviços, o setor auxiliar e o setor de suporte à vida. O artigo sistematiza vários modelos de clusters regionais de turismo dependendo da distribuição de papéis, áreas de interação, o impacto da integração e os estágios do ciclo de vida do cluster: um cluster não-núcleo, um cluster axial, um cluster satélite e um cluster. aglomerado regulamentado. Os autores concluíram que, devido à crise causada pela pandemia, sanções e guerras comerciais, o papel dos clusters turísticos regulamentados na Rússia só aumentará, pois esses clusters são mais estáveis devido ao apoio do Estado. Em relação às restrições externas ao turismo emissor, o Estado focará no desenvolvimento do turismo doméstico ao mesmo tempo em que regula as atividades dos clusters turísticos. Neste caso, novos projetos de empreendimentos turísticos de grande porte terão como objetivo não obter benefícios econômicos, mas sim demonstrar sua lealdade ao governo existente. Pelo contrário, as empresas contarão com subsídios e apoio econômico do Estado

Modeling of impact deformation processes of the ceramic container for radioactive waste storage

Results of researches in the field of designing containers for storage of radioactive materials are presented in the work. The purposes of researches include a development of an effective method of modeling static and dynamic deformation processes at shock impact on the ceramic container with radioactive materials at transportation. The next tasks have been solved: on the basis of the mathematical description of physic-mechanical processes of deformation of the complex design container has been chosen method of finite-element's for effective modeling of the stress-strain State of static and dynamic deformation processes in the containers made of ceramic elements; laws of deformation, estimations of durability and rigidity for designed containers have been received after calculations by means of the computer software; recommendations on perfection of a design of the container for maintenance of requirements to safety are given. Analysis Finite Element Method (FEM) has been conducted in the ANSYS system and results is presented

Physical-Mechanical Properties of γ-Irradiated SiC Ceramics for Radioactive Wastes Immobilization

The interest in silicon carbide (SiC-based) ceramics and composites as matrix material for nuclear waste immobilization is grown up. Long-term chemical durability and radiation resistance of SiC are important factors for radionuclides immobilization. Advantages of SiC-based ceramics as structural materials in nuclear applications are the high-temperature properties, high density and reduced neutron activation. The use of radiation resistant materials is a strong requirement for safe and environmentally beneficial energy system. The SiC ceramics stability under irradiation for temperatures up to 1273 K is also very important for nuclear power applications. The SiC matrices doped by additives of Cr, Si were fabricated using High Speed Hot Pressing Method. Additives content was in the range from 0.5 to 3 wt %. Microstructural characteristics of silicon carbide ceramics were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and infra-red spectroscopy (IR) methods. The results of microcracking under indentation conditions were revealed the lack of cracks in the SiC ceramics with Cr additives before and after irradiation process. In addition, it was demonstrated that samples of SiC with alloying additives Cr and Si possess high mechanical parameters under γ-irradiation process. The strength of ceramics increases with the uniform and fine-grained structure formation. The modification of phase composition and mechanical properties of the SiC ceramics with Cr and Si additives under γ-irradiation were analyzed for further development of radiation resistant and matrix materials for radioactive wastes immobilization

Electrical Spinal Stimulation, and Imagining of Lower Limb Movements to Modulate Brain-Spinal Connectomes That Control Locomotor-Like Behavior

Neuronal control of stepping movement in healthy human is based on integration between brain, spinal neuronal networks, and sensory signals. It is generally recognized that there are continuously occurring adjustments in the physiological states of supraspinal centers during all routines movements. For example, visual as well as all other sources of information regarding the subject's environment. These multimodal inputs to the brain normally play an important role in providing a feedforward source of control. We propose that the brain routinely uses these continuously updated assessments of the environment to provide additional feedforward messages to the spinal networks, which provides a synergistic feedforwardness for the brain and spinal cord. We tested this hypothesis in 8 non-injured individuals placed in gravity neutral position with the lower limbs extended beyond the edge of the table, but supported vertically, to facilitate rhythmic stepping. The experiment was performed while visualizing on the monitor a stick figure mimicking bilateral stepping or being motionless. Non-invasive electrical stimulation was used to neuromodulate a wide range of excitabilities of the lumbosacral spinal segments that would trigger rhythmic stepping movements. We observed that at the same intensity level of transcutaneous electrical spinal cord stimulation (tSCS), the presence or absence of visualizing a stepping-like movement of a stick figure immediately initiated or terminated the tSCS-induced rhythmic stepping motion, respectively. We also demonstrated that during both voluntary and imagined stepping, the motor potentials in leg muscles were facilitated when evoked cortically, using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and inhibited when evoked spinally, using tSCS. These data suggest that the ongoing assessment of the environment within the supraspinal centers that play a role in planning a movement can routinely modulate the physiological state of spinal networks that further facilitates a synergistic neuromodulation of the brain and spinal cord in preparing for movements

Electrical Spinal Stimulation, and Imagining of Lower Limb Movements to Modulate Brain-Spinal Connectomes That Control Locomotor-Like Behavior.

Neuronal control of stepping movement in healthy human is based on integration between brain, spinal neuronal networks, and sensory signals. It is generally recognized that there are continuously occurring adjustments in the physiological states of supraspinal centers during all routines movements. For example, visual as well as all other sources of information regarding the subject's environment. These multimodal inputs to the brain normally play an important role in providing a feedforward source of control. We propose that the brain routinely uses these continuously updated assessments of the environment to provide additional feedforward messages to the spinal networks, which provides a synergistic feedforwardness for the brain and spinal cord. We tested this hypothesis in 8 non-injured individuals placed in gravity neutral position with the lower limbs extended beyond the edge of the table, but supported vertically, to facilitate rhythmic stepping. The experiment was performed while visualizing on the monitor a stick figure mimicking bilateral stepping or being motionless. Non-invasive electrical stimulation was used to neuromodulate a wide range of excitabilities of the lumbosacral spinal segments that would trigger rhythmic stepping movements. We observed that at the same intensity level of transcutaneous electrical spinal cord stimulation (tSCS), the presence or absence of visualizing a stepping-like movement of a stick figure immediately initiated or terminated the tSCS-induced rhythmic stepping motion, respectively. We also demonstrated that during both voluntary and imagined stepping, the motor potentials in leg muscles were facilitated when evoked cortically, using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and inhibited when evoked spinally, using tSCS. These data suggest that the ongoing assessment of the environment within the supraspinal centers that play a role in planning a movement can routinely modulate the physiological state of spinal networks that further facilitates a synergistic neuromodulation of the brain and spinal cord in preparing for movements