703 research outputs found
SEMI-AUTOMATIC GENERATION OF LINEAR EVENT EXTRACTION PATTERNS FOR FREE TEXTS // Π£ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ€Π£. Π€ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ 2013 ΡΠΎΠΌ155 N4
Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π΅Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ²: Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ° Π½Π΅Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΡ
Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π² Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΡ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π°, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
X-TIME: An in-memory engine for accelerating machine learning on tabular data with CAMs
Structured, or tabular, data is the most common format in data science. While
deep learning models have proven formidable in learning from unstructured data
such as images or speech, they are less accurate than simpler approaches when
learning from tabular data. In contrast, modern tree-based Machine Learning
(ML) models shine in extracting relevant information from structured data. An
essential requirement in data science is to reduce model inference latency in
cases where, for example, models are used in a closed loop with simulation to
accelerate scientific discovery. However, the hardware acceleration community
has mostly focused on deep neural networks and largely ignored other forms of
machine learning. Previous work has described the use of an analog content
addressable memory (CAM) component for efficiently mapping random forests. In
this work, we focus on an overall analog-digital architecture implementing a
novel increased precision analog CAM and a programmable network on chip
allowing the inference of state-of-the-art tree-based ML models, such as
XGBoost and CatBoost. Results evaluated in a single chip at 16nm technology
show 119x lower latency at 9740x higher throughput compared with a
state-of-the-art GPU, with a 19W peak power consumption
SEMI-AUTOMATIC GENERATION OF LINEAR EVENT EXTRACTION PATTERNS FOR FREE TEXTS // Π£ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ€Π£. Π€ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ 2013 ΡΠΎΠΌ155 N4
Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π΅Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ²: Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ° Π½Π΅Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΡ
Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π² Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΡ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π°, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Tree-based machine learning performed in-memory with memristive analog CAM
Tree-based machine learning techniques, such as Decision Trees and Random
Forests, are top performers in several domains as they do well with limited
training datasets and offer improved interpretability compared to Deep Neural
Networks (DNN). However, while easier to train, they are difficult to optimize
for fast inference without accuracy loss in von Neumann architectures due to
non-uniform memory access patterns. Recently, we proposed a novel analog, or
multi-bit, content addressable memory(CAM) for fast look-up table operations.
Here, we propose a design utilizing this as a computational primitive for rapid
tree-based inference. Large random forest models are mapped to arrays of analog
CAMs coupled to traditional analog random access memory (RAM), and the unique
features of the analog CAM enable compression and high performance. An
optimized architecture is compared with previously proposed tree-based model
accelerators, showing improvements in energy to decision by orders of magnitude
for common image classification tasks. The results demonstrate the potential
for non-volatile analog CAM hardware in accelerating large tree-based machine
learning models
Heterogeneous Distribution of Phospholipid Molecular Species in the Surface Culture of <i>Flammulina velutipes</i>: New Facts about Lipids Containing Ξ±-Linolenic Fatty Acid
Mycelial fungi grow as colonies consisting of polar growing hyphae, developing radially from spore or inoculum. Over time, the colony develops, hyphae are subject to various exogenous or endogenous stimuli, and mycelium becomes heterogeneous in growth, gene expression, biosynthesis, and secretion of proteins and metabolites. Although the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of mycelium heterogeneity have been the subject of many studies, the role of lipids in colony development and zonality is still not understood. This work was undertaken to extend our knowledge of mycelium heterogeneity and to answer the question of how different lipid molecular species are distributed in the surface colony of the basidial fungus Flammulina velutipes and how this distribution correlates with its morphology. The heterogeneity in the lipid metabolism and lipid composition of the fungal mycelium was demonstrated. According to the real-time PCR and LC-MS/MS results, the expression of genes of PC metabolism, accumulation of phospholipid classes, and degree of unsaturation of PC and PE increased in the direction from the center to the periphery of the colony. The peripheral zone of the colony was characterized by a higher value of the PC/PE ratio and a higher level of phospholipids esterified by linolenic acid. Considering that the synthesis of phospholipids in fungi occurs in different ways, we also conducted experiments with deuterium-labeled phospholipid precursors and found out that the Kennedy pathway is the predominant route for PC biosynthesis in F. velutipes. The zonal differences in gene expression and lipid composition can be explained by the participation of membrane lipids in polar growth maintenance and regulation
Differentiable Content Addressable Memory with Memristors
Memristors, Flash, and related nonvolatile analog device technologies offer in-memory computing structures operating in the analog domain, such as accelerating linear matrix operations in array structures. These take advantage of analog tunability and large dynamic range. At the other side, content addressable memories (CAM) are fast digital lookup tables which effectively perform nonlinear Boolean logic and return a digital match/mismatch value. Recently, nonvolatile analog CAMs have been presented merging analog storage and analog search operations with digital match/mismatch output. However, CAM blocks cannot easily be inserted within a larger adaptive system due to the challenges of training and learning with binary outputs. Here, a missing link between analog crossbar arrays and CAMs, namely a differentiable content addressable memory (dCAM), is presented. Utilizing nonvolatile memories that act as a βsoftβ memory with analog outputs, dCAM enables learning and fine-tuning of the memory operation and performance. Four applications are quantitatively evaluated to highlight the capabilities: improved data pattern storage, improved robustness to noise and variability, reduced energy and latency performance, and an application to solving Boolean satisfiability optimization problems. The use of dCAM is envisioned as a core building block of fully differentiable computing systems employing multiple types of analog compute operations and memories
Fluorene functionalised sexithiophenes - utilising intramolecular charge transfer to extend the photocurrent spectrum in organic solar cells
A new series of oligothiophenes bearing electron deficient fluorene units have been prepared and characterised. The materials are functionalised by C8/C11 alkyl chains or triethylene glycol side groups, yet the higher oligomers remain poorly soluble. The absorption characteristics of a sexithiophene analogue (compound 3) have been studied by UV-vis and photoinduced absorption spectroscopy. Photovoltaic cells have been fabricated from blends of 3 and fullerene derivative [6,6]-phenyl-C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). The photocurrent spectrum of the device matches the absorption spectrum of the sexithiophene system which incorporates an intramolecular charge transfer band arising from the 1,3-dithiole-fluorene units. A modest power conversion efficiency of 0.1% was achieved
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