Maurice Ravel and Exoticism. A study of the exotic in he vocal works of Maurice Ravel with special reference to L'Enfant et les sortileges and the Trois Chansons Madecasses

The fascination for things exotic or fairytale-like occupied Ravel throughout his entre life. In fact, one can safely assume that these fascinations may have prevented him from forming some sort of mental inertia in those difficult years for him following the First World War. On writing about his Shéhárazade triptych, Ravel stated : ... in them, I have succumbed again to the profound fascination which the East has held for me since childhood.""""' That is the purpose of this dissertation : to examine Ravel's handling and incorporation of this fascination into his works for solo voice. Ravel, within the confines of his genius has succeeded magnificently in exploiting the various timbres capable on his chosen instruments; and sought timbres from the instrumentation commissioned from him (as in the case of the Chansons madécasses ) to assimilate unexplored, exotic colours. Naturally, since Ravel experienced the tail end of an exotic rage that swept through Europe at the turn of the century, a survey was made of its origins in Europe. The musical references to Sharerazade in Chapter Two correspond to the piano and vocal score published by Dover Publications, while other musical examples in this chapter, from the Sonatina, the String Quartet and the Introduction and Allegro are taken from the Durand Edition, published in 1905, 1906 and 1910 respectively. *Pierre Bemac. The interpretation of French Song. London: Victor Gollanncz, 1976, 241,242. 5 In the chapter on L 'Enfant et les Sortileges where the following is used: 34/2/1 it denotes page/ bar/ beat. The complete orchestral score of the selected scene can be found in Appendix A. The complete score of the Chansons madécasses can be found in Appendix B, (p.78 onwards), but musical examples in this chapter are included at relevant points since the cycle is rather extensive and cross-references occur frequently. These musical examples provide short illustrations. If further illustration of the musical point being made is needed, the reader is directed to the complete example in Appendix B by a figure in square brackets. For example; Mus. ex. 15: """"Nahandove"""" mm 46-48 [to 51]. Ravel remarked in an interview with De Telegraaf on March 31, 1931: """" Like Debussy and other contemporaries, I have always been particularly fascinated by musical orientalism. . . """"` and therefore it is hoped that in this dissertation, Ravel's relentless search for clarity of expression, as well as his innate artistic conscience is dutifully exposed, because he created an art of uncommon integrity, lucidity and excellence. As Arbie Orenstein, the noted Ravel scholar claims in his Ravel Reader : . like any other significant artist, Ravel fashioned his own laws and created his own universe : his Swiss-Basque heritage and Parisian sophistication, his subtle humour, his fascination for travel and exoticism, his interest in animals and children and his keen observations of nature are mirrored in his art, as are the disorientation and tragedy of World War One. Behind all these multificatious threads lies the composer's sovereign conscience and, in the words of Tristan Klingsor : the ironic and tender heart which beats under the velvet vest of Maurice Ravel.** * Arbie Orenstein. A Ravel Reader. New York: O.U.P., 1990, 473. ** Orenstein. Ravel Reader, 25

Humans: The Biggest Barrier to Realising Human Rights - A South African Perspective

In demarcating the law, human rights, and human behaviour, the objective is to explore the tension between safeguarding human rights and promoting individual autonomy. While international human rights law signifies the potential of creating dignified life experiences, the behaviour of humans, and, specifically, of those in government incited my focus on the effect of human behaviour on the realizsation of human rights. By studying human rights through a philosophical lens, a (a) conceptual clarification of human rights is provided, (b) the most prominent human rights are identified, (c) general and specific justifications of human rights discussed, and (d) the normative implications of human right claims explored. Focus is placed on South Africa although the value and potential generalisation generalization of the data for evaluating the effectiveness of human rights in achieving their social goal globally, are acknowledged. Reviewing literature, an overview is provided of the law and human rights; the different dimensions of human rights; and human behaviour. Persistent human rights violations, albeit legal protection, are delineated and the significant role played by human behaviour during such violations are highlighted. Given that human behaviour is influenced by various ethical, social, and legal principles, governments are urged to be mindful of the well-being of the humans they are ethically and legally obliged to serve

Abnormal condylarthrosis and arthrocele of the tibial metatarsal joint in young chicks

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1932 S41Master of Scienc

The Mammoth Task of Realising the Right to Life: A South African Perspective

Concentrating on South Africa, this chapter critically scrutinises the realisation of everyone\u27s right to life as guaranteed in section 11 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa. Although the right to life is explored within the ambit of an international legal framework, realising the right to life in South Africa, with its history of demeaning the value of the life of the majority of its inhabitants in the past, forms the main pivot of discussion. It is argued that, despite the 1996 Constitution\u27s promise to heal these past divisions and improve the quality of life of all citizens and free each person\u27s potential, the State has been ambivalent about realising everyone\u27s right to life. As part of post‐apartheid transformation, the State has, on the one hand, made substantial progresses in creating a supporting and legal environment for the attainment of a better life for some of its inhabitants. On the other hand, reality still reflects poignantly flaws in freeing everyone\u27s potential, thus highlighting the mammoth task that lies ahead

Die ontwikkeling van die Suid- Afrikaanse gemenereg: ’n Geskiedkundig-sosiaal-kontekstuele analitiese benadering

In order to develop the South African common law and understand how legal processes must transpire in contemporary South Africa, a historic-social-contextual analysis is proposed. Such a critical analysis not only assists courts in understanding the development of this country’s common law as well as the external and internal influences affecting it, but also enables them to build a historic bridge between the past of a deeply divided society and a future founded on constitutional values

The isolation and characterisation of Xylophilus ampelinus

Bacterial blight, caused by Xylophilus ampelinus (PANAGOPOULUS) WILLEMS et al. is a destructive disease of grapevine (Vitis vinifera). Incubation of cuttings at 15 °C for three days under moist conditions significantly increased the number of isolated X. ampelinus colonies. This treatment facilitates the isolation of the pathogen from infected material from which it could previously not be isolated

Spatial connections and disconnections: A critique on the conceptualisation of Tshwane (2000 to 2004)

This article had its origins in an interest with the disjuncture between the way people think things are and should be, and the way things ‘really are’. Pursuing this notion took place with an appreciation of the inventive role that language can play in exploring and reporting on these different worlds. The article explores some of the emerging meanings, representations, understandings and visualisations of the rapidly-changing urban condition in the 21st century with particular reference to South Africa. The particular case in point, the City of Tshwane, is contextualised and expounded upon by making use of post-modern writings on the contemporary urban condition, urban planning thought and personal interpretations/signage of the local spatial scenery. In a personal re-interpretation of the spatial conditions of the city, i.e. the ‘spaces of recognition’, an open dialogue is entered into with the prevailing ‘spaces of reflection’, i.e. planners’ documentary portrayals of the current ‘spatialities’ and their views and wishes for a better future. Through employing a deconstructive mode of reading the mounting disjuncture, tension and irony in and between the recognisable urban reality and the conceptualised spatial scenery is revealed. The primary argument put forward in the article resonates around planners’ stubborn persistence to hang onto outdated and inappropriate language to make sense of and respond to the world in which they live/function. The authors subsequently argue a case for a far more vivid, fluid, responsive and innovative planning vocabulary, and discourse. In the process they suggest that it is not only the lack of new words/ideas that is of concern, but also the limiting effect that the lack of ’new words/concepts’ have on what planners can see and are willing to see and navigate into existence.&nbsp

A web-based approach to allocating audit resources using the Analytic Hierarchy Process

Internal auditing is a crucial business process, as it ensures that an organization’s operations run effectively and that the organization’s business documents are credible. However, as auditing is an intensive process, the resources available are usually insufficient to conduct complete audits. It is therefore necessary to allocate audit resources in such a way that the overall risk to the organization is minimised. Furthermore, because large organizations can have a large number of departments that are separated geographically, it can be difficult to obtain input from all of the applicable role-players, such as auditors that have working knowledge of the departments and whose input can help reduce the risk faced by the organisation. In this paper a web-based solution is proposed that would aid in calculating the best resource allocation strategy given an evaluation of appropriate risk factors and other issues. The proposed system is based on both qualitative and quantitative techniques described in the literature, but offers more functionality, such as providing for users that are geographically separated. The techniques implemented, as well as the methodology followed to develop the new system will be presented. A real-world application, along with comments from an industry representative, is presented to demonstrate the usefulness of the system

The efficacy of a Bismuth-protein-complex compound in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers

In a clinical trial involving a total of 86 patiellls, the efficacy of Bicitropeptide (BCP) in The treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers was investigated. The gastric ulcer group was treated on a double-blind basis with gastroscopic control, while in the duodenal ulcer group radiological evidence and clinical assessment were used as criteria. In the gastric ulcer group 60% of the patients were completely healed, while in a further 33·3% of the patienrs, The ulcer crater was reduced by more ihan two-thirds of the original size. In the control group, the corresponding figures were 8·3% and 41.6%. In The duodenal ulcer group 88% of the ulcers were considered completely healed. The advantages of Bicitropeptide therapy are discussed and it is concluded that it has a definite place in The treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer disease

Affordability of Higher Education in South Africa: Are Above Inflation Tuition Fee Increases Justified?

This article investigates why South African universities increased their tuition fees above inflation during the period 2010 to 2019 (intentionally excluding the potential distortion caused by COVID-19). The affordability of higher education is the subject of increased debate among stakeholders in South Africa. From a financial point of view, universities, as typical service organisations, should have benefited from an increase in enrolments. The main reason is that their expenses are typically period costs and are hence less affected by an increase in enrolments. However, the key findings of the study on which this article is based were that revenue increased above inflation, with tuition fees the main culprit. In turn, the reason for increased tuition fees is a significant increase in expenses. This suggests that universities did not benefit from economies-of-scale or efficiency in managing their expenses. The research makes a unique contribution to the body of knowledge by assessing why university tuition fees increased using a financial model to project budgeted revenue, expenses and tuition fees (taking inflation and growth in student enrolments into account) for 2019 using actual financial data from 2010