Antiproliferative and Antimetastatic Properties of 16-Azidomethyl Substituted 3-O-Benzyl Estrone Analogs

Four diastereomers of 16-azidomethyl substituted 3-O-benzyl estradiol (1–4) and their two estrone analogs (16AABE and 16BABE) were tested for their antiproliferative properties against human gynecological cancer cell lines. The estrones were selected for additional experiments based on their outstanding cell growth-inhibiting activities. Both compounds increased hypodiploid populations of breast cancer cells, and 16AABE elicited cell cycle disturbance as evidenced by flow cytometry. The two analogs substantially increased the rate of tubulin polymerization in vitro. 16AABE and 16BABE inhibited breast cancer cells’ migration and invasive ability, as evidenced by wound healing and Boyden chamber assays. Since both estrone analogs exerted remarkable estrogenic activities, as documented by a luciferase reporter gene assay, they can be considered as promising drug candidates for hormone-independent malignancies

Infections in Neurosurgery and Their Management

Surgical site and postoperative infections are common problems in surgical wards and treating them can be challenging and very complicated. It is important to understand different types of postoperative infections and their best management. In this chapter we try to emphasis on infections which are occurring in neurosurgical units and how to approach them. Foreign body infection is another challenge that happens in neurosurgical units, and it is vital to recognize these infections in time and start the treatment as soon as possible. Atypical infections occurrence is low therefore this problem is not addressed often in textbooks or in the literature, therefore atypical infections will be discussed in this chapter too. By discussing the most common postoperative complications and their best management profile, the authors here will try to widen the perspective of readers on infections in neurosurgical units in order to understand this problem better. Untreated infections or poorly treated infections can lead to sepsis and catastrophic results

Pigments of the Moss Paraleucobryum longifolium: Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Prenyl-Substituted 8,8′-Linked 9,10-Phenanthrenequinone Dimers

In a search for new secondary metabolites from mosses, leucobryns A−E, axially chiral 9,10-phenanthrenequinone dimers, were isolated from Paraleucobryum longifolium (1−5), together with diosmetin triglycoside. Leucobryns B (2) and C (3) were proved to be homodimeric atropodiastereomers containing both axial and central chirality elements, while leucobryns D (4) and E (5) were found to be heterodimeric atropodiastereomers containing central chirality in only one of the two monomeric units. Axial chirality of the compounds was determined by ECD measurements and sTDA ECD calculations, while the central chirality elements were assigned by TDDFT-SOR calculations. Leucobryns represent the first 9,10-phenanthrenequinone dimers, the monomers of which are linked through their C-8 atoms. Leucobryns B−E contain an uncommon C10 monoterpenoid side chain, in which isoprenoid units are joined by 3,4 linkages. Leucobryns A and B exhibited weak antiproliferative activity against several human cancer cell lines

Effectiveness of music therapy in state-trait anxiety rate of addicts in drug-free rehabilitation stage

Objective: This study was an attempt to investigate the effect of music therapy on addicts’ state-trait anxiety rate in the stage of drug-free rehabilitation. Method: A quasi-experimental research design, along with pretest-posttest and control group was employed for the conduct of this study. The statistical population of the study included the addicts in the rehabilitation stage who had referred to the clean collaborators rehabilitation camp in Ardebil province in November 2014. From this population, the number of 32 addicts in 16-50-year-old age range was selected as the participants of the study by convenience sampling method. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was used for data collection. Results: The results of multivariate covariant analysis showed that there is a significant difference between control and experimental groups in state and trait anxiety. In other words, the state and trait anxiety of addicts in the experimental group had been reduced after music therapy. Conclusion: Considering the obtained results, it can be concluded that music therapy alone or along other psychological interventions can be an effective method for reducing addicts’ anxiety in drug-free rehabilitation stage

The Effectiveness of the Combination of Mental Imagination and Massage Therapy on Anger in Children with Cancer

Objective: anger and aggressive are effects of chronic illnesses such as childhood cancer. The aim of the present study is investigation of the efficacy of the combination of mental imagination and massage therapy on anger in children with cancer. Materials & Methods: the research method of the study was clinical trial and was done in Eram clinic of Ardabil’s boali hospital. Thirty children with blood and lymph cancer were selected by accessible method and were plague into two groups as experimental group (15 children) and control group (15 children). For data gathering, Steels anger expression scale were used in pretest and posttest phases. Therapist thought the subjects of the experimental group and used two techniques individually with children, during three weeks (six sessions with two times per week) about 20 minutes in one session. For data analysis was used multiply analysis of variance. Results: Findings showed that there is significant difference in anger trait, anger expression, inner anger and anger control in experimental group in pretest and posttest phases (P<0.001, P<0.05). In experimental group, anger trait, anger expression and inner anger had been decreased and anger control was increased, but there was no significant difference in this variable in control group. Conclusion: The combination of two techniques of massage therapy and mental imagination decreases the aggression and anger emotion during in treatment of children with cancer. Thus education and application of these techniques are effective in reduction of the psychological effects of the cancer and its side effects of treatments

Efectos moderadores de la resistencia y el optimismo sobre los eventos negativos de la vida y la autoeficacia de afrontamiento en estudiantes de primer año de pregrado

Introducción: Este estudio analiza el papel de la resistencia y eloptimismo en los eventos negativos de la vida y la autoeficacia de afrontamiento en 228 estudiantes universitarios de primer año de la Universidad de Lorestan (Irán). El objetivo del estudio era doble: (1) analizar las asociaciones entre resistencia, optimismo, eventos de vida negativos y autoeficacia de afrontamiento; y (2) determinar si la resistencia y el optimismo moderan la relación entre los eventos negativos de la vida y la autoeficacia de afrontamiento. Método: Este estudio correlacional descriptivo se realizó en el año escolar 2016-17. En este estudio, al principio seleccionamos 228 estudiantes. Luego, los estudiantes completaron el Cuestionario de Eventos de la Vida Adolescente (ALEQ), la Prueba de Orientación de la Vida revisada (LOT-R), la Escala de Resistencia de Kobasa y la Escala de Autoeficacia (CSE). Se utilizaron análisis jerárquicos de regresión lineal para examinar el papel moderador de la resistencia y el optimismo. Resultados: Los resultados revelan que existe una relación significativa entre resistencia, optimismo, eventos vitales negativos y autoeficacia de afrontamiento. La resistencia y el optimismo también fueron moderadores en la relación entre los eventos negativos de la vida y la autoeficacia de afrontamiento. Conclusión: Los hallazgos respaldaron la hipótesis de que niveles más altos de resistencia y optimismo se asociarían con niveles más altos de autoeficacia de afrontamiento, y que niveles más bajos de resistencia y optimismo se asociarían con niveles más bajos de autoeficacia de afrontamiento. Finalmente, nuestros resultados implican que la resistencia y el optimismo son un moderador importante de los eventos negativos de la vida del estudiante sobre la autoeficacia de afrontamiento.Introduction. This study analyzes the role of Hardiness and optimism on egative life events and coping self-efficacy in 228 first-year undergraduate students from Lorestan University (Iran). The aim of the study was two-fold: (1) to analyze the associations between Hardiness, optimism, negative life events and coping self-efficacy; and (2) to determine whether Hardiness and optimism moderates the relationship between negative life events and coping self-efficacy. Method: This descriptive correlational study was conducted in the school year of 2016-17. In this study, at first we selected 228 students. Then the students completed the Adolescent Life Events Questionnaire (ALEQ), Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R), Kobasa's Hardiness Scale, and Coping Self-Efficacy Scale (CSE). Hierarchical linear regression analyses were used to examine the moderating role of Hardiness and optimism. Results: Results reveal that there is a significant Relationship between Hardiness, optimism, negative life events and coping self-efficacy. Hardiness and optimism was also a moderator in the relationship between negative life events and coping self-efficacy. Conclusion: The findings supported the hypothesis that higher levels of Hardiness and optimism would be associated with higher levels of Coping Self-Efficacy, and that lower levels of Hardiness and optimism would be associated with lower levels of Coping Self-Efficacy. Finally, our results imply that Hardiness and optimism is an important moderator of student’s negative life events on Coping Self-Efficacy