Modeling protein complexes using restraints from Crosslinking Mass Spectrometry

Modeling macromolecular assemblies with restraints from crosslinking mass spectrometry (XL-MS) tends to focus solely on distance violation. Recently, we identified three different modeling features inherent in crosslink data: (1) expected distance between crosslinked residues; (2) violation of the crosslinker's maximum bound; and (3) solvent accessibility of crosslinked residues. Here, we implement these features in a scoring function. cMNXL, and demonstrate that it outperforms the commonlyused crosslink distance violation. We compare the different methods of calculating the distance between crosslinked residues, which shows no significant change in performance when using Euclidean distance compared with the solvent-accessible surface distance. Finally, we create a combined score that incorporates information from 3D electron microscopy maps as well as crosslinking. This achieves, on average, better results than either information type alone and demonstrates the potential of integrative modeling with XL-MS and low-resolution cryoelectron microscopy

Collation of the results of the 2014 aggregate minerals survey for England and Wales

1.1 Aggregate Minerals (AM) surveys, normally undertaken at four-yearly intervals since 1973, provide an in-depth and up-to-date understanding of national and sub-national sales, inter-regional flows, transportation, consumption and permitted reserves of primary aggregates. The surveys are used to inform the development of minerals policy in respect to the production, movement and consumption of aggregates. The data are made publicly available. 1.2 This report is the collation of the data for primary aggregates for 2014, therefore there has been a five year period between this and the previous survey (AM2009). In addition to presenting information on regional and national sales, consumption, and permitted reserves of primary aggregates, the AM2014 report also presents data on the movement and consumption of primary aggregates by sub-region. Information is also presented on the quantity of aggregate minerals granted and refused planning permission and planning permission applications withdrawn between 2010 and 2014. In addition, information is presented on the quantity of aggregate minerals within planning permission applications submitted between 2010 and 2014 and were awaiting a decision at 31 December 2014. 1.3 The information is presented for England and Wales and for individual regions and was collected from aggregate producers by Mineral Planning Authorities (MPAs) using a standard form (Appendix F). It was subsequently collated at regional level by the relevant Aggregate Working Party Secretary (Appendix I) or the British Geological Survey (BGS)1 and at national level by the BGS on behalf of the Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG) and the Welsh Government. Similar information was published by the then Department of the Environment for 1973, 1977, 1985, 1989 and 1993, the Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions for 1997, the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister for 2001 and the Department for Communities and Local Government and the Welsh Assembly Government for 2005 and 2009 (Appendix H). Comparisons of sales, consumption and permitted reserves for these years and 2014 are provided in Tables D1 to D3

Hydrothermal Surface-Wave Instability and the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky Equation

We consider a system formed by an infinite viscous liquid layer with a constant horizontal temperature gradient, and a basic nonlinear bulk velocity profile. In the limit of long-wavelength and large nondimensional surface tension, we show that hydrothermal surface-wave instabilities may give rise to disturbances governed by the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation. A possible connection to hot-wire experiments is also discussed.Comment: 11 pages, RevTex, no figure

Approximation of excitonic absorption in disordered systems using a compositional component weighted CPA

Employing a recently developed technique of component weighted two particle Green's functions in the CPA of a binary substitutional alloy $A_cB_{1-c}$ we extend the existing theory of excitons in such media using a contact potential model for the interaction between electrons and holes to an approximation which interpolates correctly between the limits of weak and strong disorder. With our approach we are also able to treat the case where the contact interaction between carriers varies between sites of different types, thus introducing further disorder into the system. Based on this approach we study numerically how the formation of exciton bound states changes as the strengths of the contact potentials associated with either of the two site types are varied through a large range of parameter values.Comment: 27 pages RevTeX (preprint format), 13 Postscript figure file

A Power Theory of Third Party Intervention in Labour Management Relations

Il existe des rapports de force dans le domaine des relations professionnelles. Chacun des acteurs tire son pouvoir de l'expression de sa personnalité dans les relations interpersonnelles à l'intérieur de la structure organisationnelle ainsi que du contexte environnemental. Le pouvoir influe aussi sur le degré de motivation sur le conflit et sur la négociation dans le fonctionnement d'un système de relations du travail. Un conciliateur, un médiateur ou un arbitre exerce le prestige personnel dont il dispose et le pouvoir délègue dont il jouit de manière à modifier et à équilibrer le pouvoir parmi les acteurs. Son rôle est d'une importance primordiale pour assurer la paix industrielle, augmenter la productivité et raffermir la confiance dans le milieu. Dans la littérature en matière de relations du travail, on ne trouve aucune théorie du pouvoir se rapportant à la tierce partie. Dans le présent article, les auteurs s'efforcent de présenter les sources théoriques du pouvoir ainsi que certains concepts theoriques dans la mesure où ils peuvent s'appliquer à la motivation, au conflit lui-mêmeet à la négociation. En conclusion, il est fait référence au rôle de l'intervenant au cours des négociations directes volontaires, qu'il s'agisse d'un conciliateur, d'un arbitre ou d'un médiateur.Dans un système de relations professionnelles, on retrouve trois acteurs: les travailleurs ou leurs associations, les employeurs ou leurs associations et le gouvernement. Nous soulevons l'hypothèse (1) qu'ils ne sont pas au nombre de trois, mais de quatre, (2) qu'ils disposent tous d'un prestige et d'une influence individuels. Tout en rappelant la première affirmation, force est de reconnaitre que le gouvernement ne joue pas toujours le rôle d'un conciliateur ou d'un arbitre dans le champ des relations du travail. Très souvent, conciliateurs et arbitres puisent leur statut de pouvoir du fait qu'on le reconnait de plein gré dans les conventions. Cependant, il s'agit de personnes distinctes du gouvernement. En ce qui concerne la deuxième hypothèse, la littérature en matière de relations du travail n'a pas considère le désir du pouvoir, inhérent dans la personnalité des acteurs, comme significatif en lui-même. Nous sommes d'accord avec les spécialistes qui croient qu'il existe chez chaque individu une tendance personnelle au prestige ou au pouvoir (Hillenbrand, 1949; Guardini, 1961; Volan, 1966). Nous pouvons faire un pas de plus et soutenir que les quatre acteurs de l'intérieur du système des relations professionnelles s'y trouvent parce qu'ils veulent mettre en équation le pouvoir et leur propre valorisation. Ceci est conforme à l'approche positive du pouvoir chez Ogletree (1971).Le pouvoir n'est pas seulement un attribut de la personne, mais un attribut inhérent au phénomène des relations sociales. Ici, le pouvoir personnel vient nécessairement en contact avec un autre pouvoir. Bien que, dans le champ des relations du travail, les objectifs, les valeurs et les pouvoirs soient considères comme indépendants les uns des autres, le pouvoir revêt la forme d'une influence qui, par un effet de retour, détermine un changement psychologique dans l'objectif que l'on vise (French et Raven, 1959). Les employeurs, par exemple, exercent le pouvoir sur les travailleurs (qu'il s'agisse d'un individu ou d'un syndicat) parce qu'ils tiennent en main les récompenses, la coercition, le droit et le savoir-faire.Les acteurs, dans un système de relations professionnelles, agissent simultanément dans de nombreuses sphères: a) dans des groupes informels, b) dans les syndicats, c) dans les associations d'employeurs. Un individu prestigieux à l'intérieur de ce contexte, c'est celui qui a la capacité de faire que les choses soient accomplies (Kanter, 1977). Ainsi, une personne disposant d'influence, de maitrise de soi, de leadership et de charisme peut changer le climat d'un système des relations du travail.Dans notre contexte, la «tierce partie» est celle qui n'est pas mêlée au conflit, mais en facilite le règlement (Walton, 1965). L'origine et l'efficacité du pouvoir de l'intervenant n'ont guère suscite d'intérêt dans la littérature sur les relations professionnelles.Pour établir une théorie de l'intervention de la tierce partie, nous avons mis au point trois bases ou fondements du pouvoir; 1) la personnalité de l'individu; 2) la situation des organisations en présence; 3) l'amplitude du milieu où l'action se passe. Tous trois infléchissent l'action de l'intervenant. Une tierce partie tire son pouvoir, non seulement de toutes les catégories précédentes, mais aussi du pouvoir que lui donne la loi et de celui que lui accordent les parties elles-mêmes qui se trouvent dans la situation conflictuelle.Les pouvoirs de l'intervenant, ainsi que l'étude le démontre, dépendront du poids de chacune des variables indépendantes. Mais ils seraient aussi grandement conditionnes par son habileté politique, son intelligence des différentes sphères d'influences à l'intérieur desquelles il est oblige de jouer le rôle de catalyseur.Les quatre postulats suivants sont de nature à éclairer l'armature théorique précédente.1) Plus le pouvoir accorde à l'intervenant est grand, plus est grande la possibilité que les parties s'entendent d'elles-mêmes et que le conflit se règle.2) Plus le conflit entre les organisations est circonscrit, plus les possibilités de succès de l'intervenant sont grandes.3) Plus la force de résistance du milieu est marquée, moindre sera la liberté de manœuvre de l'intervenant.4) Plus l'intégrité, la crédibilité, le respect et l'impartialité dont jouit l'intervenant (c'est-à-dire son prestige personnel) sont remarquables, plus ses chances de parvenir à une entente sont grandes.The authors present theoretical constructs of power and theoretical concepts as they apply to motivation, conflict and negotiation

Cosmological Creation of D-branes and anti-D-branes

We argue that the early universe may be described by an initial state of space-filling branes and anti-branes. At high temperature this system is stable. At low temperature tachyons appear and lead to a phase transition, dynamics, and the creation of D-branes. These branes are cosmologically produced in a generic fashion by the Kibble mechanism. From an entropic point of view, the formation of lower dimensional branes is preferred and $D3$ brane-worlds are exponentially more likely to form than higher dimensional branes. Virtually any brane configuration can be created from such phase transitions by adjusting the tachyon profile. A lower bound on the number defects produced is: one D-brane per Hubble volume.Comment: 30 pages, 5 eps figures; v2 more references added; v3 section 4 slightly improve

Exercise Degrades Bone in Caloric Restriction, Despite Suppression of Marrow Adipose Tissue (MAT)

Marrow adipose tissue (MAT) and its relevance to skeletal health during caloric restriction (CR) is unknown: It remains unclear whether exercise, which is anabolic to bone in a calorie-replete state, alters bone or MAT in CR. We hypothesized that response of bone and MAT to exercise in CR differs from the calorie-replete state. Ten-week-old female B6 mice fed a regular diet (RD) or 30% CR diet were allocated to sedentary (RD, CR, n = 10/group) or running exercise (RD-E, CR-E, n = 7/group). After 6 weeks, CR mice weighed 20% less than RD, p < 0.001; exercise did not affect weight. Femoral bone volume (BV) via 3D MRI was 20% lower in CR versus RD (p < 0.0001). CR was associated with decreased bone by μCT: Tb.Th was 16% less in CR versus RD, p < 0.003, Ct.Th was 5% less, p < 0.07. In CR-E, Tb.Th was 40% less than RD-E, p < 0.0001. Exercise increased Tb.Th in RD (+23% RD-E versus RD, p <; 0.003) but failed to do so in CR. Cortical porosity increased after exercise in CR (+28%, p = 0.04), suggesting exercise during CR is deleterious to bone. In terms of bone fat, metaphyseal MAT/ BV rose 159% in CR versus RD, p = 0.003 via 3D MRI. Exercise decreased MAT/BV by 52% in RD, p < 0.05, and also suppressed MAT in CR (−121%, p = 0.047). Histomorphometric analysis of adipocyte area correlated with MAT by MRI (R2 = 0.6233, p < 0.0001). With respect to bone, TRAP and Sost mRNA were reduced in CR. Intriguingly, the repressed Sost in CR rose with exercise and may underlie the failure of CR-bone quantity to increase in response to exercise. Notably, CD36, a marker of fatty acid uptake, rose 4088% in CR (p < 0.01 versus RD), suggesting that basal increases in MAT during calorie restriction serve to supply local energy needs and are depleted during exercise with a negative impact on bone

Violation of local realism vs detection efficiency

We put bounds on the minimum detection efficiency necessary to violate local realism in Bell experiments. These bounds depends of simple parameters like the number of measurement settings or the dimensionality of the entangled quantum state. We derive them by constructing explicit local-hidden variable models which reproduce the quantum correlations for sufficiently small detectors efficiency.Comment: 6 pages, revtex. Modifications in the discussion for many parties in section 3, small erros and typos corrected, conclusions unchange

Periodic Travelling Waves in Dimer Granular Chains

We study bifurcations of periodic travelling waves in granular dimer chains from the anti-continuum limit, when the mass ratio between the light and heavy beads is zero. We show that every limiting periodic wave is uniquely continued with respect to the mass ratio parameter and the periodic waves with the wavelength larger than a certain critical value are spectrally stable. Numerical computations are developed to study how this solution family is continued to the limit of equal mass ratio between the beads, where periodic travelling waves of granular monomer chains exist

Collation of the results of the 2019 aggregate minerals survey for England and Wales

Aggregate Minerals (AM) surveys, normally undertaken at four-yearly intervals since 1973, but at five yearly intervals for the current and previous survey, provide an in-depth and up-to-date understanding of national and sub-national sales, inter-regional flows, transportation, consumption and permitted reserves of primary aggregates. The AM survey aims to provide comprehensive data for monitoring and facilitating aggregates provision at local, regional and national level. The output is used mainly by the Government, MPAs, industry and environmental interest groups. The surveys are used to inform the development of minerals policy in respect to the production, movement and consumption of aggregates. The data are made publicly available. This report is the collation of the data for primary aggregates for 2019. In addition to presenting information on regional and national sales, consumption, and permitted reserves of primary aggregates, the AM2019 report also presents data on the movement and consumption of primary aggregates by sub-region. Information is also presented on the quantity of aggregate minerals granted and refused planning permission and planning applications withdrawn between 2015 and 2019. In addition, information is presented on the quantity of aggregate minerals within planning applications submitted between 2015 and 2019 which were awaiting a decision at 31 December 2019. The information is presented for England and Wales, for individual regions and, where relevant, sub-regions. It was collected from aggregate producers (reserves, sales and sales by destination) and Mineral Planning Authorities (MPAs) (planning permissions) using standard survey forms. The information submitted via these forms was collated by the British Geological Survey (BGS) on behalf of the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (MHCLG) and the Welsh Government. Similar information was published by the then Department of the Environment for 1973, 1977, 1985, 1989 and 1993, the Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions for 1997, the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister for 2001, the Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG) and the Welsh Assembly Government for 2005 and 2009 and DCLG and the Welsh Government for 2014 (Appendix H). Comparisons of sales, consumption and permitted reserves for these years and 2019 are provided in Tables D1 to D3