Renal outcomes and all-cause death associated with sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors versus other glucose-lowering drugs (CVD-REAL 3 Korea)

Aims To investigate the effectiveness of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on the risk of progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and all-cause mortality in a broad range of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) using a Korean nationwide cohort. Materials and Methods Using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database from January 2014 to December 2017, a total of 701 674 patients were identified with T2D. We divided these patients into new users of SGLT2 inhibitors and new users of other glucose-lowering drugs (oGLDs). Using propensity scores, patients in the two groups were matched 1:1. We assessed the risk of ESRD and all-cause death. Results There were 45 016 patients in each group, and baseline characteristics were well balanced between the groups. The patients' mean age was 58.1 +/- 10.6 years and mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 89.2 +/- 27.4 mL/min/1.73m(2), and 8% of patients had proteinuria. We identified 167 incident ESRD cases and 1070 all-cause deaths during follow-up. Use of SGLT2 inhibitors versus oGLDs was associated with a lower risk of ESRD (hazard ratio [HR] 0.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.34 to 0.65) and all-cause death (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.93). In a subgroup analysis by eGFR, initiation of SGLT2 inhibitor treatment, compared with oGLD treatment, was associated with lower risk of progression to ESRD among patients with eGFR 60 to 90 mL/min/1.73m(2) and those with eGFR = 90 and 60 to 90 mL/min/1.73m(2). Conclusion In this large nationwide study of Korean patients with T2D, initiation of SGLT2 inhibitors versus oGLDs was associated with lower risk of ESRD and all-cause death

Effect of pioglitazone on serum concentrations of osteoprotegerin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

OBJECTIVE: Osteoprotegerin (OPG) acts as an important regulatory molecule in atherosclerosis. Recent studies report that thiazolidinediones could affect OPG expression. We investigated the relationship between OPG and inflammatory cytokines and the effects of pioglitazone (a PPARγ (PPARG) agonist) versus metformin on serum OPG levels in type 2 diabetic patients. DESIGN AND METHODS: Sixty-seven type 2 diabetic patients were included in this study. They were assigned to pioglitazone (15 mg/day, n=34) or metformin (1000 mg/day, n=33) during 24 weeks. Various anthropometric and metabolic parameters, OPG, interleukin 6 (IL6), C-reactive protein (CRP), adiponectin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), were measured at baseline and at 6 months of treatment. RESULTS: Serum OPG levels correlated significantly with fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HbAlc, HOMA-IR, IL6, and CRP, and inversely correlated with adiponectin after adjusting for age (P<0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that FPG, HbAlc, and adioponectin were independently correlated with OPG level. After 6 months of treatment, the reduction in FPG and HbAlc levels was similar between the two groups. Pioglitazone treatment significantly increased body mass index (P<0.05) and waist circumference (P<0.05) and decreased triglycerides (P<0.05) and HOMA-IR (P<0.01). The adiponectin concentration was increased (P<0.05), and OPG and CRP levels were decreased in the pioglitazone group (P<0.05), but were unchanged in the metformin group. The changes in serum OPG in the pioglitazone group showed significant correlation with changes in FPG, HbAlc, and adiponectin. CONCLUSIONS: In type 2 diabetic patients, pioglitazone decreases OPG levels, and this decrease in OPG levels might be associated with the increase in adiponectin.ope

Search for CP Violation in D Meson Decays to phi pi+

We search for CP violation in Cabibbo-suppressed charged D meson decays by measuring the difference between the CP violating asymmetries for the Cabibbo-suppressed decays D+ -> K+K-pi+ and the Cabibbo-favored decays Ds -> K+K-pi+ in the K+K- mass region of the phi resonance. Using 955/fb of data collected with the Belle detector we obtain A_CP(D+ -> phi pi+) = (+0.51 +- 0.28 +- 0.05)%. The measurement improves the sensitivity of previous searches by more than a factor of five. We find no evidence for direct CP violation.Comment: submitted to PR

Search for double charmonium decays of the P-wave spin-triplet bottomonium states

Using a sample of 158 million $\Upsilon(2S)$ events collected with the Belle detector, we search for the first time for double charmonium decays of the $P$-wave spin-triplet bottomonium states ($\Upsilon(2S) \to \gamma \chi_{bJ}$, \chi_{bJ} \to \jpsi \jpsi, \jpsi \psp, \psp \psp for J=0, 1, and 2). No significant $\chi_{bJ}$ signal is observed in the double charmonium mass spectra, and we obtain the following upper limits, \BR(\chi_{bJ} \to \jpsi \jpsi)<7.1\times 10^{-5}, $2.7\times 10^{-5}$, $4.5\times 10^{-5}$, \BR(\chi_{bJ} \to \jpsi \psp)<1.2\times 10^{-4}, $1.7\times 10^{-5}$, $4.9\times 10^{-5}$, \BR(\chi_{bJ} \to \psp \psp)<3.1\times 10^{-5}, $6.2\times 10^{-5}$, $1.6\times 10^{-5}$ for J=0, 1, and 2, respectively, at the 90% confidence level. These limits are significantly lower than the central values (with uncertainties of 50% to 70%) predicted using the light cone formalism but are consistent with calculations using the NRQCD factorization approach.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, 1 tabl

Observation of X(3872)→J/ψγX(3872)\to J/\psi \gamma and search for X(3872)→ψ′γX(3872)\to\psi'\gamma in B decays

We report a study of $B\to (J/\psi \gamma) K$ and $B\to (\psi' \gamma)K$ decay modes using $772\times 10^{6}$ $B\bar{B}$ events collected at the \Upsilon(4S)$resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB energy-asymmetric$e^+ e^-$collider. We observe$X(3872) \to J/\psi \gamma$and report the first evidence for$\chi_{c2} \to J/\psi \gamma$in$B\to (X_{c\bar{c}}\gamma) K$decays, while in a search for$X(3872) \to \psi' \gamma$no significant signal is found. We measure the branching fractions,$\mathcal{B}(B^{\pm} \to X(3872) K^{\pm}) \mathcal{B}(X(3872) \to J/\psi\gamma)$$=$$(1.78^{+0.48}_{-0.44}\pm 0.12)\times 10^{-6}$,$\mathcal{B} (B^{\pm} \to\chi_{c2} K^{\pm})$$=$$(1.11^{+0.36}_{-0.34} \pm 0.09) \times 10^{-5}$,$\mathcal{B}(B^{\pm} \to X(3872) K^{\pm}) \mathcal{B}(X(3872) \to \psi'\gamma)$$<$$3.45\times 10^{-6}$ (upper limit at 90% C.L.) and also provide upper limits for other searches.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure

First Observation of Radiative B^0 -> \phi K^0 \gamma Decays and Measurements of Their Time-Dependent CP Violation

We report the first observation of the radiative decay B^0 -> \phi K^0 \gamma using a data sample of 772 x 10^6 B B-bar pairs collected at the \Upsilon(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e^+e^- collider. We observe a signal of 37+/-8 events with a significance of 5.4 standard deviations including systematic uncertainties. The measured branching fraction is ${\cal B}(B^0 -> \phi K^0 \gamma) = (2.74\pm 0.60 \pm 0.32) \times 10^{-6}$, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. We also report the first measurements of time-dependent CP violation parameters: ${\mathcal S}_{\phi K_S^0 \gamma} = +0.74^{+0.72}_{-1.05} (stat)^{+0.10}_{-0.24} (syst)$ and ${\mathcal A}_{\phi K_S^0 \gamma} = +0.35 +/- 0.58 (stat)^{+0.23}_{-0.10} (syst)$. Furthermore, we measure ${\mathcal B}(B^+ -> \phi K^+ \gamma) = (2.48 +/- 0.30 +/- 0.24) x 10^{-6}$, ${\mathcal A}_{CP} = -0.03 +/- 0.11 +/- 0.08$ and find that the signal is concentrated in the M_{\phi K} mass region near threshold.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, Modified version is to be published in PRD(RC

First Measurement of Inclusive B -> X_s eta Decays

We report a first measurement of inclusive B -> X_s eta decays, where X_s is a charmless state with unit strangeness. The measurement is based on a pseudo-inclusive reconstruction technique and uses a sample of 657 x 10^6 BB-bar pairs accumulated with the Belle detector at the KEKB e^+e^- collider. For M_{X_s} < 2.6 GeV/c^2, we measure a branching fraction of (26.1 +/- 3.0 (stat) +1.9 -2.1 (syst) +4.0 -7.1 (model)) x 10^-5 and a direct CP asymmetry of A_{CP} = -0.13 +/- 0.04 +0.02 -0.03. Over half of the signal occurs in the range M_{X_s} > 1.8 GeV/c^2.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure, 1 table, submitted to Physical Review Letter

Precision measurement of charged pion and kaon differential cross sections in electron-positron annihilation at Q = 10.52 GeV

Measurements of inclusive differential cross sections for charged pion and kaon production in electron-positron annihilation have been carried out at a center-of-mass energy of Q = 10.52 GeV. The measurements were performed with the Belle detector at the KEKB electron-positron collider using a data sample containing 113 million e+e- -> qqbar events, where q={u,d,s,c}. We present charge-integrated differential cross sections d\sigma_h+-/dz for h+- = pi+-, K+- as a function of the relative hadron energy z = 2*E_h / sqrt{s} from 0.2 to 0.98. The combined statistical and systematic uncertainties for pi+- (K+-) are 4% (4%) at z ~ 0.6 and 15% (24%) at z ~ 0.9. The cross sections are the first measurements of the z-dependence of pion and kaon production for z > 0.7 as well as the first precision cross section measurements at a center-of-mass energy far below the Z^0 resonance used by the experiments at LEP and SLC.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures. Ancillary file including all cross section and uncertainty values with 10 pages, 5 figure

Measurement of the CP-violation Parameter sin2ϕ1\phi_1 with a New Tagging Method at the Υ(5S)\Upsilon(5S) Resonance

We report a measurement of the CP-violation parameter sin2$\phi_1$ at the $\Upsilon(5S)$ resonance using a new tagging method, called "$B$-$\pi$ tagging." In $\Upsilon(5S)$ decays containing a neutral $B$ meson, a charged $B$, and a charged pion, the neutral $B$ is reconstructed in the $J/\psi K_S^0$ CP-eigenstate decay channel. The initial flavor of the neutral $B$ meson at the moment of the $\Upsilon(5S)$ decay is opposite to that of the charged $B$ and may thus be inferred from the charge of the pion without reconstructing the charged $B$. From the asymmetry between $B$-$\pi^+$ and $B$-$\pi^-$ tagged $J/\psi K_S^0$ yields, we determine sin2$\phi_1$ = 0.57 $\pm$ 0.58(stat) $\pm$ 0.06(syst). The results are based on 121 fb$^{-1}$ of data recorded by the Belle detector at the KEKB $e^+ e^-$ collider.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures (submitted to PRL

Bounds on the width, mass difference and other properties of X(3872) --> pi+pi-J/psi decays

We present results from a study of X(3872) --> pi+pi- J/psi decays produced via exclusive B--> K X(3872) decays. We determine the mass to be M_X(3872)= (3871.84\pm 0.27 (stat)\pm 0.19 (syst)) MeV, a 90% CL upper limit on the natural width of Gamma_X(3872) K+X(3872))xBf(X(3872)-->pi+pi-J/psi)=(8.61 \pm 0.82(stat) \pm 0.52 (syst)) x10^{-6}, and a ratio of branching fractions Bf(B0--> K0 X(3872))/BF(B+--> K+ X(3872))=0.50\pm 0.14(stat)\pm0.04(syst). The difference in mass between the X(3872)-->pi+pi-J/psi signals in B+ and B0 decays is Delta M_{X(3872)= (-0.69 \pm 0.97 (stat)} \pm 0.19 (syst)) MeV. A search for a charged partner of the X(3872) in the decays Bbar0-->K- X+ or B+-->K0X+, X+-->pi+pi0 J/psi resulted in upper limits on the product branching fractions for these processes that are well below expectations for the case that the X(3872) is the neutral member of an isospin triplet. In addition, we examine possible J^{PC} quantum number assignments for the X(3872) based on comparisons of angular correlations between final state particles in X(3872)-->pi+pi-J/psi decays with simulated data for J^{PC} values of 1^{++} and 2^{-+}. We examine the influence of rho-omega interference in the M(pi+pi-) spectrum. The analysis is based on a 711fb^{-1} data sample that contains 772 million BBbar meson pairs collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance in the Belle detector at the KEKB e+e- collider.Comment: 15 pages, 10 figures and 6 tables. Submitted to Physical Review