SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYIMIDEZEOLITE MIXED MATRIX MEMBRANE FOR BIOGAS PURIFICATION

Biogas has become an attractive alternative energy source due to the limitation of energy from fossil. In this study, a new type of mixed matrix membrane (MMM) consisting of polyimide-zeolite was synthesized and characterized for biogas purification. The MMM consists of medium concentration of polymer (20% wt polyimide), 80% N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and 25% zeolite 4A in total solid were prepared by a dry/wet phase inversion technique. The fabricated MMM was characterized using SEM, DSC, TGA and gas permeation. Post treatment coating procedure was also conducted. The research showed that surface coating by 3% silicone rubber toward MMM PI 20% gave the significant effect to improve membrane selectivity. The ideal selectivity for CO2/CH4 separation increased from 0.99 for before coating to 7.9 after coating for PI-Zeolite MMM, respectively. The results suggest that PI-Zeolite MMM with good post treatment procedure will increase the membrane selectivity and permeability with more saver polymer requirement as well as energy saving due to low energy for mixing

Study on Treatment of Slaughterhouse Wastewater by Electro-coagulation Technique

Electro-coagulation (EC) is well known as a technique for removing suspended solids as well as oils and greases from wastewater. The aims of this research are to study the performance of the EC technique to treat a high strength wastewater from slaughterhouse in batchwise mode. The effect of various process variables such as number and electrode material, initial pH, suspended solid (SS) content, and operating time was investigated The electrolytic cell (electro-coagulator) used was a 600 ml cylinder glass reactor with working volume 400 ml and equipped by magnetic stirrer without temperature control. Cast iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) cylinder were used as anode/cathode pair. The number of electrode was varied 1 and 2 pairs. The effective area of the electrode pair was 6.28 cm2. The DC power supply was controlled by a voltmeter and be adjusted constant at 125 A/m2 for each test runs. The initial SS concentration were varied from 1250, 2100, 3000, and 4000 mg/L by diluting wastewater. It is found that effluent temperature depends on SS and increases up to 98 °C when SS content was 4000 mg/L. One and two pairs of Fe-Al electrode will give SS removal efficiency are 97.2 and 99.6 %, respectively. However, the higher electrode number will need the shorter time to get certain removal efficiency of SS. Number of electrodes didn\u27t give the significant impact to the final pHs. With initial pH 7.05 both two pair of electrode will give the final pH relatively constant to 7.80. Further work will be conducted to optimize the CD and charge loading to avoid the excessive temperature increas

KARAKTERISTIK DAN KUALITAS SEMEN BERBAGAI GALUR AYAM KEDU (Characteristic and Cemen Quality at Various Lines of Kedu Chicken)

KARAKTERISTIK DAN KUALITAS SEMEN BERBAGAI GALUR AYAM KEDU (Characteristic and Cemen Quality at Various Lines of Kedu Chicken) S. Johari, Ondho YS, Sri Wuwuh, Henry YB dan Ratnaningrum Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Diponegoro ABSTRAK Ayam kedu adalah ayam lokal yang mempunyai ciri–ciri khas dan telah lama terdapat di Desa Kedu, Kecamatan Kedu–Kabupaten Temanggung. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengamati derajat keasaman (pH), daya hidup dan mortalitas semen ayam Kedu hitam daging hitam (HH), Kedu putih daging putih (PP) dan Kedu hitam daging putih (HP). Serta untuk mengetahui karakteristik semen dari berbagai galur warna ayam Kedu.Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah semen yang diambil dari 15 ekor ayam kedu jantan, terdiri dari 5 ekor ayam kedu hitam daging hitam (HH), 5 ekor ayam kedu hitam daging putih (HP) dan 5 ayam kedu putih daging putih (PP), dengan kisaran umur 8-12 bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata abnormalitas sperma ayam kedu HH, HP dan PP adalah : 12,87%, 11,84% dan 11,82% tidak berbeda nyata. Karakteristik semen dari berbagai galur warna ayam kedu yang meliputi volume, konsentrasi dan abnormalitas tidak berbeda nyata. Hasil uji statistik terhadap derajat keasaman (pH), daya hidup dan persentase mortalitas semen berdasarkan warna bulu ayam Kedu tidak menunjukkan perbedaan (P≥0,05). Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa derajat keasaman (pH), daya hidup semen dan mortalitas semen ayam Kedu berdasarkan warna bulu tidak berbeda. Kata kunci : Ayam Kedu, Warna bulu, kualitas semen, Karakteristik Semen. ABSTRACT Kedu chicken is local chicken which have typical characteristic and there was in countryside of Kedu, district of Kedu-Temanggung regency. The aim of research was to perceive degree of acidity (pH), energy live and cemen mortality of black Kedu chicken of black flesh (HH), White Kedu of white meat (PP) and of Kedu black of white meat (HP). And also to know cemen characteristic from various chicken colour galur of Kedu. Items which used in this research was taken away from by cemen of 15 kedu chicken male, consist of 5 Kedu chicken of kedu black of black flesh (HH), 5 kedu chicken black of white meat (HP) and 5 Kedu chicken white of white meat (PP), with of old age was 8-12 months. The result of research indicated that mean of abnormality Kedu chicken sperm of HH, HP and of PP was : 12,87%, 11,84% and 11,82% non differ significant. The cemen characteristic from various chicken colour lines of kedu covering volume, and concentration of abnormality was not differ significant. Result of statistical test to acidity degree (pH), energy live and percentage of cemen mortality pursuant to quill colour of Kedu was not show difference (P≥0,05). Result of research can be concluded that acidity degree (pH), life energy cemen and cemen mortality of Kedu chicken pursuant to fur colour was not differ. Keywords : Kedu chicken, Colour Fur, cemen quality, Characteristic of cemen

Ukuran-ukuran Tubuh dan Estimasi Nilai Pemuliaan Pejantan Sapi Potong di Satker Sumberejo-Kendal. (Body Measurements and Estimation of Breeding Value of Beef Cattle in Satker Sumberejo-Kendal)

Penelitian mengenai Evaluasi Nilai Pemuliaan Sapi Potong di Satuan Kerja (Satker) Sumberejo Kendal dilaksanakan pada bulan September – November 2014. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penampilan ukuran-ukuran tubuh pedet dan mengestimasi keunggulan pejantan yang digunakan sebagai bibit. Manfaat dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pejantan unggul dari nilai pemulian terduga. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa data recording yang meliputi : identitas pejantan, identitas induk, umur induk, identitas pedet, tanggal lahir, bobot lahir (BL), tanggal sapih, bobot sapih (BS) di Satker Sumberejo Kendal. Data recording yang dianalisis adalah ukuran tubuh (tinggi gumba, panjang badan dan lingkar dada), bobot badan lahir dan sapih. Uji t digunakan untuk menguji perbedaan ukuran tubuh dan bobot badan antara sapi Peranakan Ongole (PO) dengan Brahman. Bobot badan distandarisasi berdasarkan umur induk untuk digunakan dalam penghitungan Estimated Breedeng Value (EBV) berdasarkan bobot saat lahir dan sapih. Perbedaan peringkat EBV pejantan diuji menggunakan korelasi peringkat Spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada 2 pejantan sapi PO dan 2 pejantan sapi Brahman yang digunakan untuk proses perkawinan di Satker Sumberejo Kendal. Uji t menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan nyata ukuran-ukuran tubuh dan bobot badan antara sapi PO dan Brahman. EBV pada bobot lahir sapi PO lebih tinggi ditunjukkan oleh Suryalaras (1,188 kg) sedangkan pada sapi Brahman adalah Brago (-0,448 kg). Saat sapih, EBV yang lebih tinggi pada sapi PO adalah Polan (2,346 kg), sedangkan pada sapi Brahman adalah Brago (5,950 kg). Hasil korelasi peringkat Spearman menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan peringkat keunggulan pejantan berdasarkan penampilan bobot lahir dan sapih pede

Increasing Biogas Production Rate From Cattle Manure Using Rumen Fluid as Inoculums

In this study, rumen fluid of animal ruminant was used as inoculums to increase biogas production rate from cattle manure at mesophilic condition. A series of laboratory experiments using 400 ml biodigester were performed in batch operation mode. Given 100 grams of fresh cattle manure (M) was fed to each biodigester and mixed with rumen fluid (R) and tap water (W) in several ratio resulting six different M:W:R ratio contents i.e. 1:1:0; 1:0.75:0.25; 1:0.5:0.5; 1:0.25:0.75; and 1:0:1 (correspond to 0; 12.5; 25, 37.5; 50, and 100 % rumen, respectively) and six different total solid (TS) contents i.e. 2.6, 4.6, 6.2, 7.4, 9.2, 12.3, and 18.4 %. The operating temperatures were at room temperature. The results showed that the rumen fluid inoculated to biodigester significantly effected the biogas production. Rumen fluid inoculums caused biogas production rate and efficiency increase more than two times in compare to manure substrate without rumen fluid inoculums. The best performance for biogas production was the digester with rumen fluid and TS content in the range of 25-50 % and 7.4 and 9.2 %, respectively. These results suggest that, based on TS content effects to biogas yield, rumen fluid inoculums exhibit the similar effect with other inoculums. Increasing rumen content will also increase biogas production. Due to the optimum total solid (TS) content for biogas production between 7-9 % (or correspond to more and less manure and total liquid 1:1), the rumen fluid content of 50 % will give the best performance for biogas production. The future work will be carried out to study the dynamics of biogas production if both the rumen fluid inoculums and manure are fed in the continuous system Doi: 10.12777/ijse.6.1.31-38 [How to cite this article: Budiyono, Widiasa, I.N., Johari, S. and Sunarso. (2014). Increasing Biogas Production Rate from Cattle Manure Using Rumen Fluid as Inoculums. International Journal of Science and Engineering, 6(1),31-38. Doi: 10.12777/ijse.6.1.31-38

Hubungan Bobot Badan dengan Konsentrasi, Persentase Hidup dan Abnormalitas Spermatozoa Entok (Cairina moschata) (Correlation between Body Weight and Concentration, Percentage of Live Sperm and Sperm Abnormality of Muscovy Duck’s (Cairina moschata)

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan antara bobot badan dengan konsentrasi, persentase hidup dan abnormalitas spermatozoa entok (Cairina moschata). Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juli - Desember 2012 di Kandang Entok Desa Leyangan Kecamatan Ungaran, Jawa Tengah. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah semen dari lima ekor entok yang sudah dewasa kelamin dengan rata-rata bobot badan 2,8 kg. Parameter penelitian yang diamati berupa parameter kuantitatif yaitu bobot badan serta karakteristik mikroskopis spermatozoa yang meliputi konsentrasi, persentase hidup dan abnormalitas. Data dianalisis menggunakan program SPSS versi 16.0. Hasil penelitian pada semen entok menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata nilai konsentrasi (145x107 sel/ml), persentase hidup (18,63%) dan abnormalitas (14,55%). Hasil perhitungan uji korelasi antara bobot badan dengan persentase hidup menunjukkan korelasi positif (r = 0,326), yang berarti bahwa semakin tinggi bobot badan maka persentase hidup spermatozoa juga akan semakin meningkat. Sedangkan antara bobot badan dengan konsentrasi dan abnormalitas spermatozoa menunjukkan korelasi negatif (r = -,211 dan r = -,381), yang berarti bahwa semakin tinggi bobot badan maka konsentrasi dan abnormalitasnya semakin rendah begitu pula sebaliknya. Persamaan regresi linear menunjukkan bahwa antara bobot badan dengan masing-masing parameter diperoleh hasil yang tidak signifikan (P>0,05), sehingga persamaan regresi tersebut belum dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi nilai parameter tersebut. Kesimpulan yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini yaitu bobot badan entok memiliki hubungan atau korelasi dengan persentase hidup, konsentrasi dan abnormalitas spermatozoa entok. Hubungan atau korelasi antara bobot badan dengan parameter tersebut tergolong lemah (r<0,5), tetapi jika diurutkan yang memiliki hubungan lebih erat dengan bobot badan berturut-turut adalah abnormalitas, persentase hidup kemudian konsentrasi.

EFEK HETEROSIS BERBAGAI PENAMPILAN TIKTOK JANTAN DAN BETINA

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek heterosis dari tiktok jantan dan betina. Materi yang digunakan itik 24 jantan, 12 betina, entok 12 jantan, 23 betina dan tiktok 24 jantan, 24 betina. Variabel yang diukur adalah berat badan,karkas, non karkas, jerohan, telur, panjang badan, leher, tulang dada dan lingkar dada. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji rata-rata menurut metode General Linier Model (GLM), dari program Stastitical Analysis Sistem (SAS) dan perhitungan efek heterosis secara statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efek heterosis ukuran tubuh tiktok jantan lebih banyak positif, 0,69 - 8,81%, sebagian kecil negatif -2,23 sampai -2,74%. Pada tiktok betina semua efek heterosis negatif yaitu -0,03 sampai -45,36%. Disimpulkan bahwa efek heterosis tiktok jantan lebih banyak positif sedang pada betina semuanya negatif.(Kata kunci: Persilangan, Spesies, Tiktok, Ukuran tubuh, Efek heterosis

Hubungan Penampilan Induk Anak Domba Dari Berbagai Tipe Kelahiran

The objectives of the study was to analyse the relationship between dam and their offspring on the basis of body measurement and body weight at some partus types. In this study, 85 ewes and 127 lamb were used as materials. Purposive sampling was used to determine the samples of partum type of ewes having single (A1), twin (A2) and more than two lambs (AL2). Parameters measured were the body length, shoulder height, hip width, chest circumference and chest width. The results showed that all body measurement of dam related to the lambs. The highest correlation were in ≥ P2 for shoulder height, chest circumference, hip width and body length. Those were 0.310: 0.702: - 0.655 and 0.373 respectively. In conclusion, there was relationship on all birth type and parameters between dam and lambs. The AL2 showed closer relationship as compared to that of A1 and A2. Those were body length, shoulder height, chest circumference and hip width

CO2 Removal From Biogas Using Carbon Nanotubes Mixed Matrix Membranes

A new type of mixed matrix membrane consisting of polyethersulfone (PES) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is prepared for biogas purification application. PES mixed matrix membrane with and without modification of carbon nanotubes were prepared by a dry/wet phase inversion technique using a pneumatically membrane casting machine system. The modified carbon nanotubes were prepared by treating the carbon nanotubes with chemical modification using acid treatment to allow PES chains to be grafted on carbon nanotubes surface. The results from the FESEM, DSC and FTIR analysis confirmed that chemical modification on carbon nanotubes surface had taken place. Meanwhile, the nanogaps in the interface of polymer and carbon nanotubes were appeared in the PES mixed matrix membrane with unmodified of carbon nanotubes. The modified carbon nanotubes mixed matrix membrane increases the mechanical properties and the permeability of all gases. For PES-modified carbon nanotubes mixed matrix membrane the maximum selectivity achieved for CO2/CH4 is 23.5