SYNTHESIS CHARACTERISATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY STUDIES OF PICOLIOHYDRAZIDE(2-PYRIDINE CARBOXYLIC ACID HYDRAZIDE)

Hydrazides derivatives are the type of organic compounds containing a nitrogen-nitrogen covalent bond with one of the substituents being an acyl group. Hydrazides and their derivatives have gained prominence because of their antibacterial,anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiplatelet, antimalarial, analgesic and antioxidant activity. In addition to this they are also employed as potential inhibitors for controlling corrosion of many metals including mild steel (1).Hydrazide–hydrazones constitute a class of organic compounds, which attracts the attention of medicinal chemists due to the fact that they contain azomethine group (–NH–N=CH–) connected with carbonyl group, which is responsible for their different pharmaceutical applications and makes possible the synthesis of different heterocyclic scaffolds

CRYSTAL GROWTH AND NON LINEAR APPLICATION OF BENZENE SULPHONEAMIDE – AN INSILICO AND INVITRO ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT AGAINST ESBL (EXTRENDED SPECTRUM OF BETA LACTINIES)

 Single gems of 4-methyl benzene sulfonamide (4MBS) were effectively developed from fluid arrangement by low temperature arrangement development strategy. The developed gem was described by single gem XRD and powder XRD techniques to acquire the grid boundaries and the diffraction planes of the gem. UV–vis–NIR retention range was utilized to quantify the scope of optical conveyance and optical band hole energy. The optical transmission range was estimated as 250–1200 nm. FTIR ghostly investigations were completed to recognize the presence of useful gatherings in the developed precious stone. The warm conduct of the precious stone was examined from thermo gravimetric investigation (TGA) and differential checking calorim-etry (DSC) study. The nonappearance of SHG was seen by Kurtz and Perry powder procedure. The third request NLO conduct of the material was confirmed by estimating the nonlinear optical properties utilizing Z-filter method and it was discovered that the precious stone is equipped for showing immersion ingestion and self-defo-cusing execution

Explicit filtering to obtain grid-spacing-independent and discretization-order-independent large-eddy simulation of two-phase volumetrically dilute flow with evaporation

Predictions from conventional large-eddy simulation (LES) are known to be grid-spacing and spatial-discretization-order dependent. In a previous article (Radhakrishnan & Bellan, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 697, 2012a, pp. 399–435), we reformulated LES for compressible single-phase flow by explicitly filtering the nonlinear terms in the governing equations so as to render the solution grid-spacing and discretization-order independent. Having shown in Radhakrishnan & Bellan (2012a) that the reformulated LES, which we call EFLES, yields grid-spacing-independent and discretization-order-independent solutions for compressible single-phase flow, we explore here the potential of EFLES for evaporating two-phase flow where the small scales have an additional origin compared to single-phase flow. Thus, we created a database through direct numerical simulation (DNS) that when filtered serves as a template for comparisons with both conventional LES and EFLES. Both conventional LES and EFLES are conducted with two gas-phase SGS models; the drop-field SGS model is the same in all these simulations. For EFLES, we also compared simulations performed with the same SGS model for the gas phase but two different drop-field SGS models. Moreover, to elucidate the influence of explicit filtering versus gas-phase SGS modelling, EFLES with two drop-field SGS models but no gas-phase SGS models were conducted. The results from all these simulations were compared to those from DNS and from the filtered DNS (FDNS). Similar to the single-phase flow findings, the conventional LES method yields solutions which are both grid-spacing and spatial-discretization-order dependent. The EFLES solutions are found to be grid-spacing independent for sufficiently large filter-width to grid-spacing ratio, although for the highest discretization order this ratio is larger in the two-phase flow compared to the single-phase flow. For a sufficiently fine grid, the results are also discretization-order independent. The absence of a gas-phase SGS model leads to build-up of energy near the filter cut-off indicating that while explicit filtering removes energy above the filter width, it does not provide the correct dissipation at the scales smaller than this width. A wider viewpoint leads to the conclusion that although the minimum filter-width to grid-spacing ratio necessary to obtain the unique grid-independent solution might be different for various discretization-order schemes, the grid-independent solution thus obtained is also discretization-order independent

Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of Particle-Laden Temporal Mixing Layers

High-fidelity models of plume-regolith interaction are difficult to develop because of the widely disparate flow conditions that exist in this process. The gas in the core of a rocket plume can often be modeled as a time-dependent, high-temperature, turbulent, reacting continuum flow. However, due to the vacuum conditions on the lunar surface, the mean molecular path in the outer parts of the plume is too long for the continuum assumption to remain valid. Molecular methods are better suited to model this region of the flow. Finally, granular and multiphase flow models must be employed to describe the dust and debris that are displaced from the surface, as well as how a crater is formed in the regolith. At present, standard commercial CFD (computational fluid dynamics) software is not capable of coupling each of these flow regimes to provide an accurate representation of this flow process, necessitating the development of custom software. This software solves the fluid-flow-governing equations in an Eulerian framework, coupled with the particle transport equations that are solved in a Lagrangian framework. It uses a fourth-order explicit Runge-Kutta scheme for temporal integration, an eighth-order central finite differencing scheme for spatial discretization. The non-linear terms in the governing equations are recast in cubic skew symmetric form to reduce aliasing error. The second derivative viscous terms are computed using eighth-order narrow stencils that provide better diffusion for the highest resolved wave numbers. A fourth-order Lagrange interpolation procedure is used to obtain gas-phase variable values at the particle locations

Overcoming the Challenges of COVID-19 by Hospitality Educational Administrators: A Grounded Theory Approach

The coronavirus pandemic has affected all walks of life across the globe. Higher education institutions confronted multiple challenges and disruptions in teaching and learning. However, the challenges hospitality education administrators need to resolve are distinct compared to other traditional higher education programs. This study aimed to understand the experiences and responses of hospitality educational administrators under crisis. The findings of the study are expected to assist hospitality education institutions to be prepared and respond better to any crisis in the future. To understand the challenges faced and strategies adopted by hospitality educational administrators, we interviewed 23 hospitality administrators across India. We have adopted a grounded theory approach to describe the challenges and strategies the hospitality educational administrators adopted. The analysis of data through the grounded theory approach yielded five main themes: antecedents that influenced the hospitality educational administrators’ response to the crisis, approaches toward strategies, strategies adopted to manage the crisis, perspectives of the consequences of strategies adopted, and intervening conditions that influenced the administrators’ choice of strategies. The result indicates that hospitality educational administrators need to be proactive. They have to create a crisis management system, adopt technology in teaching and learning, and engage with all stakeholders to manage the crisis. This study has multiple implications for hospitality educational administrators, policymakers, and researchers in educational administration

Experience Dimensions of Religious Festivals: Religion and Spirituality at Paryaya, Udupi, India

Festivals and events have been found to be an important motivation for travel, and are a significant component in a destination offering. All religious festivals, irrespective of religion and tradition, aim to develop spirituality. Experience is the core of festivals and events, and the experience is multifaceted. This research aims to analyse the impact of various experience dimensions of religious festivals on participants’ overall festival experience and behavioural intention at a biennial festival called ‘Paryaya’ held at Udupi, India, using the concept of the experience economy. The researchers have adopted a quantitative research approach for the study. The result obtained through Structural Equation Modelling reveal that education, esthetics, escapist, communitas, spirituality, and authenticity dimensions of experiences significantly contribute to tourists’ overall festival experience. The overall festival experience of travellers acts as a statistically significant predictor of their behavioural intention at Paryaya. Moreover, the research concludes that visitors to a religious festival can be considered spiritual tourists, and their experience closely reflects the characteristics of spiritual tourism

Evolution of coherence singularities in polarization singular beams

The evolution of correlation singularities in partially coherent polarization singular beams (PC-PSBs) is investigated. Since PSBs are the superposition of two orthogonally polarized vortex beams, the occurrence of coherence singularities in PC-PSBs is strongly governed by the topological charge of the component vortex beams and the spatial coherence length. Coherence singularities appear in the form of ring dislocations in the modulus of the spectral degree of coherence (SDoC) profile, and the number of ring dislocations is equal to the higher value of the topological charge of the superposing vortex beam. Furthermore, the SDoC phase profile can be used to determine the polarity of a PC-PSB. The findings of the study could be valuable in various applications that rely on the spatial coherence of beams, such as free-space communication and imaging.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe