Appearance of an inhomogeneous superconducting state in La<SUB>0.67</SUB>Sr<SUB>0.33</SUB>MnO<SUB>3</SUB>-YBa<SUB>2</SUB>Cu<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>7</SUB>-La<SUB>0.67</SUB>Sr<SUB>0.33</SUB>MnO<SUB>3</SUB> trilayers

An experimental study of proximity effect in La0.67Sr0.33MnO3-YBa2CU3O7-La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 trilayers is reported. Transport measurements on these samples show clear oscillations in critical current (Ic) as the thickness of La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 layers (dF) is scanned from ~50 &#197; to ~ 1100 &#197;. In the light of existing theories of ferromagnet-superconductor (FM-SC) heterostructures, this observation suggests a long range proximity effect in the manganite, modulated by its weak exchange energy (~2 meV). The observed modulation of the magnetic coupling between the ferromagnetic LSMO layers as a function of dF, also suggests an oscillatory behavior of the SC order parameter near the FM-SC interface

Bright Lesion Detection in Color Fundus Images Based on Texture Features

In this paper a computer aided screening system for the detection of bright lesions or exudates using color fundus images is proposed. The proposed screening system is used to identify the suspicious regions for bright lesions. A texture feature extraction method is also demonstrated to describe the characteristics of region of interest. In final stage the normal and abnormal images are classified using Support vector machine classifier. Our proposed system obtained the effective detection performance compared to some of the state–of–art methods

An Empirical Analysis of cluster-based routing protocols in wireless sensor network

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are utilized for condition monitoring, developing the board, following animals or goods, social protection, transportation, and house frameworks. WSNs are revolutionizing research. A WSN includes a large number of sensor nodes, or bits, in the application. Bits outfitted with the application\u27s sensors acquire nature data and send it to at least one sink center (in like manner called base stations). This article simulates energy-efficient network initialization strategies using simulation models. First, an overview of network initiation and exploration procedures in wireless ad-hoc networks is provided. The clustering-based routing strategy was selected since it\u27s best for ad-hoc sensor networks. The clustering-based routing techniques used for this study are described below. LEACH, SEP, and Z-SEP are used. MATLAB was used to implement and simulate all routing protocols. All protocols were simulated with various parameters like Number of CHs, Number of Alive Nodes, Number of Dead Nodes, Number of packets to BS, and circumstances to show their functioning and to determine their behavior in different sensor networks

High efficiency multi-junction solar cell design

Energy from the sun is the best option for electricity generation as it is abundantly available everywhere and sustainable source. Advance of Photovoltaic (PV) technology in recent years has made solar energy one of the practical alternative energy sources available in the energy market. In order to make the PV energy more affordable and cost effective, major focus of the research community and industry is improvement on power efficiency of PV systems. Early stage of solar panel manufacturing known as process technology plays a crucial role in achieving above limits. This paper presents a novel process technology for solar panel with 6 junctions

Atomic structure, binding energy, and magnetic properties of iron atoms supported on a polyaromatic hydrocarbon

The atomic structure, energetics, and properties of gas-phase cluster complexes containing coronene (C24H12) molecule and up to two iron atoms are studied for the first time using density functional theory and generalized gradient approximation for exchange and correlation. The geometries of the neutral and cationic iron–coronene complexes are optimized without symmetry constraint and by examining the possibility that iron atoms could occupy various sites via individual π or bridging interactions. In both neutral and cationic complexes a single Fe atom is found to preferentially occupy the on-top site above the outer ring, while two Fe atoms dimerize and reside on the top of center of the outer rings. The binding energy of neutral Fe2–coronene defined with respect to dissociation into coronene and Fe2 is larger than that of Fe–coronene while reverse is true for the corresponding cations. Although the ionization potentials of these complexes are not very sensitive to the number of adsorbed Fe atoms, they are significantly reduced from those of the Fe atom or the coronene molecule. The photodecomposition of cationic (Fen–coronene)+ complexes proceeds through the ejection of either coronene+ or (Fe–coronene)+ cations while in the case of neutral Fe2–coronene, the ejection of Fe2 is energetically preferred. The coupling between the Fe atoms remains ferromagnetic although the magnetic moment/atom is reduced from the free-atom value. The results compare well with recent mass ion intensity and photofragmentation experiments

Design and fabrication of cryogenic probe for penetration depth measurements down to 1.8 K

We describe the design and fabrication of a cryogenic probe for measurements of magnetic penetration depth (&#955;) down to 1.8 K. Penetration depth provides fundamental information about the nature of superconductivity and sets the length scale for vortex dynamics. Our probe employs the single coil self inductance technique at radio frequencies, in which the coil configuration along with the temperature stabilized tunnel diode oscillator enable the measurement of &#955; for thin film samples. There is also a provision for studying modulation of &#955; in the presence of small magnetic fields generated from an inbuilt coaxial superconducting coil. We present the performance of this probe in controlled sustenance of temperatures below 4.2 K and attainment of a signal-to-noise ratio of ~105,while measuring superconducting transition of a foil of indium