UNION COUNTRIES AND THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The article is aimed at the consideration of the problems occurring in the field of economic and legal integration of fundamental principles concerning the innovations, the innovation process and the types of innovations. The priority of economy innovation development and the suffi cient legal regulation of this process in the global community is determinated in the article. The basic notions of Innovation law such as: “innovation”, “innovative activity”, “innovation process” are carefully examined and analyzed in detail. The authors have classified the innovation types on various grounds. They came to the conclusion, that there is the necessity to establish a common understanding of the above mentioned notions, to develop the integrated mechanisms to stimulate innovative activity of all innovation process participants. The dominating method of research is a comparative analysis of the basic notions, economic prerequisites and Innovation law

UNION COUNTRIES AND THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The article is aimed at the consideration of the problems occurring in the field of economic and legal integration of fundamental principles concerning the innovations, the innovation process and the types of innovations. The priority of economy innovation development and the suffi cient legal regulation of this process in the global community is determinated in the article. The basic notions of Innovation law such as: “innovation”, “innovative activity”, “innovation process” are carefully examined and analyzed in detail. The authors have classified the innovation types on various grounds. They came to the conclusion, that there is the necessity to establish a common understanding of the above mentioned notions, to develop the integrated mechanisms to stimulate innovative activity of all innovation process participants. The dominating method of research is a comparative analysis of the basic notions, economic prerequisites and Innovation law

Development of a New VLBI Data Analysis Software

We present an overview of a new VLBI analysis software under development at NASA GSFC. The new software will replace CALC/SOLVE and many related utility programs. It will have the capabilities of the current system as well as incorporate new models and data analysis techniques. In this paper we give a conceptual overview of the new software. We formulate the main goals of the software. The software should be flexible and modular to implement models and estimation techniques that currently exist or will appear in future. On the other hand it should be reliable and possess production quality for processing standard VLBI sessions. Also, it needs to be capable of processing observations from a fully deployed network of VLBI2010 stations in a reasonable time. We describe the software development process and outline the software architecture

Theory-assisted determination of nano-rippling and impurities in atomic resolution images of angle-mismatched bilayer graphene

Ripples and impurity atoms are universally present in 2D materials, limiting carrier mobility, creating pseudo–magnetic fields, or affecting the electronic and magnetic properties. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) generally provides picometer-level precision in the determination of the location of atoms or atomic 'columns' in the in-image plane (xy plane). However, precise atomic positions in the z-direction as well as the presence of certain impurities are difficult to detect. Furthermore, images containing moiré patterns such as those in angle-mismatched bilayer graphene compound the problem by limiting the determination of atomic positions in the xy plane. Here, we introduce a reconstructive approach for the analysis of STEM images of twisted bilayers that combines the accessible xy coordinates of atomic positions in a STEM image with density-functional-theory calculations. The approach allows us to determine all three coordinates of all atomic positions in the bilayer and establishes the presence and identity of impurities. The deduced strain-induced rippling in a twisted bilayer graphene sample is consistent with the continuum model of elasticity. We also find that the moiré pattern induces undulations in the z direction that are approximately an order of magnitude smaller than the strain-induced rippling. A single substitutional impurity, identified as nitrogen, is detected. The present reconstructive approach can, therefore, distinguish between moiré and strain-induced effects and allows for the full reconstruction of 3D positions and atomic identities

An assessment of the accuracy of the VGOS geodetic products

American Geophysical Union (AGU) Fall Meeting, 13-17 December 2021, New OrleansThe next-generation VLBI system called VGOS (VLBI Global Observing System) is now operational. A network of 8 VGOS stations has been observing bi-weekly since 2019 under the auspices of the International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry (IVS) for the creation of standard geodetic products. Moreover, a subset of 2-4 of those VGOS stations has also been observing, starting in 2020, in a VLBI Intensives-like mode to assess the feasibility of earth¿s rotation (UT1) estimation using VGOS. Intensives are VLBI observations that are run on a daily basis using a single baseline, for instance, between Kokee Park Geophysical Observatory, Hawaii, and Wettzell Observatory, Germany, with the goal of near-real time monitoring of UT1. We will describe the VGOS observations, correlation, post-processing, and preliminary geodetic results, including UT1. We will compare the VGOS estimates to estimates from legacy VLBI and other geodetic techniques such as GNSS, when and where possible, to draw some conclusions on the precision and accuracy of the VGOS estimate

Modernizing and expanding the NASA Space Geodesy Network to meet future geodetic requirements

Special issue Satellite Laser Ranging.-- 11 pages, 7 figures, 1 tableNASA maintains and operates a global network of Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR), and Global Navigation Satellite System ground stations as part of the NASA Space Geodesy Program. The NASA Space Geodesy Network (NSGN) provides the geodetic products that support Earth observations and the related science requirements as outlined by the US National Research Council (NRC in Precise geodetic infrastructure: national requirements for a shared resource, National Academies Press, Washington, 2010. http://nap.edu/12954, Thriving on our changing planet: a decadal strategy for Earth observation from space, National Academies Press, Washington, 2018. http://nap.edu/24938). The Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) and the NRC have set an ambitious goal of improving the Terrestrial Reference Frame to have an accuracy of 1 mm and stability of 0.1 mm per year, an order of magnitude beyond current capabilities. NASA and its partners within GGOS are addressing this challenge by planning and implementing modern geodetic stations colocated at existing and new sites around the world. In 2013, NASA demonstrated the performance of its next-generation systems at the prototype next-generation core site at NASA¿s Goddard Geophysical and Astronomical Observatory in Greenbelt, Maryland. Implementation of a new broadband VLBI station in Hawaii was completed in 2016. NASA is currently implementing new VLBI and SLR stations in Texas and is planning the replacement of its other aging domestic and international legacy stations. In this article, we describe critical gaps in the current global network and discuss how the new NSGN will expand the global geodetic coverage and ultimately improve the geodetic products. We also describe the characteristics of a modern NSGN site and the capabilities of the next-generation NASA SLR and VLBI systems. Finally, we outline the plans for efficiently operating the NSGN by centralizing and automating the operations of the new geodetic station

In-hospital and 6-month outcomes in patients with COVID-19 supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (EuroECMO-COVID): a multicentre, prospective observational study

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been widely used in patients with COVID-19, but uncertainty remains about the determinants of in-hospital mortality and data on post-discharge outcomes are scarce. The aims of this study were to investigate the variables associated with in-hospital outcomes in patients who received ECMO during the first wave of COVID-19 and to describe the status of patients 6 months after ECMO initiation