Intermodal containers transportation: how to deal with threats?

This paper provides an overview of the port container inspection techniques and procedures (standardized security procedures) relating to the detection of illicit material in containers. These procedures affect the duration of the containers transportation periods in different parts of the transport chain, according to the 2002 Container Security Initiative (CSI) regulations. The main object of this work – to demonstrate the inability of standard systems and associated technologies to deal with current threats and to propose solutions that are in line with the “intelligent containers” worldwide initiative

Current situation and future of natural gas in Turkey

Esen, Vedat (Arel Author) --- Conference: International Conference on Technics, Technologies and Education ICTTE 2013 October 30-31 2013, Yambol, BulgariaIn this study, current situation of natural gas and its geo-energetics in our country are analysed and its supply and demand equilibrium is compared. Today, some factors such as its cheapness relatively to many other kinds of fuel, high efficiency, easiness of its use, demand flexibility and low investment cost brought natural gas use into the forefront. By mentioning geopolitical state between natural gas-environment and energy sources of the negotiations between Turkey and European Union (EU), effects of adopted policy are treated. As of 1984 in Turkey, natural gas sector has picked up speed, totally 664 million m3 natural gas was produced in 2012 and until now 13,5 billion m3 natural gas has been produced. Production fall was able to be prevented partially with the exploration of new petrol area in Turkey and development of secondary production methods, in 2012 relatively to 2011, %4 fall occurred. Raise of natural gas consumption that occurs every year depending upon developing industry and life quality has been observed. With the international agreements, it is determined that our country, which has a crucial position as a bridge in import and export, will have a 150 billion-m3 natural gas system

Возможности формирования и исследования проводящего канала в атмосфере

The paper deals with the principles of formation and investigation of conductive channel in atmosphere and possibilities of technical application of such channel. The main aims of investigation and formation of such channel in atmosphere are formed. The special sources of high voltage were created, equipment for investigation of channel quality was prepared. Some problems of charging and discharging of capacitor were carried out, common work of resonant contours were analysed. Experiment with the physical model for creation of conductive channel shows that electroconductivity is proportional to the current, which forms the channel

Statistical and Continuous Wavelet Analysis of Wind Speed Data in Mardin-Turkey

9th International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER) -- MAR 25-27, 2014 -- Monte Carlo, MONACO -- Monaco Dev Durable, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc, IEEE Power Elect Soc, IEEE Magnet SocIn this paper, wind speed measurements are considered for Mardin region in Turkey. Mardin city is situated in East part of Turkey. Mardin is a mountainous area suitable for wind. And also, its wind energy potential is at an acceptable level. Wind speed data in this study, is obtained from the national meteorology station. This real-time measured data is suitable to international criteria. This annual data is related to the measurements of 2011, from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2011. There are two important aspects of the study. First one is related to calculation of the statistical parameters for wind speed data. Here four parameters of a statistical distribution are calculated. These are mean value, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis. Last two parameters are used to determine the non-Gaussian (or Gaussian) characteristics. In this study, the skewness and kurtosis parameters are are calculated and compared. Parameters indicate asymmetrical and non-Gaussian characteristics. Hence the wind speed distribution is defined by Weibull distribution and its probability density function is shown for shape parameter and average speed of the wind. Thus the histogram and Weibull probability density function are calculated as well as the statistical findings. As a second aspect of the study, data is accepted as non-stationary. So its Continuous Wavelet Transform is used for the determination of the seasonal transitions and determined the time-frequency content. Thanks to the continuous wavelet transform, low and high frequency regions of wind speed data are distinguished. Continuous wavelet transform findings are quite satisfactory.WOS:0003602889000522-s2.0-8490449844

INVESTIGATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD IN STUDY LAB

Tyrimo tikslas - nustatyti elektromagnetinio lauko dedamųjų parametrų vertes kiekvienam įjungtam kompiuterio ekranui. Nustatytoselektromagnetinės spinduliuotės parametrų vertės buvo palygintos su TN1:1998 normose leistinais elektromagnetinės spinduliuotėslygiais. Bendram elektromagnetinės spinduliuotės fonui įvertinti buvo išmatuoti elektros lauko stipris ir magnetinio lauko srautotankis atskiruose taškuose, kai visi kompiuteriai yra darbo režime. Matavimai atlikti 40-60 Hz dažnių diapazone. Bendro fono elektromagnetiniolauko parametrų įtaka žmogaus sveikatai buvo vertinama taikant higienos normą HN 110-2001.RAKTINIAI ŽODŽIAI: Elektrinio lauko stipris, magnetinio srauto tankis, elektromagnetinė tarš

Modeling and simulation of quay crane control system for PID controller optimal parameters determination / Krantinės krano valdymo sistemos kompiuterinis modeliavimas optimalioms PID valdiklio vertėms nustatyti

The main control object of Quay crane, which is operating in seaport intermodal terminal cargo loading and unloading process, is the crane trolley. One of the main frequent problem, which occurs, is the swinging of the container. This swinging is caused not only by external forces but also by the movement of the trolley. The research results of recent years produced various types of control algorithms by the other researchers. The control algorithms are solving separate control problems of Quay crane in laboratory environment. However, there is still complex control algorithm design and the controller’s parameter estimation problems to be solved. This paper presents mathematical model of the Quay crane trolley mechanism with the suspended cargo. The mathematical model is implemented in Matlab Simulink environment and using Dormand-Prince solving method. The presented model of laboratory quay crane mathematical model is dedicated to parameter estimation of PID controller of closed loop system with the usage of S –form speed input profile. The article includes the dynamic model of the presented system, the description of closed loop system and modeling results. These results will be used as an initial information for the PID parameters estimation in real quay crane control system. The simu-lation of the model was performed using estimated values of controller. The sway influence of the cargo, the usage of the trolley speed input S-shaper and the PID controller was used to control the trolley speed. Santrauka  Jūriniame įvairiarūšiame terminale atliekant konteinerių krovos procesus, vienas iš krantinės kranų valdymo objektų yra vežimėlis. Viena iš problemų, su kuria susiduriama dažniausiai, yra konteinerio svyravimai, kuriuos, be išorinių veiksnių, taip pat sukelia ir vežimėlio judėji-mas. Remdamiesi paskutinių kelerių metų tyrimais, mokslininkai sukūrė įvairių valdymo algoritmų, kurie laboratorinėmis sąlygomis spren-džia atskiras krantinės kranų valdymo problemas. Tačiau kompleksinių ir efektyvių valdymo algoritmų ir jų valdymo sistemos parametrų nustatymo metodai vis dar kuriami ir tobulinami. Šiame darbe sudarytas krantinės krano vežimėlio su kabančiu kroviniu mechanizmo sis-temos matematinis modelis. Šis modelis realizuotas Matlab Simulink aplinkoje ir sprendžiamas taikant Dormand-Prince metodą. Sukurtas laboratorinio krantinės krano valdymo sistemos kompiuterinis modelis skirtas uždarosios valdymo sistemos PID valdiklio parametrams nustatyti, kai užduoties signalui taikomas S formos greičio kitimo profilis. Darbe pateiktas sistemos dinaminis modelis, aprašyta uždaroji valdymo sistema, pateikti kompiuterinio modeliavimo rezultatai, kuriuos planuojama panaudoti kaip pradinę informaciją realaus krano PID valdiklio parametrams derinti. Atlikta simuliacija naudojant nustatytas vertes ir įvertinti krovinio svyravimai taikant S formos greičio kitimo profilį kartu su PID valdikliu vežimėlio greičiui valdyti. Reikšminiai žodžiai: krantinės kranas, matematinis modelis, valdymo sistema, S profilis, PID valdiklis, Matlab

Multibody dynamic simulation and transient analysis of quay crane spreader and lifting mechanism

Nowadays, container shipment in the intermodal terminals is overloaded. The quay crane and its control system have to be properly prepared for rapid cargo reloading. The advanced control system may increase container loading efficiency due to the reduced transportation time. However, faster transportation demands higher safety. In this article, the authors performed multibody dynamics simulation of the container spreader and lifting mechanism by analyzing more advanced mathematical model of the quay crane. Trolley motion and cargo swing angle transient responses of the dynamic system were acquired and analyzed during model simulation. The main target of this research is to determine the system behavior during transients. The simulation results showed that the transients induced by startup of the vertical spreader travel affect the whole crane system in all the investigated cases. In addition, the influence of flexible cable causes additional oscillations of cargo and reciprocating trolley displacement. The simulation of the container spreader and lifting mechanism will help detect motion deviations of the quay crane in real time

Intelligent containers network concept

In this paper, a novel approach is presented to increase the security of shipping containers transportation and storage in container yards. This approach includes wireless sensors networks with programmable modules to increase the effectiveness of the decision support functionality for operators’ onsite. This approach is closely related to the Container Security Initiative and is intended to deepen knowledge in the intelligent transportation research area. This paper examines an urgent challenge - secure of cargo transportation in containers, i.e., how quickly it is possible to detect dangerous goods in shipping containers without changing their tightness and hence rationally implements international security regulations all around the world. This paper contributes to the development of new approaches of shipping containers handling and monitoring in terms of smart cities and smart ports (for the development of the Smart Port initiative) for ports that have higher levels of security violations. This contribution is addressed as an informative measure to the general public working in the Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) research area

Analysis of the efficiency of shipping containers handling/loading control methods and procedures

Most modern quay cranes operate under the operator’s control. Lifting, lowering, and transporting a container from one platform to another are just some of the actions that a person is responsible for, but the negative consequences of handling can be caused not only by his actions. An error, loading transient instability, or an undervalued environmental factor in the control algorithm can cause a risk to human safety, container, and cargo security. In order to control cargohandling risk, it is necessary to improve the cargo control systems not only by changing their software, but also by creating additional control algorithms and systems. These systems with programmed control algorithms should be integrated into existing systems to control cargo security and its transfer time. In this article, transient processes and dynamic property of the cargo-handling operation are described and multibody dynamics simulation performed using laboratory prototype of a quay crane. The experimental research performed and integrated autonomous quay crane control algorithm developed with the proposed embedded container swinging control subroutine operated in optimal mode when the control system used PID controller with a feedback including additional PI controller and S-shaped input signal for the analyzed case with the defined parameter set