Use of Locally Food Attractants for Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae)

The high price of commercial products against pests impose small farmers to use a locally available baits against C.capitata that is the most fruit fly in our country. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of food-based attractants for the capture of C. capitata as well as their selectivity on the populations of beneficial arthropods. we tested some local fermentation products compared to commercial lures (CeraTrap®). Four attractants were evaluated in two peach orchads. Field evaluations show that local fermentation products, particularly the red wine solution outperformed other food-based attractants. However, the average of fruit damage was differed between the four attractants and it was high in the border than in the center of each attractants plot. These attractants also were selective, capturing few beneficial arthropods. It will be necessary to focus our research on how to optimally employ such a trap in conjunction or alternative with other control techniques to drive concerted and integrated pest management due to its low environmental impacts and selectivity toward beneficial insects

PHYLOGENETIC ORIGIN OF FIVE ALGERIAN SHEEP BREEDS

In order to perform a phylogeny study of five Algerian sheep breeds, a sample of 26 animals belonging to Algerian sheep breeds was analysed. Multiple alignment of mitochondrial sequences was performed after the introduction of other highly similar mitochondrial sequences from different regions of the world. 20 different haplotypes were observed, with a nucleotide diversity of 0.60863 and a haplotype diversity of 0.932. The evolutionary history deduced from the study of genetic distances, and phylogeny based on the maximum likelihood model, showed that these five local breeds belong to the mixture of the two world haplogroups (A and B)

Preliminary results on identification of bacterial flora from the saliva of bats in Algeria

Bats are among the most remarkable mammals with extraordinary adaptations. They play a key role in the ecosystem. It is well known that bats are also reservoirs for many viruses. However, their bacterial flora is relatively less explored. According to our bibliographic research, very little work has been carried out on the saliva of bats. The present study describes the microbial diversity associated with the saliva of two species of bats (Myotis Punicus and Rhinolophes ferrumequinum) in Sebdou region (Tlemcen), Algeria. The microbiological, biochemical and molecular examination of the bat saliva allowed to identify 14bacterialgenera:Pseudomonas, Chryseomonasluteola, Staphylococcus spp., Shigella, Raoultellaornithinolytica, Enterobacter cloacae, Enteratia fudicariaii, Serrobatia fudicariaii, odorifera, Suterobacter cloacoe, Suterobacter sakazakii, Salmonella charizonae, Salmonella choleraesuis ssp arizone, Klebsiella oxytoca, Proteus Mirabilis and Yersinia. This report give some preliminary results on the microbiota diversity associated with the oral cavity and the saliva of two species of bats, sampled in a determinedregion of Algeri

Desempenho do crescimento de cabritos Arbia sob sistema intensivo em Setif, Argélia

The growth of 81 indigenous Arbia goat kids reared in an intensive system in Setif in northeastern Algeria was observed between birth and 70 days of age. The kids were dam-raised during the first month and then provided with 150 g/head/day of a total mixed ration and oat hay. The kids’ live weights were assessed at fasting and at different ages: 0, 10, 21, 30, 42, 60, and 70 days. The average daily gains (ADG) were also calculated. Growth results were presented for all kids by sex and litter size. The average birth weight was W0 = 2.53±0.19 kg, while the average weight at 70 days was W70 = 10.1±1.54 kg, which correspond to an overall daily weight gain of ADG0-70 = 108±21 g/day. The study showed that birth weight was affected by litter size, while growth after birth was mainly affected by sex. Birth weights were similar between males and females, but males grew faster (p<0.001) after birth. Single kids were heavier (p<0.05) than twins at 70 days of age, which is the consequence of a heavier birth weight and a faster growth rate in the first 10 days after birth (ADG0-10). After 10 days, litter size did not affect ADG. Compared to other indigenous populations, Arbia goat kids demonstrated valuable growth potential for meat production.O crescimento de cabritos indígenas da Arbia criados sob um sistema de alto insumo foi investigado em 81 cabritos desde o nascimento até os 70 dias de idade na região de Setif, no nordeste da Argélia. A alimentação foi baseada no leite da mãe durante o primeiro mês de idade; em seguida, foram fornecidos 150 g/cabeça/dia de uma ração mista total e feno de aveia. O peso vivo dos cabritos foi medido em jejum em diferentes idades: 0, 10 21, 30, 42, 60 e 70 dias, respectivamente. Também foram calculados os ganhos médios diários (GMD). Os resultados de desempenho de crescimento foram expressos para todos os cabritos, por sexo e tamanho da ninhada. O peso médio ao nascer foi P0 = 2,53 ± 0,19 kg, enquanto o peso médio aos 70 dias foi P70 = 10,1 ± 1,54 kg, o que corresponde a um ganho de peso diário global GMD0-70 = 108 ± 21 g/dia. O estudo mostrou que o peso ao nascer foi afetado pelo tamanho da ninhada, enquanto o crescimento após o nascimento foi afetado principalmente pelo sexo. De fato, o peso ao nascer foi semelhante entre machos e fêmeas, mas após o nascimento os machos crescem mais rapidamente (p<0,001). Os animais nascidos de partos simples eram mais pesados ​​(p<0,05) do que de partos gemelares aos 70 dias de idade, consequência do peso maior ao nascer e de uma taxa de crescimento mais rápida até os 10 dias de idade (GMD0-10). A partir de 10 dias, o tamanho da ninhada não afetou o GMD. O desempenho dos cabritos da Arbia mostrou um potencial de crescimento valioso para a produção de carne quando comparado a outras populações de cabras indígenas

Camel herds' reproductive performance in Algeria: objectives and thresholds in extreme arid conditions

Abstract A survey was carried out for evaluating camel herd's fertility and fecundity under Algerian extreme arid conditions. Progeny History Testing data obtained from 14 camel herds (78 females and 20 males) were analyzed and compared with standard objectives and thresholds. The age at first rut, the first oestrus, first male and female mating (months ± SD) were 37.2 ± 16.29, 31.07 ± 8.97, 42.6 ± 14.28 and 35.52 ± 8.55, respectively. The birth conception interval, open days, age at first calving and calving interval were 40.35 ± 9.41 months, 340 ± 203 days, 51.05 ± 9.59 months and 22.32 ± 5.63 months. The mean male to female ratio was 1:40. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed 21.81 ± 16.4 (days) post-mating and the duration of pregnancy was on average 12.80 ± 0.30 months. The mean herd's annual fertility was 56.2 ± 6.6%; the mean culling age of males per herd was 15.30 ± 2.47 years whereas females were culled at 23.31 ± 5.64 years with a mean number of 5.23 ± 2.91 lactations. The observed reproductive traits were acceptable when compared to the fixed objectives for pastoral livestock. However, all the considered herds showed annual fertility out of threshold. The lack of significant strategy to improve age at first calving, calving interval and reasoned use of dromedary bulls, is likely to affect fertility and productivity of Algerian camel herds. Such negative trend could hamper the genetic improvement of autochthonous camel ecotypes and compromise the camel sector and the ecosystemic services provided by local cameleers

Genetic variability in the A microsatellite at SLC11A1 gene and possible implications with innate resistance against brucellosis in Algerian native goats

Abstract. Sahraoui H, Madani T, Fantazi K, Chaouch Khouane A, Ameur Ameur A, Paschino P, Vacca GM, Gaouar SBS, Dettori ML. 2020. Genetic variability in the A microsatellite at SLC11A1 gene and possible implications with innate resistance against brucellosis in Algerian native goats. Biodiversitas 21: 5630-5636. Goat rearing is among the major agricultural activities practiced in Algeria. However, brucellosis represents an important threat to the goat sector and to public health. The aim of our work was to characterize the genetic variability of the A microsatellite at the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) of SLC11A1 gene in Algerian native goat breeds as it was associated with Brucellosis genetic resistance in goat. Genomic DNA samples of 90 goats belonging to the four Algerian native breeds; Mekatia (n = 32), Arbia (n = 30), Dwarf of Kabylia (n = 14) and Mozabit (n = 14) have been analyzed. Polymorphism of region A microsatellite was determined by capillary electrophoresis identifying 8 alleles and 20 genotypes. Genetic parameters were also estimated. Polymorphic information content was PIC = 0.60, the observed and the expected heterozygosity were Ho = 0.569 and He = 0.595, respectively, and the values of FIS, FIT and FST were 0.044, 0.064, and 0.021, respectively. The A microsatellite was highly polymorphic and alleles associated genetic resistance against brucellosis in other breeds or species have been identified. These results open a promising opportunity to implement a genetic improvement program to reduce goat brucellosis spread in Algeria