Composition of essential oil of leaves and fruits of green strawberry (Fragaria viridis Weston) growing wild in Northern Kazakhstan

Fragaria viridis Weston essential oils from leaves and fruits were obtained by hydrodistillation. The composition of the essential oil from leaves and fruits was analyzed by GC-MS. 39 components were identified in leaves oil representing 67.3-80.7% of the oil composition. The main components of the essential oil from leaves of F. viridis Weston were β-linalool (0.8-8.9%), n-nonanal (0.5-8.6%), tetradecanal (2.1-5.9%), nerolidol (2.1-4.8%), an unidentified component (1.9-6.6%), α-bisabolol (0.8-6.7%), phytol (18.4-47.4%), an unidentified component (0.9-8.2%) depending on the growth conditions. The fruit oil was composed of 34 compounds representing 42.0-70.7% of the total composition of the oil. The main components of the essential oil from fruits of F. viridis Weston were m/p-xylene (2.4-14.0%), isoledene (4.7-8.5%), methyleugenol (3.3-8.4%), α-cedrene (2.5-3.9%), an unidentified component (3.4-9.1%), α-muurolene (6.8-11.3%), nerolidol (1.1-4.8%), α-cedrol (1.7-8.0%), α-bisabolol (2.3-5.0%), an unidentified component (0-25.6%) depending on the growth conditions. This is the first report of the chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from the leaves and fruits of green strawberry (Fragaria viridis Weston)

Expanding the knowledge about Aflatunia ulmifolia (Franch.) Vassilcz. (Rosaceae), a rare forest species of Central Asia

Aflatunia ulmifolia (Franch.) Vassilcz. is a rare, poorly studied species from the Rosaceae Juss family. Its natural distribution range is limited to Central Asia (Western Tien Shan, Pamir-Alay, Dzhungarskiy and Kirghiz Alatau). Information on the current state of natural plant communities with the participation of A. ulmifolia, the introduction potential, and the methods of conservation of the species is limited. The aim of our study was to improve information about A. ulmifolia, by verifying its current distribution range, both in natural habitats and in places where it is introduced, and analyze the major ecological, morphological and biological characteristics of the species. We produced the most up-to-date species distribution map showing both natural and introduced populations of A. ulmifolia. For the first time, we provide a comprehensive list of tree and shrub species co-occurring with A. ulmifolia in Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan. We present detailed information on the successful introduction of A. ulmifolia in nine European and Asian countries. Although the species is not of immediate conservation concern, it might become vulnerable to extinction if its distribution range continues to shrink because of anthropogenic impact and natural disturbances. We argue for the development of effective conservation strategies for A. ulmifolia in nature and for the creation of stable introduction populations of this species in botanical gardens and arboretums

Chemical composition of the essential oil from carnation coniferous (<i>Dianthus acicularis</i> Fisch. ex Ledeb) growing wild in Northern Kazakhstan

<p>The aim of the study was to investigate volatile compounds from the aerial parts of <i>Dianthus acicularis</i> of the genus <i>Dianthus</i> of the family <i>Caryophyllaceae</i> grown wild in Northern Kazakhstan for the first time. <i>D. acicularis</i> is a typical Trans-Volga-Kazakhstani endemic. <i>D. acicularis</i> has high resistance to the bacterial wilt, a serious disease caused by <i>Burkholderia caryophylli</i>. The qualitative and quantitative compositions of the specimens of the essential oils were analysed by the method of GC–MS. The main constituents of <i>D. acicularis</i> essential oil were methyl ketones - 2-pentadecanone (26.9–32.2%) and 2-tridecanone (4.7–17.7%), identified for the first time in the <i>Dianthus</i> genus. The methyl ketone activity provides protection of the plants from herbivores and fungal pathogens. One can suppose that the presence of 2-pentadecanone and 2-tridecanone in the essential oil of carnation coniferous provides its resistance to different insects and pathogens, including the resistance to the bacterial wilt.</p