EFFICACY, SAFETY, AND TOLERABILITY OF MIRABEGRON IN PATIENTS AGED ≥65 YR WITH OVERACTIVE BLADDER WET: A PHASE IV, DOUBLE-BLIND, RANDOMISED, PLACEBOCONTROLLED STUDY (PILLAR)

Pozadina: Većina bolesnika s prekomjerno aktivnim mokraćnim mjehurom (PAMM) starija je od 65 godina. Dosad nije bilo prospektivnih ispitivanja kojima bi se ocijenila djelotvornost liječenja agonistom β3-adrenoreceptora mirabegronom u ovoj specifi čnoj dobnoj skupini. Cilj: Ispitivanje faze IV u kojem se uspoređuju mirabegron u fl eksibilnoj dozi i placebo u starijih bolesnika s PAMM om i urgentnom inkontinencijom. Dizajn, uvjeti i sudionici: Bolesnici iz lokalne zajednice koji imaju ≥ 65 godina i PAMM u trajanju od ≥ 3 mjeseca. Intervencija: Nakon 2 tjednog uvodnog razdoblja tijekom kojeg se primjenjivao placebo bolesnici s jednom ili više epizoda inkontinencije, tri ili više epizoda urgencije i prosječno osam ili više mokrenja tijekom 24 h bili su randomizirani u omjeru 1:1 za dvostruko zaslijepljenu primjenu 25 mg mirabegrona ili odgovarajuće formulacije placeba na dan tijekom 12 tjedana. Nakon 4. ili 8. tjedna doza se prema odluci bolesnika i ispitivača mogla povećati na 50 mg mirabegrona/odgovarajuće formulacije placeba na dan. Mjere ishoda i statistička analiza: Primarne mjere ishoda: promjena srednjeg broja mokrenja tijekom 24 h i srednjeg broja epizoda inkontinencije tijekom 24 h od početka ispitivanja do završetka liječenja. Sekundarne mjere ishoda: promjena srednjeg izmokrenog volumena nakon mokrenja, srednjeg broja epizoda urgencije tijekom 24 h i srednjeg broja epizoda urgentne inkontinencije tijekom 24 h od početka ispitivanja do završetka liječenja. Za ocjenu srednjeg broja mokrenja tijekom 24 h, srednjeg izmokrenog volumena nakon mokrenju i srednjeg broja epizoda urgencije tijekom 24 h koristila se analiza kovarijance (ANCOVA). Za ocjenu srednjeg broja epizoda inkontinencije tijekom 24 h i srednjeg broja epizoda urgentne inkontinencije tijekom 24 h koristila se stratifi cirana rang ANCOVA. Rezultati i ograničenja: Uz mirabegron su opažena statistički značajna poboljšanja u odnosu na placebo s obzirom na promjenu srednjeg broja mokrenja tijekom 24 h, srednjeg broja epizoda inkontinencije tijekom 24 h, srednjeg izmokrenog volumena nakon mokrenja, srednjeg broja epizoda urgencije tijekom 24 h i srednjeg broja epizoda urgentne inkontinencije tijekom 24 h od početka ispitivanja do završetka liječenja. Sigurnost i podnošljivost odgovarale su poznatom sigurnosnom profi lu mirabegrona. Zaključci: Potvrđene su djelotvornost, sigurnost i podnošljivost mirabegrona tijekom 12 tjedana u bolesnika s PAMM om i inkontinencijom u dobi od ≥ 65 godina. Sažetak za bolesnike: Ispitivali smo učinak mirabegrona u usporedbi s placebom u osoba u dobi od 65 ili više godina s prekomjerno aktivnim mokraćnim mjehurom i inkontinencijom. Mirabegron je ublažio simptome prekomjerno aktivnog mokraćnog mjehura u usporedbi s placebom. Opažene nuspojave bile su slične poznatim nuspojavama mirabegrona.Background: The majority of patients with overactive bladder (OAB) are aged >65 yr. There has been no prospectively designed study assessing treatment effi cacy with the b3-adrenoreceptor agonist, mirabegron, specifi cally in this age group. Objective: A phase IV study comparing fl exibly dosed mirabegron versus placebo in elderly patients with OAB and urgency incontinence. Design, setting, and participants: Community-dwelling patients aged ≥65 yr with OAB for ≥3 mo. Intervention: Following a 2-wk placebo run in, patients with one or more incontinence episodes, three or more urgency episodes, and an average of eight or more micturitions/ 24 h were randomised 1:1 to double-blind 25 mg/d mirabegron or matched placebo, for 12 wk. After week 4 or 8, the dose could be increased to 50 mg/d mirabegron/matched placebo based on patient and investigator discretion. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: Coprimary endpoints: change from baseline to end of treatment (EOT) in the mean numbers of micturitions/24 h and incontinence episodes/24 h. Secondary endpoints: change from baseline to EOT in the mean volume voided/micturition, mean number of urgency episodes/24 h, and mean number of urgency incontinence episodes/24 h. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used for the mean number of micturitions/24 h, mean volume voided/micturition, and mean number of urgency episodes/24 h. Stratifi ed rank ANCOVA was used for the mean numbers of incontinence episodes/24 h and urgency incontinence episodes/24 h. Results and limitations: Statistically signifi cant improvements were observed for mirabegron versus placebo in change from baseline to EOT in the mean number of micturitions/24 h, mean number of incontinence episodes/24 h, mean volume voided/micturition, mean number of urgency episodes/24 h, and mean number of urgency incontinence episodes/24 h. Safety and tolerability were consistent with the known mirabegron safety profi le. Conclusions: Mirabegron effi cacy, safety, and tolerability over 12 wk were confi rmed in patients aged ≥65 yr with OAB and incontinence

Surgery Versus Radiotherapy for Clinically-localized Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

AbstractContextTo date, there is no Level 1 evidence comparing the efficacy of radical prostatectomy and radiotherapy for patients with clinically-localized prostate cancer.ObjectiveTo conduct a meta-analysis assessing the overall and prostate cancer-specific mortality among patients treated with radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy for clinically-localized prostate cancer.Evidence acquisitionWe searched Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library through June 2015 without year or language restriction, supplemented with hand search, using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. We used multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) to assess each endpoint. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.Evidence synthesisNineteen studies of low to moderate risk of bias were selected and up to 118 830 patients were pooled. Inclusion criteria and follow-up length varied between studies. Most studies assessed patients treated with external beam radiotherapy, although some included those treated with brachytherapy separately or with the external beam radiation therapy group. The risk of overall (10 studies, aHR 1.63, 95% confidence interval 1.54–1.73, p<0.00001; I2=0%) and prostate cancer-specific (15 studies, aHR 2.08, 95% confidence interval 1.76–2.47, p < 0.00001; I2=48%) mortality were higher for patients treated with radiotherapy compared with those treated with surgery. Subgroup analyses by risk group, radiation regimen, time period, and follow-up length did not alter the direction of results.ConclusionsRadiotherapy for prostate cancer is associated with an increased risk of overall and prostate cancer-specific mortality compared with surgery based on observational data with low to moderate risk of bias. These data, combined with the forthcoming randomized data, may aid clinical decision making.Patient summaryWe reviewed available studies assessing mortality after prostate cancer treatment with surgery or radiotherapy. While the studies used have a potential for bias due to their observational design, we demonstrated consistently higher mortality for patients treated with radiotherapy rather than surgery

EFFICACY, SAFETY, AND TOLERABILITY OF MIRABEGRON IN PATIENTS AGED ≥65 YR WITH OVERACTIVE BLADDER WET: A PHASE IV, DOUBLE-BLIND, RANDOMISED, PLACEBOCONTROLLED STUDY (PILLAR)

Pozadina: Većina bolesnika s prekomjerno aktivnim mokraćnim mjehurom (PAMM) starija je od 65 godina. Dosad nije bilo prospektivnih ispitivanja kojima bi se ocijenila djelotvornost liječenja agonistom β3-adrenoreceptora mirabegronom u ovoj specifi čnoj dobnoj skupini. Cilj: Ispitivanje faze IV u kojem se uspoređuju mirabegron u fl eksibilnoj dozi i placebo u starijih bolesnika s PAMM om i urgentnom inkontinencijom. Dizajn, uvjeti i sudionici: Bolesnici iz lokalne zajednice koji imaju ≥ 65 godina i PAMM u trajanju od ≥ 3 mjeseca. Intervencija: Nakon 2 tjednog uvodnog razdoblja tijekom kojeg se primjenjivao placebo bolesnici s jednom ili više epizoda inkontinencije, tri ili više epizoda urgencije i prosječno osam ili više mokrenja tijekom 24 h bili su randomizirani u omjeru 1:1 za dvostruko zaslijepljenu primjenu 25 mg mirabegrona ili odgovarajuće formulacije placeba na dan tijekom 12 tjedana. Nakon 4. ili 8. tjedna doza se prema odluci bolesnika i ispitivača mogla povećati na 50 mg mirabegrona/odgovarajuće formulacije placeba na dan. Mjere ishoda i statistička analiza: Primarne mjere ishoda: promjena srednjeg broja mokrenja tijekom 24 h i srednjeg broja epizoda inkontinencije tijekom 24 h od početka ispitivanja do završetka liječenja. Sekundarne mjere ishoda: promjena srednjeg izmokrenog volumena nakon mokrenja, srednjeg broja epizoda urgencije tijekom 24 h i srednjeg broja epizoda urgentne inkontinencije tijekom 24 h od početka ispitivanja do završetka liječenja. Za ocjenu srednjeg broja mokrenja tijekom 24 h, srednjeg izmokrenog volumena nakon mokrenju i srednjeg broja epizoda urgencije tijekom 24 h koristila se analiza kovarijance (ANCOVA). Za ocjenu srednjeg broja epizoda inkontinencije tijekom 24 h i srednjeg broja epizoda urgentne inkontinencije tijekom 24 h koristila se stratifi cirana rang ANCOVA. Rezultati i ograničenja: Uz mirabegron su opažena statistički značajna poboljšanja u odnosu na placebo s obzirom na promjenu srednjeg broja mokrenja tijekom 24 h, srednjeg broja epizoda inkontinencije tijekom 24 h, srednjeg izmokrenog volumena nakon mokrenja, srednjeg broja epizoda urgencije tijekom 24 h i srednjeg broja epizoda urgentne inkontinencije tijekom 24 h od početka ispitivanja do završetka liječenja. Sigurnost i podnošljivost odgovarale su poznatom sigurnosnom profi lu mirabegrona. Zaključci: Potvrđene su djelotvornost, sigurnost i podnošljivost mirabegrona tijekom 12 tjedana u bolesnika s PAMM om i inkontinencijom u dobi od ≥ 65 godina. Sažetak za bolesnike: Ispitivali smo učinak mirabegrona u usporedbi s placebom u osoba u dobi od 65 ili više godina s prekomjerno aktivnim mokraćnim mjehurom i inkontinencijom. Mirabegron je ublažio simptome prekomjerno aktivnog mokraćnog mjehura u usporedbi s placebom. Opažene nuspojave bile su slične poznatim nuspojavama mirabegrona.Background: The majority of patients with overactive bladder (OAB) are aged >65 yr. There has been no prospectively designed study assessing treatment effi cacy with the b3-adrenoreceptor agonist, mirabegron, specifi cally in this age group. Objective: A phase IV study comparing fl exibly dosed mirabegron versus placebo in elderly patients with OAB and urgency incontinence. Design, setting, and participants: Community-dwelling patients aged ≥65 yr with OAB for ≥3 mo. Intervention: Following a 2-wk placebo run in, patients with one or more incontinence episodes, three or more urgency episodes, and an average of eight or more micturitions/ 24 h were randomised 1:1 to double-blind 25 mg/d mirabegron or matched placebo, for 12 wk. After week 4 or 8, the dose could be increased to 50 mg/d mirabegron/matched placebo based on patient and investigator discretion. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: Coprimary endpoints: change from baseline to end of treatment (EOT) in the mean numbers of micturitions/24 h and incontinence episodes/24 h. Secondary endpoints: change from baseline to EOT in the mean volume voided/micturition, mean number of urgency episodes/24 h, and mean number of urgency incontinence episodes/24 h. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used for the mean number of micturitions/24 h, mean volume voided/micturition, and mean number of urgency episodes/24 h. Stratifi ed rank ANCOVA was used for the mean numbers of incontinence episodes/24 h and urgency incontinence episodes/24 h. Results and limitations: Statistically signifi cant improvements were observed for mirabegron versus placebo in change from baseline to EOT in the mean number of micturitions/24 h, mean number of incontinence episodes/24 h, mean volume voided/micturition, mean number of urgency episodes/24 h, and mean number of urgency incontinence episodes/24 h. Safety and tolerability were consistent with the known mirabegron safety profi le. Conclusions: Mirabegron effi cacy, safety, and tolerability over 12 wk were confi rmed in patients aged ≥65 yr with OAB and incontinence

Cardiovascular safety in refractory incontinent patients with overactive bladder receiving add-on mirabegron therapy to solifenacin (BESIDE)

© 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Summary : Aims/objectives: : In the BESIDE study, combination therapy (antimuscarinic [solifenacin] and β3-adrenoceptor agonist [mirabegron]) improved efficacy over solifenacin monotherapy without exacerbating anticholinergic side effects in overactive bladder (OAB) patients; however, a potential synergistic effect on the cardiovascular (CV) system requires investigation. Methods: OAB patients remaining incontinent despite daily solifenacin 5 mg during 4-week single-blind run-in, were randomised 1:1:1 to double-blind daily combination (solifenacin 5 mg/mirabegron 25 mg, increasing to 50 mg after week 4), solifenacin 5 or 10 mg for 12 weeks. CV safety assessments included frequency of CV-related treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), change from baseline in vital signs (systolic blood pressure [SBP], diastolic blood pressure [DBP], pulse rate) and electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters. Results: The frequency of hypertension, tachycardia and ECG QT prolongation, respectively, was low and comparable across combination (1.1%, 0.3%, 0.1%), solifenacin 5 mg (0.7%, 0.1%, 0.1%), and solifenacin 10 mg groups (0.8%, 0%, 0.1%). Adjusted mean (SE) change from baseline to end of treatment (EoT) in SBP, DBP, and pulse rate with combination (0.07 mm Hg [0.38], -0.35 mm Hg [0.26], 0.47 bpm [0.28]), solifenacin 5 mg (-0.93 mm Hg [0.38], -0.45 mm Hg [0.26], 0.43 bpm [0.28]) and solifenacin 10 mg (-1.28 mm Hg [0.38], -0.48 mm Hg [0.26], 0.27 bpm [0.28]) was generally comparable, with the exception of a mean treatment difference of ~1 mm Hg in SBP between combination and solifenacin monotherapy; SBP was unchanged with combination and decreased with solifenacin monotherapy. Mean changes from baseline to EoT in ECG parameters were generally similar across treatment groups, except for QT interval corrected using Fridericia's formula, which was higher with solifenacin 10 mg (3.30 mseconds) vs. combination (0.49 mseconds) and solifenacin 5 mg (0.77 mseconds). Conclusion: The comparable frequency of CV-related TEAEs, changes in vital signs and ECG parameters indicates no synergistic effect on CV safety outcomes when mirabegron and solifenacin are combined

Efficacy and Safety of Mirabegron Add-on Therapy to Solifenacin in Incontinent Overactive Bladder Patients with an Inadequate Response to Initial 4-Week Solifenacin Monotherapy: A Randomised Double-blind Multicentre Phase 3B Study (BESIDE)

AbstractBackgroundIncontinence has a greater detrimental effect on quality of life than other symptoms of overactive bladder (OAB) and is often difficult to treat with antimuscarinic monotherapy.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and the safety and tolerability of combination (solifenacin 5mg and mirabegron 50mg) versus solifenacin 5 or 10mg in OAB patients remaining incontinent after 4 wk of solifenacin 5mg.Design, setting, and participantsOAB patients remaining incontinent despite daily solifenacin 5mg during 4-wk single-blind run-in were randomised 1:1:1 to double-blind daily combination or solifenacin 5 or 10mg for 12 wk. Patients receiving the combination were initiated on mirabegron 25mg increasing to 50mg after week 4.Outcome measurements and statistical analysisThe primary end point was a change from baseline to end of treatment (EOT) in the mean number of incontinence episodes per 24h (stratified rank analysis of covariance [ANCOVA]). Key secondary end points were a change from baseline to EOT in the mean number of micturitions per 24h (ANCOVA) and number of incontinence episodes noted in a 3-d diary at EOT (mixed-effects Poisson regression). A trial (BESIDE) comparing combination treatment (solifenacin plus mirabegron) with one treatment alone (solifenacin) tested the superiority of combination versus solifenacin 5mg, noninferiority (and potential superiority) of combination versus solifenacin 10mg (key secondary end points), and the safety and tolerability of combination therapy versus solifenacin monotherapy.Results and limitationsA total of 2174 patients were randomised to combination (n=727), solifenacin 5mg (n=728), or solifenacin 10mg (n=719). At EOT, combination was superior to solifenacin 5mg, with significant improvements in daily incontinence (p=0.001), daily micturitions (p<0.001), and incontinence noted in a 3-d diary (p=0.014). Combination was noninferior to solifenacin 10mg for key secondary end points and superior to solifenacin 10mg for improving daily micturitions. All treatments were well tolerated.ConclusionsAdding mirabegron 50mg to solifenacin 5mg further improved OAB symptoms versus solifenacin 5 or 10mg, and it was well tolerated in OAB patients remaining incontinent after initial solifenacin 5mg.Patient summaryIn this 12-wk study, overactive bladder patients who remained incontinent despite initial solifenacin 5mg treatment received additional treatment with mirabegron 50mg. Combining mirabegron 50mg with solifenacin 5mg was superior to solifenacin 5mg alone in improving symptoms of incontinence and frequent urination, and it was well tolerated.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT01908829