ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN SISTEM PERPUSTAKAAN BERBASIS WEB PADA SMP PAX ECCLESIA DAN SMA PAX PATRIAE BEKASI

ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN SISTEM PERPUSTAKAAN BERBASIS WEB PADA SMP PAX ECCLESIA DAN SMA PAX PATRIAE BEKASI

Pendampingan dan Peningkatan Kapasitas Kader Relawan Stunting di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Rasau Jaya Kalimantan Barat

Stunting merupakan masalah serius yang mengancam generasi penerus bangsa. Pembentukan kader relawan stunting merupakan upaya dalam mengatasi dan mencegah masalah ini berkelanjutnya, namun masih minimnya kapasitas kader yang terbentuk. Solusi yang ditawarkan dalam mengatasi masalah adalah melalui metode pendampingan dan peningkatan kapasitas kader relawan stunting. Tahapan pelaksanaan kegiatan ini melalui tahap sosialisasi dan audiensi, edukasi kader relawan stunting (penyuluhan dan pendampingan), dan peningkatan pengetahuan kader relawan stunting sebesar 70%. Kegiatan ini berjalan dengan baik dan lancar. Kader relawan stunting yang mengikuti kegiatan ini merasakan manfaat terkait dengan fungsi dan kapasitas sebagai kader stunting, serta mampu menjalankan tugas dan tanggungjawabnya. Diperlukan pendampingan secara aktif dari pihak puskesmas dan pemerintah desa setempat agar upaya mencegah dan mengendalikan kejadian stunting di daerah setempat dapat berjalan sebagaimana mestinya, efektif dan efisien

How do REDD+ projects contribute to the goals of the Paris Agreement?

Hundreds of projects to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation and enhance carbon stocks (REDD+) are implemented globally, many by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) or for-profit companies. Yet, at the global level, the Paris Agreement focuses on jurisdictional (national and subnational) REDD+. We ask: (1) How much can REDD+ projects contribute to achieving national and international climate objectives? (2) What are the issues in integrating REDD+ projects into national carbon accounting? Our snapshot of 377 REDD+ projects covering 53 million ha in 56 countries is based on data from the International Database on REDD+ Projects (ID-RECCO) supplemented with new data on projects' accounting methods. The number of new REDD+ projects declined steadily from 45 new projects in 2011 to five in 2019. We examined 161 certified projects that started between 2007 and 2017; 96 of these could sell carbon credits in voluntary carbon markets by 2020 and spent on average 4.7 (± 2.4) years between project start and sales in voluntary carbon markets. Globally, REDD+ projects claim to reduce an average of 3.67 tCO2e/ha annually. This figure - combined with projects limited coverage - implies that projects need to be upscaled more than 40x to fulfil the potential contribution of tropical and subtropical forests towards limiting global warming to well below 2oC. Compared to the national carbon accounting methods, most projects in Colombia, Indonesia and Peru (63 of 86) use at least one different carbon accounting parameter. Carbon accounting inconsistencies across levels need to be addressed. Overall, the argument for REDD+ projects lies in the emissions reductions they can achieve, diversifying participation in REDD+ and providing non-carbon benefits to local communities, potentially leading to broader support for climate action

Enforcement and inequality in collective PES to reduce tropical deforestation: Effectiveness, efficiency and equity implications

Collective Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES), where forest users receive compensation conditional on group rather than individual performance, are an increasingly used policy instrument to reduce tropical deforestation. However, implementing effective, (cost) efficient and equitable (3E) collective PES is challenging because individuals have an incentive to free ride on others’ conservation actions. Few comparative studies exist on how different enforcement strategies can improve collective PES performance. We conducted a framed field experiment in Brazil, Indonesia and Peru to evaluate how three different strategies to contain the local free-rider problem perform in terms of the 3Es: (i) Public monitoring of individual deforestation, (ii) internal, peer-to-peer sanctions (Community enforcement) and (iii) external sanctions (Government enforcement). We also examined how inequality in wealth, framed as differences in deforestation capacity, affects policy performance. We find that introducing individual level sanctions can improve the effectiveness, efficiency and equity of collective PES, but there is no silver bullet that consistently improves all 3Es across country sites. Public monitoring reduced deforestation and improved the equity of the program in sites with stronger history of collective action. External sanctions provided the strongest and most robust improvement in the 3Es. While internal, peer enforcement can significantly reduce free riding, it does not improve the program’s efficiency, and thus participants’ earnings. The sanctioning mechanisms failed to systematically improve the equitable distribution of benefits due to the ineffectiveness of punishments to target the largest free-riders. Inequality in wealth increased group deforestation and reduced the efficiency of Community enforcement in Indonesia but had no effect in the other two country sites. Factors explaining differences across country sites include the history of collective action and land tenure systems