Gratuity of Ethnic Community

This thesis will explain the societal functions of an ethnic community (sirur people). This community comesunder thesirur kings and they have no naming tradition. Muvendars are having the tradition of establishing their name in public but thesesirur’snames have not been found in any literature. They habituated in two different typical places named ooirandsirur. Sirur denotes that a limited population habituated in a place. Sirurpeople do not have much wealth to donate, So they stake their possession objectsto keep their benevolence. It is learned that the sirur people borrowed money to meet their basic food needs. They always have the tradition of sharing whatever they have with others instead of keeping it for them. Further, these traits do not exist in other communities. It shows that the virtue of hospitality belongs to the housessirur people. Sirars goes to the war field as a soldier under the orders of the king and it helps them to earn the sufficient income they need instead of living on the meagre income available in their provenances. Sirur people received sufficient money by working as a soldier and soon they become a superior economy (in marudhanilathur) with high possession as a community. Due to social development, They declared war against the king (vendar) and they are defeated by the king which destroyed the sirur community

Evaluation Of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Final Year and Internship Students Towards the Use of Devitalising Agent in Endodontics

Introduction: Infections of the root canal space and their sequelae may be extremely painful and potentially dangerous, yet they may not always necessarily be. Many general dental practitioners find management of the inflamed pulp challenging in their routine dental practice. First step within the mortal endodontic methods of treatment is positioning of devitalizing medicine. The devitalizing agents can compose formaldehyde, cresol, paraformaldehyde or some arsenic compounds. Thus, this study aims to analyze knowledge, attitude and practice of final year and internship students regarding the use of devitalizing agents in their respective practice. Materials And Method: A total of 100 practicing final year and internship students were randomly chosen. The questionnaire was about the general information of the different aspects of devitalizing agents. The collected data was subjected to SPSS. Descriptive statistics was drawn with respective percentages to have a comparative overview. Result: The response rate was 99% of which effective and complete replies were 100%. 73% of the students observed post operative pain. 55% respondents used paraformaldehyde containing paste. 38% of the students were not aware of the complications of devitalizing agentsP value is 0.352; DF: 3; p value: 0.615 ie (p > 0.05). Hence the association was not statistically significant. Conclusion: We concluded that final year and internship students do use pulp devitalizing agents despite possessing knowledge related to the complications

A study of anatomical parameters of human calcanei in fetuses and adults

INTRODUCTION: Formation of arches of foot plays a key role in bipedalism in human beings. Calcaneum is a unique tarsal bone participating in the arch formation. It has six surfaces facilitating attachment of muscles, ligaments and joint formation. There are individual and racial differences in the anatomical construction of calcaneum depending on the nature of articular facets and calcaneal grooves. The dysmorphologies of calcaneum due to congenital anomalies or fractures need medical or surgical management. AIM AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to find out, that each race has a unique pattern of calcaneum and the pattern of calcaneum was defined genetically. The detailed morphologic and morphometric observation would enlighten the knowledge of Anatomist, Radiologist and Orthopedic surgeons. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 120 adult dry human calcanei of unknown gender without anomalies were studied. 30 calcanei of fetuses without gross anomalies were dissected out and observed. 100 x-ray images of ankle lateral view without any pathology were studied from the PACS in the institution, PSG IMS&R In the dry bone study, the shape, position, pattern ad numbers of articular facets were observed with naked eye. Thus the types of calcaneum were classified. The length breadth, height of calcaneum and length, breadth, height of interfacetal grooves were measured with the sliding digital Venire caliper. In the fetal bones, the shape of articular facets and the nature of interfacetal grooves were observed with hand lens and then they were classified as in adult pattern. In normal lateral view of x-ray images of ankle, the incidence of spur was observed. The Bohler’s and Gissane’s angle were measured with the help of special electronic on screen caliper tool. OBSERVATION AND RESULT: Out of the 120 dry calcaneal bones observed, 4 types of calcanei were identified except type 4 which was not found. Among these, Type 1 had the predominant incidence (68.33%) followed by Type 2 (26.67%) and Type 5 (0.83%) had the least incidence. While analyzing the subtypes, Type 1b (36.67%) had more incidence. In both anterior and middle articular facets, the oval shaped facets were predominant followed by the elongated facets. Whereas in posterior facets the circular shaped facets were predominant followed by rectangular facets. In analyzing the 30 fetal calcaneal bones, Type 1b calcanei had the highest incidence followed by Type 1a.When 100 images of lateral view of ankle radiographs were observed, the mean Bohler’s angle was 30.49o and the mean Gissane’s angle was 114.80o. The mean Bohler’s angle had a significant difference while comparing the right female and left female samples with a P value of 0.047. The presence of spur was higher 32% on the left side than right side. The incidence of spur in female population was higher (34%) than the male population (24%).There was a gradual increase in incidence of spur from 21to60 years. The highest incidence of spur was in the age group of 41to50 years and the least incidence was in less than 20 years of age. Both Achilles and plantar spur had the highest incidence (44.83%) and the least incidence was found in Achilles spur (12.07%). CONCLUSION: Type 1 calcanei had the highest incidence, both in adult and fetal bone study. The increased sustentacular angle and more surface area of Type 1 calcanei could favor easy gliding of articular facets and formation of unstable joint, resulting in early subtalar arthritis. So the podiatrists who treat this population could meet patients with more incidence of subtalar arthritis which is a common problem of Type 1 calcanei. The orthopedic surgeons’ reconstructing the calcaneal derangements will be benefited by the detailed knowledge of calcaneal morphometry. The surgical techniques need modification while treating the Type 1 calcanei which is more common in Indian population in contrast to Type 2 calcanei present in European population. As calcaneal spur is one of the cofactor in the aetiologies of heel pain, the morphological and morphometric knowledge of spur observed in this study would help the podiatrist in planning the surgical or non-surgical line of treatment. The lower limit of Bohler’s and Gissane’s angle were comparatively less in our population than in international standards. The study of these angles in this population will help the Radiologist in, not reporting a false positive or negative calcaneal fracture. The angles of calcaneum play a key role while reconstructing the arches of foot in calcaneal fracture and also in assessing the prognosis of fracture management

Extraction and characterization of pectin derived from underutilized papaya seeds as a value-added product

Food processing industries generate a massive amount of biowastes, which causes major environmental issues. High-level marketable bioproducts can be extracted from these biowastes as value-added products. One such value-added product is pectin. Papaya fruit is one of the tropical fruits that is utilized the most to produce a greater number of processed foods in the food processing industries. Papaya seeds are one of the underutilized parts of papaya and have potential commercial value-added products. The present study aims to extract pectin from papaya seed waste using the hot water extraction technique. Furthermore, one factor at a time (OFAT) was used to find the optimum process conditions for the high extraction of pectin. The parameters considered were liquid–solid ratio (5-50 ml/g), sample weight (5-25 g), extraction time (15-90 min), temperature (50-100°C) and pH (1-3). A high yield of pectin (8.655%) was obtained at a liquid–solid ratio of 25 mL/g, sample weight of 20 g, extraction time of 60 min at 80°C, pH of 1.5 and precipitation with ethanol. Proximate analysis was performed for the papaya seeds that had moisture (82.10%), ash (1.76%), protein (1.52%), fat (1.42%) and carbohydrate (13.20%), and the pectin extracted from papaya seeds were found to have moisture (7.8%), ash (7.6%), protein (2.2%), fat (2.1%) and carbohydrate (80.3%). Pectin was characterized with gas chromatography for its methoxy content, which was found to be 9.216%. The current investigation found that pectin obtained from papaya seeds had low methoxy pectin, which has commercial applications in the jam and jelly industries

Best proximity points for proximal Górnicki mappings and applications to variational inequality problems

We introduce a large class of mappings called proximal Górnicki mappings in metric spaces, which includes Górnicki mappings, enriched Kannan mappings, enriched Chatterjea mappings, and enriched mappings. We prove the existence of the best proximity points in metric spaces and partial metric spaces. Moreover, we utilize appropriate examples to illustrate our results, and we verify the convergence behavior. As an application of our result, we prove the existence and uniqueness of a solution for the variational inequality problems. The obtained results generalize the existing results in the literature

MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION AND FACTORIAL OPTIMIZATION OF MICROBIAL ISOLATES FOR POLYOL PRODUCTION

ABSTRACT Xylitol is a pentitol, a natural sweetener, found its application in food/ pharmaceutical industries, exploited especially for its anti-cariogenic properties. Xylitol is a valuable product with rising demands in market, it becomes significant to study and optimize the production with more of economic justification. In this work, xylitol obtained by biotechnological methods was based on fermentation by yeast isolated from sugarcane extracts collected from the Sathyamangalam, Tamilnadu, India. Yeast isolates were identified using conventional microbiological approach, modern metagenomic analysis and the gene sequence was deposited in NCBI repository. The growth of Candida parapsilosis strain BKR1 (NCBI accession no.:KC462059) andits xylitol production capability were assessed. The single factorial optimization revealed that pH, Temperature and initial substrate concentration was 4, 30ºC and 0.1 g/ml respectively

Studies on lipase enzyme production by indigenously isolated Bacillus Cereus (BAIT GCT 127002 ) and Bacillus Cereus (BAIT GCT 127001)

Microbial lipases holds a prominent place among biocatalysts that act on carboxylic ester bonds.  This present study involves about eight strains isolated form slaughter house waste water,Coimbatore producing lipase.Among those strains , two bacterial strains exhibiting high lipase production  were identified as  Bacillus Cereus (BAIT GCT 127002 ) and Bacillus Cereus (BAIT GCT 127001 ) by both biochemical analysis and 16S rRNA sequencing.  Initial studies were done for optimizing lipase production using many components such as time course,Carbon sources ,pH and innoculum volume which  revealed maximum lipase acitivity (43.37 U/ml) at 24 hours, using  palm oil , at pH 8 and innoculum volume of 1 ml by Bacillus Cereus (BAIT GCT 127002 ).Further the percentage  removal of oil from oil stained fabric was determined using partially purified lipase with or without detergents and the results indicated 20% ,30% removal with use of  crude lipase and commercial detergent respectively.Hence, lipase from Bacillus Cereus(BAIT GCT 127002 )   can be regarded as an ideal ingredient that can be used in the laundry detergents.Â&nbsp

Efficacy of Intratympanic Dexamethasone Injection in Subjective Idiopathic Tinnitus- An Interventional Study

Introduction: Tinnitus is a common and annoying symptom characterised by the perception of sound without any corresponding external stimulus. Subjective idiopathic tinnitus is a subjective form of tinnitus where the perceived sound originates from the auditory nervous system, without both aberrant aetiology and external stimuli. Intratympanic injection of steroid (Dexamethasone) is used for the treatment of subjective idiopathic tinnitus by introducing the drug through the tympanic membrane, resulting in reduced systemic toxicity and a higher perilymph steroid level. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of intratympanic dexamethasone injection in the treatment of subjective idiopathic tinnitus. Materials and Methods: This prospective interventional study was carried out at Madurai Medical College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India, from March 2021 to March 2022. A total of 30 patients with subjective idiopathic tinnitus were subjected to intratympanic dexamethasone injection, once per week for three weeks. Improvement in the symptom of tinnitus was assessed by means of subjective evaluation with the help of Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) before and after one week, one month and three months of last injection. Data were statistically analysed using Student’s paired t-test. Results: The results of this study shows that, 53.33% of the population belonged to the age group of 31-40 years. There was 16 females and 14 males. There was a significant reduction in the mean grade of THI at one month and three months after the treatment. The mean THI score was significantly reduced from 50.067 before treatment to 35.733 in one month and 26.933 in three months after the treatment. Conclusion: The intratympanic injection of dexamethasone was found to be effective in the treatment of subjective idiopathic tinnitus. Intratympanic treatment was demonstrated to improve tinnitus scores in the study population