Impact of Human Development Indicators on Child Mortality: The Case Study of Iran

The mortality rate of children under the age of five is of particular importance, as it is often related to the general level of health and living standard condition of the household in the society. The study aimed to investigate the effects of the Human Development Index on public health with particular reference to the under-five mortality rate in Iran. As a method a descriptive-analytical method including ordinary least square regression analysis was used to identify the causal relationship between the human development index and the under-five mortality rate during the period of the study (1987-2017) in Iran. The results show that there is a negative and meaningful relationship between the human development index (HDI) level and the under-five mortality rate. Moreover, the control variables including inflation rate, unemployment rate, and income distribution inequality index showed a positive and meaningful impact on the under-five mortality rate. Given that human capital is considered the engine of economic growth and development, it can be concluded that any increase in health expenditures through improvements in human capital inventory leads to increased economic growth, increased life expectancy, and decreased under-five mortality rate

Comparative Study of the Housing Industry Performance in country ‎

The aim of this study is to measure the technical efficiency of housing construction in Iran and also to define current status of the housing industry system and its future in the country. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the input based model of CCR with fixed return to scale have been used to evaluate housing industry performance in different states of Iran during the years 2006-2009. The complementary BCC approach with assumption of variable return to scale has been used for dividing technical efficiency to management and scale efficiencies. The findings imply that the average efficiency score obtained by all the states is 0.94 and only 37 percent of the states operate technically efficient. On the other hand, about 63 percent of the states are found as relatively inefficient and mostly present decreasing return to scale. Also, it has been found that the inefficient states have management inefficiency in utilizing construction inputs. Without any doubt, managerial and supportive assistance of the government to inefficient states, motivating construction employees to proper jobs and knowledge development in optimum assignment of construction factors could be appropriate solutions for the problems of the housing sector

Efficiency Measurement of Housing Sector in Iran

The present research provides a critical review of the housing industry efficiency and its future in Iran. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used to evaluate housing industry performance in different states based on the relevant data collected from Statistical Centres of Iran during 2006-2009. The research found that only 30 percent of the states operate as technically efficient and the average efficiency score obtained by all states is 0.90. Most of the technically efficient states have the opportunity to employ illegally migrated workers of neighboring countries in building construction activities using the advantages of lower level of payments and less commitment to the worker's insurance regulations in the country. Providing subsidy assistance to disadvantaged states and stimulating legal employment of building workers will supplement the government in finding a solution to the current housing problem.

Impact of ICT development on Capital Market Growth; Evidences from Tehran Stock Exchange

Many economists, attribute the slowing growth of financial markets to ICT sector inefficiency; therefore the purpose of this study is to find out the effect of ICT development on Growth of capital markets in Iran, using empirical evidences of Tehran Stock Exchange for the time period of 2012 to 2014. For this purpose, a multivariate regression (OLS) model was used to analyze the impact of independent ICT variables such as number of online transactions users, amount of online trading volume, number of electronic published stock exchange notices for exchange users, total amount of ICT expenditure costs, the ratio of capital market active users to total number of stock exchange users and the ratio of online transactions to total number of transactions occurred during the period of study on dependent variable of capital markets growth rate in Tehran Stock Exchange. The results imply that there is a direct and meaningful relationship between ICT tools and equipments and capital markets growth rate in Tehran Stock Exchange which ultimately increases transactions and traders quantity at the end. But the results showed also a distinct result for using different methods of information economics transparency in the Stock Exchange market

Determinant Factors of Rural Income Distribution with Special Reference to Information and Communication Technology

The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of information and communication technology development on economic development and income distribution of rural communities and to answer this question that whether the development of information and communication technologies in rural areas could improve income distribution condition in these communities or not. To this end, data on 30 province of country during 2000-2009 and panel data method has used. Results approves Kuznet's inverted U theory with respect to the economic growth and income distribution and shows that information and communication technology development has improved the income distribution and economic justice in country's rural communities. The negative and significant coefficient (-0.15), of number of computer users among rural households, show that the development of information and communication technologies in rural areas of the country play as a factor for improving income distribution in these communities. The model estimation also showed a significant and positive effect of urbanization and unemployment on the dependent variable. This means that with rising unemployment, the condition of income distribution has worsened in rural communities during the period of study