1,205 research outputs found
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction Induces Formation of Lipid Droplets as a Generalized Response to Stress
Lipid droplet (LD) formation is a hallmark of cellular stress. Cells attempt to combat noxious stimuli by switching their metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis, sparing resources in LDs for generating cellular reducing power and for anabolic biosynthesis. Membrane phospholipids are also a source of LDs. To elucidate the formation of LDs, we exposed mice to hyperoxia, hypoxia, myocardial ischemia, and sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). All the above-mentioned stressors enhanced the formation of LDs, as assessed by transmission electron microscopy, with severe mitochondrial swelling. Disruption of mitochondria by depleting mitochondrial DNA (Ï0 cells) significantly augmented the formation of LDs, causing transcriptional activation of fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolic reprogramming to glycolysis. Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 counteracts CLP-mediated septic shock in mouse models. In HO-1-deficient mice, LD formation was not observed upon CLP, but a concomitant decrease in âLD-decorating proteinsâ was observed, implying a link between LDs and cytoprotective activity. Collectively, LD biogenesis during stress can trigger adaptive LD formation, which is dependent on mitochondrial integrity and HO-1 activity; this may be a cellular survival strategy, apportioning energy-generating substrates to cellular defense
Consistency test of general relativity from large scale structure of the Universe
We construct a consistency test of General Relativity (GR) on cosmological
scales. This test enables us to distinguish between the two alternatives to
explain the late-time accelerated expansion of the universe, that is, dark
energy models based on GR and modified gravity models without dark energy. We
derive the consistency relation in GR which is written only in terms of
observables - the Hubble parameter, the density perturbations, the peculiar
velocities and the lensing potential. The breakdown of this consistency
relation implies that the Newton constant which governs large-scale structure
is different from that in the background cosmology, which is a typical feature
in modified gravity models. We propose a method to perform this test by
reconstructing the weak lensing spectrum from measured density perturbations
and peculiar velocities. This reconstruction relies on Poisson's equation in GR
to convert the density perturbations to the lensing potential. Hence any
inconsistency between the reconstructed lensing spectrum and the measured
lensing spectrum indicates the failure of GR on cosmological scales. The
difficulties in performing this test using actual observations are discussed.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figur
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Corrigendum: 3D Hybrid Scaffolds Based on PEDOT:PSS/MWCNT Composites.
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00363.]
3D Hybrid Scaffolds Based on PEDOT:PSS/MWCNT Composites
Conducting polymer scaffolds combine the soft-porous structures of scaffolds with the electrical properties of conducting polymers. In most cases, such functional systems are developed by combining an insulating scaffold matrix with electrically conducting materials in a 3D hybrid network. However, issues arising from the poor electronic properties of such hybrid systems, hinder their application in many areas. This work reports on the design of a 3D electroactive scaffold, which is free of an insulating matrix. These 3D polymer constructs comprise of a water soluble conducting polymer (PEDOT:PSS) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The insertion of the MWCNTs in the 3D polymer matrix directly contributes to the electron transport efficiency, resulting in a 7-fold decrease in resistivity values. The distribution of CNTs, as characterized by SEM and Raman spectroscopy, further define the micro- and nano-structural topography while providing active sites for protein attachment, thereby rendering the system suitable for biological/sensing applications. The resulting scaffolds, combine high porosity, mechanical stability and excellent conducting properties, thus can be suitable for a variety of applications ranging from tissue engineering and biomedical devices to (bio-) energy storage
Prescribers\u27 Satisfaction with Delivering Medications for Opioid Use Disorder
BACKGROUND: Expanding access to medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), such as buprenorphine and extended release (XR) naltrexone, is critical to addressing the US opioid epidemic, but little is known about prescriber satisfaction with delivering these two types of MOUD. The current study describes the satisfaction of prescribers delivering buprenorphine and XR-naltrexone while examining whether satisfaction is associated with current patient census and organizational environment.
METHODS: As part of a cluster randomized clinical trial (RCT) focused on expanding access to medication for opioid use disorder, 41 MOUD prescribers in Florida, Ohio, and Wisconsin completed a web-based survey. The survey included measures of prescriber satisfaction with delivering buprenorphine treatment and XR-naltrexone. In addition, the survey measured several prescriber characteristics and their perceptions of the organizational environment.
RESULTS: Prescribers were generally satisfied with their work in delivering these two types of MOUD. Prescribers reporting a greater number of patients (r = .46, p = .006), those who would recommend the center to others (r = .56, p \u3c .001), and those reporting positive relationships with staff (r = .56, p \u3c .001) reported significantly greater overall satisfaction with delivering buprenorphine treatment. Prescribers who more strongly endorsed feeling overburdened reported lower overall buprenorphine satisfaction (r = -.37, p = .02). None of the prescriber characteristics or perceptions of the organizational environment were significantly associated with overall satisfaction with delivering XR-naltrexone treatment.
CONCLUSIONS: The generally high levels of satisfaction with both types of MOUD is notable given that prescriber dissatisfaction can lead to turnover and impact intentions to leave the profession. Future research should continue to explore the prescriber characteristics and organizational factors associated with satisfaction in providing different types of MOUD.
REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT02926482. Date of registration: September 9, 2016. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02926482
E835 at FNAL: Charmonium Spectroscopy in Annihilations
I present preliminary results on the search for in its
and decay modes. We observe an excess of \eta_c\gamma{\cal P} \sim 0.001M=3525.8 \pm 0.2 \pm 0.2
\Gamma\leq10.6\pm 3.7\pm3.4(br) <
\Gamma_{\bar{p}p}B_{\eta_c\gamma} < 12.8\pm 4.8\pm4.5(br) J/\psi\pi^0$ mode.Comment: Presented at the 6th International Conference on Hyperons, Charm and
Beauty Hadrons (BEACH 2004), Chicago(Il), June 27-July 3,200
Complications of fixed infrared emitters in computer-assisted total knee arthroplasties
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The first stage in the implant of a total knee arthroplasty with computer-assisted surgery is to fasten the emitters to the femur and the tibia. These trackers must be hard-fixed to the bone. The objectives of our study are to evaluate the technical problems and complications of these tracker-pins, the necessary time to fix them to the bone and the possible advantages of a new femoral-fixed tracker-pin.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Three hundred and sixty seven tracker-pins were used in one hundred and fifty one computer-assisted total knee replacements. A bicortical screw was used to fix the tracker to the tibia in all cases; in the femur, however, a bicortical tracker was used in 112 cases, while a new device (OrthoLock) with percutaneous fixation pins was employed in the remaining 39.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Technical problems related to the fixing of the trackers appeared in nine cases (2.5%). The mean surgery time to fix the tracker pin to the tibia was 3 minutes (range 2â7), and 5 minutes in the case of the femoral pin (range: 4â11), although with the new tool it was only three minutes (range 2â4) (p < 0.001). No complications were observed with this new device.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The incidence of problems and complications with the fixing systems used in knee navigation is very small. The use of a new device with percutaneous pins facilitates the fixing of femoral trackers and decreases the time needed to place them.</p
Search for CP Violation in D Meson Decays to phi pi+
We search for CP violation in Cabibbo-suppressed charged D meson decays by
measuring the difference between the CP violating asymmetries for the
Cabibbo-suppressed decays D+ -> K+K-pi+ and the Cabibbo-favored decays Ds ->
K+K-pi+ in the K+K- mass region of the phi resonance. Using 955/fb of data
collected with the Belle detector we obtain A_CP(D+ -> phi pi+) = (+0.51 +-
0.28 +- 0.05)%. The measurement improves the sensitivity of previous searches
by more than a factor of five. We find no evidence for direct CP violation.Comment: submitted to PR
First Measurement of Inclusive B -> X_s eta Decays
We report a first measurement of inclusive B -> X_s eta decays, where X_s is
a charmless state with unit strangeness. The measurement is based on a
pseudo-inclusive reconstruction technique and uses a sample of 657 x 10^6
BB-bar pairs accumulated with the Belle detector at the KEKB e^+e^- collider.
For M_{X_s} < 2.6 GeV/c^2, we measure a branching fraction of (26.1 +/- 3.0
(stat) +1.9 -2.1 (syst) +4.0 -7.1 (model)) x 10^-5 and a direct CP asymmetry of
A_{CP} = -0.13 +/- 0.04 +0.02 -0.03. Over half of the signal occurs in the
range M_{X_s} > 1.8 GeV/c^2.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure, 1 table, submitted to Physical Review Letter
Measurements of Branching Fractions and Time-dependent CP Violating Asymmetries in Decays
We report measurements of branching fractions and time-dependent CP
asymmetries in and decays
using a data sample that contains pairs
collected at the resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB
asymmetric-energy collider. We determine the branching fractions to
be
and . We measure CP asymmetry parameters and in and , ,
, and in , where the first uncertainty is
statistical and the second is systematic. We exclude the conservation of CP
symmetry in both decays at equal to or greater than significance.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figure
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