2,530 research outputs found
Device-independent security of quantum cryptography against collective attacks
We present the optimal collective attack on a Quantum Key Distribution (QKD)
protocol in the "device-independent" security scenario, where no assumptions
are made about the way the QKD devices work or on what quantum system they
operate. Our main result is a tight bound on the Holevo information between one
of the authorized parties and the eavesdropper, as a function of the amount of
violation of a Bell-type inequality.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure. v2: minor modification
Fluctuations of the Casimir potential above a disordered medium
We study the statistical fluctuations of the Casimir potential felt by an
atom approaching a dielectric disordered medium. Starting from a microscopic
model for the disorder, we calculate the variance of potential fluctuations in
the limit of a weak density of heterogeneities. We show that fluctuations are
essentially governed by scattering of the radiation on a single heterogeneity,
and discuss in which limits they become larger than the average value predicted
by effective medium theory. Finally, for denser disorder we show that multiple
scattering processes become relevant.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure
Statistical approach to Casimir-Polder potentials in heterogeneous media
We explore the statistical properties of the Casimir-Polder potential between
a dielectric sphere and a three-dimensional heterogeneous medium, by means of
extensive numerical simulations based on the scattering theory of Casimir
forces. The simulations allow us to confirm recent predictions for the mean and
standard deviation of the Casimir potential, and give us access to its full
distribution function in the limit of a dilute distribution of heterogeneities.
These predictions are compared with a simple statistical model based on a
pairwise summation of the individual contributions of the constituting elements
of the medium.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figure
Optimality of the genetic code with respect to protein stability and amino acid frequencies
How robust is the natural genetic code with respect to mistranslation errors?
It has long been known that the genetic code is very efficient in limiting the
effect of point mutation. A misread codon will commonly code either for the
same amino acid or for a similar one in terms of its biochemical properties, so
the structure and function of the coded protein remain relatively unaltered.
Previous studies have attempted to address this question more quantitatively,
namely by statistically estimating the fraction of randomly generated codes
that do better than the genetic code regarding its overall robustness. In this
paper, we extend these results by investigating the role of amino acid
frequencies in the optimality of the genetic code. When measuring the relative
fitness of the natural code with respect to a random code, it is indeed natural
to assume that a translation error affecting a frequent amino acid is less
favorable than that of a rare one, at equal mutation cost. We find that taking
the amino acid frequency into account accordingly decreases the fraction of
random codes that beat the natural code, making the latter comparatively even
more robust. This effect is particularly pronounced when more refined measures
of the amino acid substitution cost are used than hydrophobicity. To show this,
we devise a new cost function by evaluating with computer experiments the
change in folding free energy caused by all possible single-site mutations in a
set of known protein structures. With this cost function, we estimate that of
the order of one random code out of 100 millions is more fit than the natural
code when taking amino acid frequencies into account. The genetic code seems
therefore structured so as to minimize the consequences of translation errors
on the 3D structure and stability of proteins.Comment: 31 pages, 2 figures, postscript fil
Simulation based estimation of branching models for LTR retrotransposons
Motivation: LTR retrotransposons are mobile elements that are able, like
retroviruses, to copy and move inside eukaryotic genomes. In the present work,
we propose a branching model for studying the propagation of LTR
retrotransposons in these genomes. This model allows to take into account both
positions and degradations of LTR retrotransposons copies. In our model, the
duplication rate is also allowed to vary with the degradation level.
Results: Various functions have been implemented in order to simulate their
spread and visualization tools are proposed. Based on these simulation tools,
we show that an accurate estimation of the parameters of this propagation model
can be performed. We applied this method to the study of the spread of the
transposable elements ROO, GYPSY, and DM412 on a chromosome of
\textit{Drosophila melanogaster}.
Availability: Our proposal has been implemented using Python software. Source
code is freely available on the web at
https://github.com/SergeMOULIN/retrotransposons-spread.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, 7 tables. Submit to "Bioiformatics" on March 1,
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Impact of quantized vibrations on the efficiency of interfacial charge separation in photovoltaic devices
We demonstrate that charge separation at donor-acceptor interfaces is a
complex process that is controlled by the combined action of Coulomb binding
for electron-hole pairs and partial relaxation due to quantized phonons. A
joint electron-vibration quantum dynamical study reveals that high energy
vibrations sensitively tune the charge transfer probability as a function of
time and injection energy, due to polaron formation. These results have
bearings for the optimization of energy transfer both in organic and quantum
dot photovoltaics, as well as in biological light harvesting complexes.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures. v2 contains additional discussion of experiments,
and extra physical motivatio
Hierarchical Queues: general description and implementation in MAMBA Image library
This paper describes thoroughly the hierarchical queues (HQ) which are implemented in the MAMBA image library. The use of these HQ to realize watershed transforms and geodesic reconstructions is fully explained. The extension of these morphological operators to 32-bit images is also described
QUOTATION FOR THE VALUE ADDED ASSESSMENT DURING PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION PROCESSES
This communication is based on an original approach linking economical factors to technical and methodological ones. This work is applied to the decision process for mix production. This approach is relevant for costing driving systems. The main interesting point is that the quotation factors (linked to time indicators for each step of the industrial process) allow the complete evaluation and control of, on the one hand, the global balance of the company for a six-month period and, on the other hand, the reference values for each step of the process cycle of the parts. This approach is based on a complete numerical traceability and control of the processes (design and manufacturing of the parts and tools, mass production). This is possible due to numerical models and to feedback loops for cost indicator analysis at design and production levels. Quotation is also the base for the design requirements and for the choice and the configuration of the production process. The reference values of the quotation generate the base reference parameters of the process steps and operations. The traceability of real values (real time consuming, real consumable) is mainly used for a statistic feedback to the quotation application. The industrial environment is a steel sand casting company with a wide mix product and the application concerns both design and manufacturing. The production system is fully automated and integrates different products at the same time.design and production, cost driving system, numerical traceability
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