Alternative Energy Sources and Existing Power Plants in TURKEY

Although our country is rich in natural resources, they are not used consciously. Fossil fuels, our most widely consumed natural resources, meet an important part of our energy deficit. However it is not enough to reduce our dependence on foreign energy. In addition, the negative impact of wastes on the environment and human health has raised the recycling of these wastes. This has resulted in the quest for alternative energy sources. Alternative energy sources include electricity production from rivers, sewage sludge, agricultural and animal wastes, the wind and solar power. This study discusses alternative energy sources and existing power plants in Turkey and their efficiency. Keywords: Alternative energy, Thermal reactor, Solar power, Wind powe

Hybridization of Ring and Mesh Topologies in Fifth Generation (5g) Small Cells for Energy Optimisation of Millimetre-Wave Backhaul

Small cells are positioned as a complementary solution to the existing cellular infrastructure, rather than a complete replacement. However, densification of cells leads to an exponential rise in power consumption, especially in the backhaul segment connecting the small cells. Adopting mm Wave spectrum with a vast bandwidth for wireless backhaul links can provide multi-gigabit capacity through intelligent network design. Hence, the paper presents a hybrid backhaul architecture combining the reliability of ring topologies with the flexibility of mesh interconnects using mmWave technology. The methodology developed the hybrid ring-mesh (HRM) topology adaptation spanning the physical link and network layers. The optimisation problem formulation used a bio-inspired firefly algorithm and was embedded in MATLAB Simulink environment. The result showed that HRM topology has the highest throughput of 900Mbps and is fastest compared to Ring and Star topologies of 300Mbps and 500 Mbps, respectively. It maximises energy efficiency from 30Mbps/W and 50Mbps/W of Ring and Star topologies to 90Mbps/W and a latency of approximately 0.5ms. The study provides an alternative means for mm Wave backhauling of small cells as it maximises energy efficiency while ensuring stringent quality of service (QoS) and also offers considerable throughput and latency where there is few number of small cell base stations

The Social Construction of Online Fraud

This study critically examines how online retailers aim to differentiate between fraudulent and non-fraudulent customers by using digitally accessible data. Utilising social constructionism and actor-network theory as a theoretical framework, the study argues that online fraud is constructed through social practices as well as technological and organisational relations. This ongoing process involves several human and non-human actors embedded in heterogeneous networks, but the process is not neutral, and neither can the data used as the basis of fraud management be considered value-free. Big data has often been challenged as a neutral representation of reality, given that the collection and analysis thereof involve human biases, choices, selections and preferences. Consequently, the categories of risk assessment and manual fraud management practices represent these values. However, from a manual fraud review perspective, automated fraud management systems gain an object-like status and often remain unchallenged, and the choices and selections behind these implementations go unnoticed. Categorisations and fraud scorings are pre-giving when manual reviewers enter the risk assessment process and can only operate within existing norms and structures. Manual reviewers take a similar approach and make decisions using additional data sources such as Google and personal and professional websites while imposing their own preferences, biases and understandings, or accepting, rejecting or negotiating alternative realities proposed by other reviewers. It is also crucial how manual reviewers are able to enrol and mobilise other actors to take action in line with their own interests. The study shows that fraud assessment approaches create their own sense of normality and label those as suspicious or fraudulent who seem to deviate from the norm, thereby leading to the inclusion and exclusion of people. Furthermore, most fraud cases are not reported, which means that the vast majority remain unknown to the police, who then construct their own version of the crime

A Rare but Serious Complication of Ladd's Procedure: Recurrent Midgut Volvulus

An eighteen-month-old boy who had undergone a Ladd's procedure for malrotation in the newborn period presented with acute onset of nausea, vomiting, rectal bleeding, and confusion. Laparotomy revealed midgut volvulus, mesenteric lymphadenopathy and massive chylous ascites. Recurrent midgut volvulus following Ladd's procedure is extremely rare but should be borne in mind in cases of persistent or recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms. Timely surgery is necessary to avoid intestinal gangrene and decrease morbidity and mortality related to consequences of midgut volvulus

Characteristics of Measured Rainfall Rate at Ogbomoso, Nigeria for Microwave Applications, Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, 2011, nr 2

Characteristics of rainfall rate useful in the estimation of attenuation due to rain are presented. Rain data collected at Ogbomoso between January–October, 2009 were used in the analysis. Result shows that power law relationship exists between the equiprobable rain rates of two different integration times. The value of conversion factor CE and CR obtained for Ogbomoso are 0.28(60) and 0.64(90) respectively. Our result then shows that different conversion factor is required for different location even within the same climatic region

A principal component analysis-based feature dimensionality reduction scheme for content-based image retrieval system

In Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) system, one approach of image representation is to employ combination of low-level visual features cascaded together into a flat vector. While this presents more descriptive information, it however poses serious challenges in terms of high dimensionality and high computational cost of feature extraction algorithms to deployment of CBIR on platforms (devices) with limited computational and storage resources. Hence, in this work a feature dimensionality reduction technique based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is implemented. Each image in a database is indexed using 174 dimensional feature vector comprising of 54-dimensional Colour Moments (CM54), 32-bin HSV-histogram (HIST32), 48-dimensional Gabor Wavelet (GW48) and 40-dimensional Wavelet Moments (MW40). The PCA scheme was incorporated into a CBIR system that utilized the entire feature vector space. The k-largest Eigenvalues that yielded a not more than 5% degradation in mean precision were retained for dimensionality reduction. Three image databases (DB10, DB20 and DB100) were used for testing. The result obtained showed that with 80% reduction in feature dimensions, tolerable loss of 3.45, 4.39 and 7.40% in mean precision value were achieved on DB10, DB20 and DB100

Evaluation of Waste with High Organic Content in Energy Production

Animal and vegetable wastes are mostly utilized by burning or as fertilizer on agricultural lands. Burning these wastes does not produce a desired level of heat, and the remaining material after heat production cannot be used as fertilizer, either. For this reason, plant and animal wastes are converted into energy by obtaining biogas from biomass, which is one of the most environmentally acceptable methods of solution. This system makes it possible to both produce energy and evaluate the end product as fertilizer. In this study, the efficiency of biogas and methane production from kitchen waste and ovine manure via anaerobic fermentation was evaluated. First of all, the C/N ratio of randomly selected kitchen wastes was determined, and it was found as 34.30. The mixing ratios with ovine manure were determined by considering the C/N ratio that was found. The mixing ratios of kitchen waste and ovine manure by mass were determined as 1:0, 0:1, 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1, respectively, and the C/N values providing optimum biogas production in the mixtures were found. At the end of the 48-day-long anaerobic fermentation process, the highest biogas and methane production was achieved as 525 ml and 332 ml, respectively, in reactor 5 with a mixing ratio of 2:1. This reactor was followed by reactor 2 with 450 ml of biogas and 271 ml of methane production. Accordingly, it was concluded that kitchen waste could be a good mixture with ovine manure in anaerobic fermentation

Bilateral chylothorax after blunt thoracic trauma: a case report

Traumatic chylothorax other than iatrogenic thoracic duct injury is extremely rare in children. Chylothorax can cause cardiopulmonary abnormalities and significant nutritional, metabolic and immunologic consequences. The management of chylothorax ranges from conservative treatment to surgical intervention. We present a four-year-old boy who presented with respiratory difficulty due to multiple rib fractures and bilateral chylothorax, which developed after a blunt chest trauma. The patient was successfully treated through a conservative approach with total parenteral nutrition, nothing by mouth, and bilateral chest tube drainage. The nature of pleural effusion developed following a blunt thoracic trauma is important in the management of trauma patients