The Memory of an Imperialist War Propaganda: How the Legacy of the Second Sino-Japanese War Affects Current Sino-Japanese Relations

The present research suggests that developments related to the Second Sino-Japanese War take place today between Japan and the People’s Republic of China, surging current Sino-Japanese relations. The two countries have always had a surging relationship, affected by an ample number of events throughout history. The Second Sino-Japanese War is a turning point in the history of Sino-Japanese relations. The war is a military conflict fought primarily between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan that took place from July 7, 1937, until September 2, 1945. The imperialist war propaganda of the Empire of Japan during the Sino-Japanese War of 1937-45 has left its marks on the later developments of the Sino-Japanese relations, and this paper will analyze how the imperialist war propaganda of the Sino-Japanese War of 1937-45 is acting as a legacy in the discourse between Japan and the People’s Republic of China. In the light of this question, it is plausible to state that the legacy of the Sino-Japanese War of 1937-45 has left a unique heritage to the relations between the two countries; the Empire of Japan’s imperialist war propaganda is still a stumbling block in current Sino-Japanese relations

The Evolution of Japanese Women’s Status Throughout the History and Modern Japan’s Question: Are Japanese Women ‘Empowered’ Today?

Japanese society has stabilized gender roles strictly throughout history. An example of this case is that the Japanese community—today—necessitates a double standard. In contemporary Japan, women have to present themselves as ‘feminine beings,’ harboring women-like attributes. Japanese men, however, possess ‘masculine’ aspects, and they have to play the ‘masculine’ role to meet society’s expectations. Moreover, a more intriguing detail goes as although there have been periods including inclinations towards transformation in the Japanese community, it is plausible to claim that gender issues in Japan show correlation—and affinities—with Japan’s pre-historical eras. In other words, although there is a concept of stronger and more liberal Japanese women—especially within the urbanized metropolitan cities—the status of Japanese women, today, is not independent of Japanese women of the pre-modern and modern Japan. It is essential to observe the circumstances that surround Japanese women within the society by analyzing main historical periods that left significant marks upon Japanese identity. A comparison of Japanese women’s roles in today’s Japan and Japan’s more preceding years is achievable solely by comprehensive analysis and recognition of the women’s state during the more initial times of Japan. What is more, concerning the more preceding periods, it is plausible to discern an ‘evolution’ in the position of women, for there have been variations as a result of several historical eras

The Legacy of a War: How the Legacy of the Russo-Japanese War Affected the US-Japan Relations

The Russo-Japanese War—fought between the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan from 1904 until 1905—was undoubtedly among the most significant wars in world history. Not only did it define the future of imperialism adopted by the Russian Empire, but it also shaped the future of world politics. Some scholars even refer to the Russo-Japanese War as ‘World War Zero’ (Steinberg 2007), given its profound and long-lasting impacts. This paper will elucidate the Russo-Japanese War, elaborate on the events and battles that took place during the war chronologically, analyze the consequences of the Russo-Japanese War, and draw a conclusion elucidating how the aftermath of the Russo-Japanese War affected US-Japan relations

Interpreting in Japan: History, Profession, Current Trends and Developments

The present research project aims to investigate the profession of conference interpreting in Japan. The first section furnishes a summary of the Japanese language and also studies how the geography of Japan reshapes Japan’s monolingual and monocultural landscape. The research project also reveals the history of interpreting, educational institutions related to conference interpreter training, and current trends in the interpreting profession, along with associations and organizations of conference interpreters in Japan. Moreover, the research conducted for this project unveils the current situation of interpreting in Japan and reviews whether it is a fully established profession as it is in the European Union—whose institutions have one of the most comprehensive interpreting services in the world (Introduction to Interpretation 2019). Ultimately, the research project examines universities, prevailing trends, and advancements associated with conference interpreting and both their positive and negative impacts on the profession itself

Exploring Women Workers in Meiji Japan: The Underclass of Japanese Industrialization with a Chinese Comparison

The present research discusses the working conditions of Japanese women during the Meiji period, along with a Chinese comparison. It compares and contrasts the demographic situation of the Empire of Japan and China, introduces the level of industrialization in both countries, and analyzes the working conditions and lifestyles of both Japanese and Chinese women during the late nineteenth century. Japan, during the Meiji Period, became a country where industrialization gained momentum, and as such, the Japanese government needed women to provide the industries with the much-needed workforce. Therefore, the present research also elaborates on certain micro studies, as well as anecdotes from both Japanese and Chinese women workers employed in factories both in the Empire of Japan and China. In this sense, this research aims at revealing the position of Japanese women in terms of gender roles with a comparative view. It also includes articles and related book chapters discussing how family sociology perceived women workers of the late nineteenth century in Japan and China. Finally, the analysis responds to the question, “Is fleeing from small villages to urbanized cities a captivation or liberty for Japanese and Chinese women?

De-/Re-militarization of Japan: Does Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution prevent Japan’s Sovereignty?

The present research discusses whether Japan is currently a sovereign state or not. It is plausible to commence by stating that Japan’s sovereignty has been a malleable and contested issue in the 21st century—which derives its roots from the history of the U.S.-Japan relations. The U.S.-Japan relations are of tremendous significance if one is to comprehend whether contemporary Japan is a sovereign polity. Japan—having become a de-militarized country through the pacifist Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution in the aftermath of World War II and the atomic bombings Hiroshima and Nagasaki—has lost its sovereignty.1 Such a thesis may sound contested, given that Japan has never been a colonized state. Historically speaking, Western powers have never formally colonized Japan, yet Japan was a colonizer itself.2 It has, however, experienced formal semi-colonial situations, and Western colonialism has profoundly influenced modern Japan in wide-ranging ways. It is, nevertheless, incontrovertible that Japan has never been a colonized state as it is the case, for instance, the British Raj. Despite having remained a non-colonized country throughout its history, nevertheless, Japan’s extreme dependence on the United States for its defensive security purports that it is not a sovereign nation (discussed in the following paragraphs). Furthermore, the question whether Japan is a sovereign state or not in the 21st century has its origins rooted in the very text of the Security Treaty between the United States and Japan—which is the most quintessential record regarding the Japanese security policies of the United States and the U.S.-Japan relations, given that it is a bilateral agreement. Therefore, Therefore, it is the Security Treaty between the United States and Japan, along with its 1951 and 1960 revisions that have been the most notable deciding factor in determining whether Japan is a sovereign state or not in the 21st century

Railroads of the Glorious Empires in the late 19th Century: From the Great Game to the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05

Railroads have been an inevitable part of countries’ expansionist and imperialist policies throughout history. Easing commodity and mobility, railroads also provided the transfer of knowledge and became a means of intelligence sharing. In this view, it is plausible to observe a pattern where nations allocated budget for their railroad construction throughout history. Moreover, they also sought expansionist policies by constructing ‘trans’ railroads, connecting more extensive regions, or even continents. Hence, investigating railroads sheds light on world history, for it enables one to comprehend the ultimate motives countries had before embarking upon such endeavors. The present research, therefore, analyzes railroad construction focusing on the nineteenth century. It commences by introducing a brief history of the railroad construction around the globe. Then, it moves on to the Great Game theory and analyzes how the rivalry between the British and Russian Empires increased the speed of constructions with expansionist policies behind them. This research also elucidates what impacts railroads built by the Russian Empire had on the Empire of Japan, and how it led to the escalation of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05. Moreover, it focuses on the conflicts taking place between the Russian Empire and the United States with a connection to their impacts on the British Empire. In conclusion, the paper aims at discovering a trend showing how railroads shaped world history, taking into account the example of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05

The Russo-Japanese War (1904-05) [Part One]

The Russo-Japanese War—fought between the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan from 1904 until 1905—was undoubtedly among the most significant wars in world history. Not only did it define the future of imperialism adopted by the Russian Empire, but it also shaped the future of world politics. Some scholars even refer to the Russo-Japanese War as ‘World War Zero’ (Steinberg 2007), given its profound and long-lasting impacts. This paper will elucidate the Russo-Japanese War, elaborate on the events and battles that took place during the war chronologically, analyze the consequences of the Russo-Japanese War, and draw a conclusion elucidating how the aftermath of the Russo-Japanese War affected US-Japan relations

La Mère Nature, Ses Fils et Leur Destine

La relation entre l'homme et la nature a été établi dans les premières années de l'humanité elle-même. Les êtres-humains ont vécu et vivent encore dans le royaume de la nature. Ils interagissent constamment avec elle. La nature influence l’homme dans la forme de l'air qu'il respire, l'eau qu'il boit, la nourriture qu'il mange et le flux d'énergie et d'information. Toute modification de l'environnement ne peut pas seulement entraîne des effets dévastateurs, mais peut également constituer une menace pour la race humaine

The Challenges the Taishō Democracy Faced.pdf

The democratization of Japan has been challenging throughout Japanese history. A society remaining used to the feudal order, Japanese norms and values as a result of the 200-years long sakoku (closed country) policy of the Tokugawa Shogunate and imperial order faced tremendous challenges in its path of democratization. Therefore, the question of why Japan failed to democratize itself but disguised its ambitions in the ideologies such as militarism, expansionism, and imperialism, is of significant value. Such a dichotomy in Japanese history, which lies in the gap between democratization and militarism, has more than one explanation to it, for it is plausible to analyze Japan's failure by investigating cultural, political, and economic causes altogether. Only then is it conceivable to recognize an inclination in the contemporary global agenda as well, by explaining why particular nations, such as the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation, are a far cry from other democratic nations of the globe