Encoding Multi-Domain Scientific Papers by Ensembling Multiple CLS Tokens

Many useful tasks on scientific documents, such as topic classification and citation prediction, involve corpora that span multiple scientific domains. Typically, such tasks are accomplished by representing the text with a vector embedding obtained from a Transformer's single CLS token. In this paper, we argue that using multiple CLS tokens could make a Transformer better specialize to multiple scientific domains. We present Multi2SPE: it encourages each of multiple CLS tokens to learn diverse ways of aggregating token embeddings, then sums them up together to create a single vector representation. We also propose our new multi-domain benchmark, Multi-SciDocs, to test scientific paper vector encoders under multi-domain settings. We show that Multi2SPE reduces error by up to 25 percent in multi-domain citation prediction, while requiring only a negligible amount of computation in addition to one BERT forward pass

도시 경쟁력의 관점에서 본 인구이동과 지방정부 지출 - 서울시 25개 자치구를 대상으로

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 행정대학원 : 행정학과 행정학전공, 2016. 8. 임도빈.This research mainly investigates the relationship between urban migration and local government expenditure within 25 districts in Seoul, Korea. The network analysis provides different origin-destination combinations of migration within Seoul, and it also shows the frequency and popularity of certain districts. Another part of the research, which is based on a 7-year (2008- 2014) panel data multiple regression analysis on government expenditures, has discovered positive relationships between migration and local district government expenditure on social welfare, and migration and local district government expenditure on living environments. The results as a whole seem to be concurrent with bigger current issues in many local governments including Seoul, as social welfare and regional developments have become more and more important factors in many local administrations. The results of this research additionally propose a potential improvement of measures of urban competitiveness, as current measures do not reflect citizens choice of relocation or migration. As customer-oriented trend continues in public administration and public policy areas, seeing how consumers behave and react to policies may give implications for how local governments can improve their cities.I. Introduction 1 1. Research background and purpose 1 2. Scope of the study 5 II. Theoretical Background and Literature Review 6 1. Urban area 6 i. Definition 6 2. Competitive urban areas 7 i. Definition 7 ii. Various efforts to measure urban competitiveness 8 3. Migration and local government expenditure 12 i. Tiebout Model 13 ii. Oatess Model and Hirschmans Model 15 4. Other factors of migration 16 i. Consumer City and urban scenes 16 ii. Further examples of studies 18 III. Research Design and Research Method 22 1. Research questions 22 2. Data 23 i. Korea Statistics Microdata 23 ii. Seoul Statistics 27 iii. KB Real Estate Housing Price Index 31 3. Variables 32 i. Dependent variable 32 ii. Independent variables 33 iii. Control variables 33 4. Research method 37 i. Network analysis 37 ii. Panel data multiple regression analysis 37 IV. Research Results 38 1. Network analysis of household migration in Seoul 38 2. The migration-local government expenditure relationship 42 V. Conclusion 44 1. Summary of results 45 2. Policy implications and final remarks 46 Reference 49 Appendix 55 Appendix A 55 Appendix B 67 요약(국문초록) 69Maste

Analysis of global channel costs for the pharmaceutical industry

Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2009.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-78).The pharmaceutical industry creates products which often have more than one supply chain channel, defined as a route through the supply chain network from sourcing to the end market. Each channel's specific cost characteristics are important to the pharmaceutical industry's ability to maintain positive profit margins while meeting high customer service requirements. Determining the optimal supply chain channel involves the analysis of fuel costs, logistics, taxes, wage differences, and many more. Additionally, variables such as time and risk significantly impact the total cost of a supply chain channel, but are extremely difficult to quantify. In this research, we identify the relevant channel costs and variables for the supply chain of a large pharmaceutical corporation. After identification, our study categorizes each cost based on level of measurability and causes of variability to develop a framework identifying the most relevant costs by four product types. We then analyze market forces that affect costs over a product's lifecycle. Finally, we develop an operational model for using the framework to compare costs across multiple supply chain channels and time horizons.by Eric C. Rimling and Wontae Thomas Seoh.M.Eng.in Logistic

Implementation Of The Special Education Programme (Learning Disabilities) In Penang: An Evaluation From Special Education Teachers’ And Programme Coordinators’ Perspectives

This study evaluates the special education programme for students with learning disabilities in Penang in three main domains: (a) school administrative policy in planning and implementation, teachers’ training and support, and resources available for teaching/learning, (b) special education delivery system in planning and collaboration for teaching, instructional strategies and learning activities, application of teaching/learning resources, student evaluation system/process and classroom management, and (c) program outcome in term of students’ participation, progress/improvement and achievement

（TILT)ニ ヨル ガクセイ ノ コミュニケーション ノウリョク ノ コウジョウ コウカ ； トランスゲージ ノ トリクミ

This article will discuss one of the English language teaching methodology, Translation, the arguments on its effects on foreign language learning; the pro and cons of using translation edpecially on the Japanese students .The new term of "Translanguaging" will be introduced with its definition and practice.The background of the English language education and the current situatiion in Japan will also be briefly disucussed, followed by the research questions, methodology and tasks conducted in this study. The discussion will be concluded with the discussions and further study plan

Recent updates on phthalate exposure and human health: a special focus on liver toxicity and stem cell regeneration

Phthalates have been blended in various compositions as plasticizers worldwide for a variety of purposes. Consequently, humans are exposed to a wide spectrum of phthalates that needs to be researched and understood correctly. The goal of this review is to focus on phthalate's internal exposure pathways and possible role of human digestion on liver toxicity. In addition, special focus was made on stem cell therapy in reverting liver toxicity. The known entry of higher molecular weight phthalates is through ingestion while inhalation and dermal pathways are for lower molecular weight phthalates. In human body, certain phthalates are digested through phase 1 (hydrolysis, oxidation) and phase 2 (conjugation) metabolic processes. The phthalates that are made bioavailable through digestion enter the blood stream and reach the liver for further detoxification, and these are excreted via urine and/or feces. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a compound well studied involving human metabolism. Liver plays a pivotal role in humans for detoxification of pollutants. Thus, continuous exposure to phthalates in humans may lead to inhibition of liver detoxifying enzymes and may result in liver dysfunction. The potential of stem cell therapy addressed herewith will revert liver dysfunction and lead to restoration of liver function properly