Ficções dramatúrgicas e cenográficas

Artigo sobre o seminário internacional de críticos de teatro, subordinado ao tema "Ficções dramatúrgicas e cenográficas: convergências e confrontações", realizado no âmbito do 24.º Festival de Teatro de Almada, de 5 a 7 de Julho de 2007 (Casa de Cerca, Almada). Apresentação dos autores que participaram com comunicações e comentário sobre os temas abordados.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The role of Social Capital towards resource sharing in collaborative R&D projects: Evidences from the 7th Framework Programme

This study examines the role of Social capital dimensions towards resource sharing within R&D cooperation projects funded by the 7th Framework Programme (FP7). Data were collected in a survey of 553 FP7 project participants and analysed using two different social network analysis (SNA) methodologies: Logistic regression quadratic assignment procedure and exponential random graph models. Results showed that all Social Capital dimensions helped to explain partners' resource sharing, although to a different extent. Prior ties were often significant, whilst shared vision and commitment were very frequently positive contributors to resource sharing. Trust was rarely significant, and occasionally detrimental, to partners' resource sharing. Therefore, the FP7 provided a collaborative but opportunistic environment for public and private actors. The novelty of this study derives from the combination of social capital theory with SNA to study intra-project partner relationships, contributing to a better understanding on the diversity of partner relationships within R&D projects.FCT doctoral grant (SFRH/BD/68802/2010) with funds from POPH/National Strategic Reference Framework, subsidized by the European Social Fund and MEC funds, and by FCT/MEC through Portuguese funds (PIDDAC)-PEst-OE/BIA/UI4050/2014info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Coca-Cola - a model of transparency in research partnerships? A network analysis of Coca-Cola's research funding (2008-2016).

OBJECTIVE: To (i) evaluate the extent to which Coca-Cola's 'Transparency Lists' of 218 researchers that it funds are comprehensive; (ii) map all scientific research acknowledging funding from Coca-Cola; (iii) identify those institutions, authors and research topics funded by Coca-Cola; and (iv) use Coca-Cola's disclosure to gauge whether its funded researchers acknowledge the source of funding. DESIGN: Using Web of Science Core Collection database, we retrieved all studies declaring receipt of direct funding from the Coca-Cola brand, published between 2008 and 2016. Using conservative eligibility criteria, we iteratively removed studies and recreated Coca-Cola's transparency lists using our data. We used network analysis and structural topic modelling to assess the structure, organization and thematic focus of Coca-Cola's research enterprise, and string matching to evaluate the completeness of Coca-Cola's transparency lists. RESULTS: Three hundred and eighty-nine articles, published in 169 different journals, and authored by 907 researchers, cite funding from The Coca-Cola Company. Of these, Coca-Cola acknowledges funding forty-two authors (<5 %). We observed that the funded research focuses mostly on nutrition and emphasizes the importance of physical activity and the concept of 'energy balance'. CONCLUSIONS: The Coca-Cola Company appears to have failed to declare a comprehensive list of its research activities. Further, several funded authors appear to have failed to declare receipt of funding. Most of Coca-Cola's research support is directed towards physical activity and disregards the role of diet in obesity. Despite initiatives for greater transparency of research funding, the full scale of Coca-Cola's involvement is still not known

Science organisations and Coca-Cola's 'war' with the public health community: insights from an internal industry document.

Critics have long accused food and beverage companies of trying to exonerate their products from blame for obesity by funding organisations that highlight alternative causes. Yet, conclusions about the intentions of food and beverage companies in funding scientific organisations have been prevented by limited access to industry's internal documents. Here we allow the words of Coca-Cola employees to speak about how the corporation intended to advance its interests by funding the Global Energy Balance Network (GEBN). The documents reveal that Coca-Cola funded and supported the GEBN because it would serve as a 'weapon' to 'change the conversation' about obesity amidst a 'growing war between the public health community and private industry'. Despite its close links to the Coca-Cola company, the GEBN was to be portrayed as an 'honest broker' in this 'war'. The GEBN's message was to be promoted via an extensive advocacy campaign linking researchers, policy-makers, health professionals, journalists and the general public. Ultimately, these activities were intended to advance Coca-Cola's corporate interests: as they note, their purpose was to 'promote practices that are effective in terms of both policy and profit'. Coca-Cola's proposal for establishing the GEBN corroborates concerns about food and beverage corporations' involvement in scientific organisations and their similarities with Big Tobacco

Examining household effects on individual Twitter adoption: A multilevel analysis based on U.K. household survey data

Previous studies mainly focused on individual-level factors that influence the adoption and usage of mobile technology and social networking sites, with little emphasis paid to the influences of household situations. Using multilevel modelling approach, this study merges household- (n1 = 1,455) and individual-level (n2 = 2,570) data in the U.K. context to investigate (a) whether a household economic capital (HEC) can affect its members’ Twitter adoption, (b) whether the influences are mediated by the member’s activity variety and self-reported efficacy with mobile technology, and (c) whether the members’ traits, including educational level, gross income and residential area, moderate the relationship between HEC and Twitter adoption. Significant direct and indirect associations were discovered between HEC and its members’ Twitter adoption. The educational level and gross income of household members moderated the influence of HEC on individuals’ Twitter adoption

Linking survey with Twitter data: Examining associations among smartphone usage, privacy concern and Twitter linkage consent

Linking survey and social media data has gained popularity. However, obtaining consent from respondents to link social media is a known challenge. Using data from a nationally representative survey of the U.K. this study investigated whether respondents’ a) activity frequency, b) activity variety and c) technical skills with smartphones are associated with consent to link Twitter data to survey responses. Additionally, this study explored mediating role of privacy and security concern and moderating effects of age, gender, employment and educational level to better understand the influences of privacy concern on Twitter linkage consent. Results showed that activity variety with smartphones is positively associated with Twitter linkage consent, and privacy concern mediated the effects of activity frequency and activity variety with smartphones on linkage consent. Age and employment status moderated the associations between privacy concern and linkage consent, with younger and employed respondents being more likely to be affected by privacy concern

Crawling leaves: photosynthesis in sacoglossan sea slugs

Some species of sacoglossan sea slugs can maintain functional chloroplasts from specific algal food sources in the cells of their digestive diverticula. These 'stolen' chloroplasts (kleptoplasts) can survive in the absence of the plant cell and continue to photosynthesize, in some cases for as long as one year. Within the Metazoa, this phenomenon (kleptoplasty) seems to have only evolved among sacoglossan sea slugs. Known for over a century, the mechanisms of interaction between the foreign organelle and its host animal cell are just now starting to be unravelled. In the study of sacoglossan sea slugs as photosynthetic systems, it is important to understand their relationship with light. This work reviews the state of knowledge on autotrophy as a nutritional source for sacoglossans and the strategies they have developed to avoid excessive light, with emphasis to the behavioural and physiological mechanisms suggested to be involved in the photoprotection of kleptoplasts. A special focus is given to the advantages and drawbacks of using pulse amplitude modulated fluorometry in photobiological studies addressing sacoglossan sea slugs. Finally, the classification of photosynthetic sacoglossan sea slugs according to their ability to retain functional kleptoplasts and the importance of laboratory culturing of these organisms are briefly discussed.SC was supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) with the postdoctoral grant SFRH/BPD/ 74531/2010 and by the Seventh Framework Program (FP7) Marie Curie Career Integration Grant (CIG) PCIG11-GA- 2012-322349. The authors wish to thank two anonymous reviewers for critical comments on the manuscript.publishe

Photoacclimation state determines the photobehaviour of motile microalgae: the case of a benthic diatom

High productivity in intertidal microphytobenthic communities is achieved despite exposure to extreme and dynamic conditions (e.g. light, salinity, temperature). As an adaptation to this hostile environment, most of the microalgae species inhabiting fine-sediment habitats are motile, being able to migrate vertically within the uppermost layers of the sediment and actively regulating their exposure to light. In this work we tested the hypothesis that the migratory photobehaviour of benthic diatoms, the dominant group in microphytobenthic assemblages, is conditioned by their photophysiological state (i.e. photoacclimation). Unialgal cultures of themotile diatom Navicula cf. recenswere grown under contrasting light regimes (20 and 300 μmol quantam−2 s−1) to induce different photoacclimation states. The migratory response to light was characterized by studying the distribution of motile cells along a light gradient (photoaccumulation curve), using a custom-build photoaccumulation chamber. The photoaccumulation curves were constructed by measuring the accumulation of cells along the light gradient using a light transmission index. The variation of the photophysiological state of the cells along the light gradient was measured using Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) fluorometry (maximum quantum yield and light response curves of the relative electron transport rate of photosystem II). The results showed clearly different photoaccumulation curves for low and high-light acclimated cells. Although in both cases, cells avoided extreme lowand high light levels,maximumcell accumulation was reached at markedly different light intensities depending on growth light conditions and resulting photoacclimation state: 72 and 104 μmol quanta m−2 s−1 for the low and high light-acclimated cells, respectively. Strong relationships were found between photophysiological parameters characterizing photoacclimation or susceptibility to photoinhibition and migratory light response, supporting that this diatom uses motility to select the optimal light exposure according to its photophysiological preferences

Pigment profile in the photosynthetic sea slug Elysia viridis (Montagu, 1804)

Some sacoglossan sea slugs are capable of retaining functional chloroplasts stolen' from macroalgae (kleptoplasts). The present study surveyed the pigment composition of the sea slug Elysia viridis (Montagu, 1804) and its food source Codium tomentosum from three different locations along the Portuguese coast. The pigments siphonaxanthin, trans and cis-neoxanthin, violaxanthin, siphonaxanthin dodecenoate, chlorophyll (Chl) a and Chl b, {varepsilon},{varepsilon}- and {beta},{varepsilon}-carotenes and an unidentified carotenoid were observed in all E. viridis analysed. With the exception of the unidentified carotenoid, the same pigment profile was recorded for the macroalga C. tomentosum. Pigments characteristic of other macroalgae present in the sampling locations (Ulva sp. or the epiphyte Ceramium sp. present on C. tomentosum) were not detected in the slugs (Chl c, fucoxanthin, lutein, {beta},{beta}-carotene). These results suggest that E. viridis retained chloroplasts exclusively from C. tomentosum. The differentiation between sea slugs and respective food source from different locations indicated that the site of collection was less relevant to the separation of groups than differences between the macroalgae and the sea slugs. In general, the carotenoids to Chl a ratios were significantly higher in E. viridis than in C. tomentosum. Further analysis using starved individuals suggests carotenoid retention over Chls during the digestion of kleptoplasts. Finally, despite a loss of 80% of Chl a in E. viridis starved for 2 weeks, measurements of maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) using variable Chl a fluorescence indicated a decrease of only 5% of the photosynthetic capacity of kleptoplasts

The “creme brulee” sampler: a new high-resolution method for the fast vertical sampling of intertidal fine sediments

The reduced depth of the photic zone in most intertidal and shallow coastal sediments makes the characterization of its properties a considerable methodological challenge. Availablemethods for sediment sampling present insufficient resolution (ca. 2 mm) for sedimentary biofilms or require considerable post-sampling handling and operator expertise. In this study, we describe a new cryo-sampling device allowing the collection of sediment vertical sections as thin as 250 μm in a fast, inexpensive and reliable way. The method was validated by quantifying common sediment physical properties (mass, water content) of samples of different thicknesses (from 250 μmto 2mm) collected fromdifferent sampling sites (mud and sandy-mud sediments) by operatorswith different levels of training. Its usefulness was demonstrated by characterizing the short-term dynamics of microphytobenthos biomass (chlorophyll a content) during a typical vertical migratory event. Results emphasize the importance of choosing the sample thicknessmatching the dynamic processes under study in intertidal sediments. This device opens promising perspectives in studies susceptible to generate a large number of samples and where the fine-scale properties of the surface sediment are of importance