Advances in the selection program of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) varieties in the Colegio de Postgraduados

Objective: To describe the advances in the sugarcane variety selection program that is carried out by the Campus Córdoba of the College of Postgraduates in Agricultural Sciences located in Amatlán de los Reyes, Veracruz, Mexico. Design/methodology/approach: For the selection of sugarcane varieties, the methodology developed by the Institute for the Improvement of Sugar Production (IMPA) was used, and for the varietal description, the protocol of the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) was implemented. Results: In 2009, the Campus Córdoba started the varietal selection program with more than 6 thousand hybrids from 40 crosses, of which 4422 materials were selected after showing resistance to the sugarcane mosaic virus. From the 4422 materials of the seedling phase, 352 clones were selected and evaluated in the Furrow Phase, selecting 57 varieties for the Plot Phase. Of these 57 varieties, 36 were selected in the Adaptability Test Phase, and 27 in the following Agroindustrial Evaluation Phase. Of these last 27 varieties, estimated yields are greater than 100 t ha-1, with good quality of juices and agronomic characteristics. Study limitations/implications: The program has faced climate and budget challenges, delaying progress. Currently, the Covid-19 pandemic has drastically affected our research. Findings/conclusions: This breeding and variety selection program started with 6,000 crosses, of which to date there are 27 in advanced stages of selection, with the possibility of adaptation and good yields for the area of influence of the Campus Córdoba.Objective: To describe the advances in the sugarcane variety selection program that is carried out by the Campus Córdoba of the College of Postgraduates in Agricultural Sciences located in Amatlán de los Reyes, Veracruz, Mexico. Design/methodology/approach: For the selection of sugarcane varieties, the methodology developed by the Institute for the Improvement of Sugar Production (IMPA) was used, and for the varietal description, the protocol of the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) was implemented. Results: In 2009, the Campus Córdoba started the varietal selection program with more than 6 thousand hybrids from 40 crosses, of which 4422 materials were selected after showing resistance to the sugarcane mosaic virus. From the 4422 materials of the seedling phase, 352 clones were selected and evaluated in the Furrow Phase, selecting 57 varieties for the Plot Phase. Of these 57 varieties, 36 were selected in the Adaptability Test Phase, and 27 in the following Agroindustrial Evaluation Phase. Of these last 27 varieties, estimated yields are greater than 100 t ha-1, with good quality of juices and agronomic characteristics. Study limitations/implications: The program has faced climate and budget challenges, delaying progress. Currently, the Covid-19 pandemic has drastically affected our research. Findings/conclusions: This breeding and variety selection program started with 6,000 crosses, of which to date there are 27 in advanced stages of selection, with the possibility of adaptation and good yields for the area of influence of the Campus Córdoba

The Mexican consensus on alcoholic hepatitis

Alcoholic hepatitis is a frequent condition in the Mexican population. It is characterized by acute-on-chronic liver failure, important systemic inflammatory response, and multiple organ failure. The severe variant of the disease implies elevated mortality. Therefore, the Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología and the Asociación Mexicana de Hepatología brought together a multidisciplinary team of health professionals to formulate the first Mexican consensus on alcoholic hepatitis, carried out utilizing the Delphi method and resultingin 37 recommendations. Alcohol-related liver disease covers a broad spectrum of patholo-gies that includes steatosis, steatohepatitis, different grades of fibrosis, and cirrhosis and itscomplications. Severe alcoholic hepatitis is defined by a modified Maddrey’s discriminant func-tion score ≥ 32 or by a Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score equal to or above 21.There is currently no specific biomarker for its diagnosis. Leukocytosis with neutrophilia, hyper-bilirubinemia (>3 mg/dl), AST > 50 U/l ( 1.5-2 can guide thediagnosis. Abstinence from alcohol, together with nutritional support, is the cornerstone oftreatment. Steroids are indicated for severe disease and have been effective in reducing the28-day mortality rate. At present, liver transplantation is the only life-saving option for patientsthat are nonresponders to steroids. Certain drugs, such as N-acetylcysteine, granulocyte-colonystimulating factor, and metadoxine, can be adjuvant therapies with a positive impact on patientsurvival

Consenso Mexicano de Hepatitis Alcohólica

La hepatitis alcohólica es una condición frecuente en la población mexicana, se caracteriza por insuficiencia hepática aguda sobre crónica, importante reacción inflamatoria sistémica y fallo multiorgánico, que en la variante grave de la enfermedad implica una elevada mortalidad. Por lo anterior, la Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología y la Asociación Mexicana de Hepatología conjuntaron un equipo multidisciplinario de profesionales de la salud para elaborar el primer consenso mexicano de hepatitis alcohólica. El consenso fue elaborado con la metodología Delphi, emitiendo 37 recomendaciones. La enfermedad hepática relacionada con el consumo de alcohol comprende un amplio espectro, que incluye esteatosis, esteatohepatitis, fibrosis en diferentes grados, cirrosis y sus complicaciones. La hepatitis alcohólica grave se define por una función modificada de Maddrey ≥ 32 o por un puntaje de MELD (Model for End- Stage Liver Disease) igual o mayor a 21. Actualmente no existe un biomarcador específico para el diagnóstico. La presencia de leucocitosis con neutrofilia, hiperbilirrubinemia (> 3 mg/dL),AST > 50 U/L ( 1.5-2 pueden orientar al diagnóstico. La piedraangular del tratamiento es la abstiencia junto con el soporte nutricional. Los esteroides estanindicados en la forma grave, en donde han resultado efectivos para reducir la mortalidad a28 días. El trasplante hepático es en la actualidad la única opción con que se cuenta parasalvar la vida de pacientes que no responden a los esteroides. Ciertos fármacos, como la N-acetilcisteína, el factor estimulante de colonias de granulocitos y la metadoxina, pueden seruna terapia adyuvante que puede mejorar la supervivencia de los pacientes