Gebelikte kinolonlara maruziyeti takiben gebelik sonuçları: Sistematik derleme ve meta-analiz

xii, 119 sayfa29 cm. 1 CDÖZETSistematik derleme ve meta-analizimizin amacıbugüne kadar insanlarda yapılmış çalışmaları değerlendirerek, gebelikte kinolonlara maruziyetin çeşitli advers gebelik sonuçları ile ilişkili olup olmadığını araştırmaktır. Yapılan literatür taraması sonucunda meta-analize dahil edilmesi uygun bulunan 8 kohort ve 2 vaka-kontrol çalışması çeşitli advers gebelik sonuçları açısından RevMan 5.3'da analiz edildi.Summary:The objective of our systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine whether the exposure to quinolones is associated with an increased risk of various adverse pregnancy outcomes. After literature searching, 8 cohort and 2 case-control studies found appropriate for meta-analysis, were analysed in RevMan 5.3 in terms of adverse pregnancy outcomes.Kaynakça içerir

Doktrinleşme Sürecindeki İnsani Müdahale: Nato'nun Kosova Müdahalesi ve Koruma Sorumluluğu Kavramı

During the disintegration of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, in Kosovo a civil war between Albanian gerilla fighters called Kosovo Liberation Army and Serbian paramilitary forces backed by Serbian police with Yugoslav army started in 1998. After the failure of mediator states and international organizations in preventing war, North Atlantic Treaty Organization had started a military intervention on March 24, 1999 in order to stop the increasing amounts of civilian deaths and attacks. This intervention which started without the permission of United Nations Security Council has argued, during and after, in terms of legal and humanitarian aspects. In this paper, it is mentioned firstly the disagreements, between ethnic-Serbians and ethnic-Albanians, leading the way to the 1998-1999 Kosovo War. After that, main legal and humanitarian arguments about NATO's intervention in Kosovo are examined. Then the evolution of the concept of Responsibility to Protect created by International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty in 2001 is explained. In the end, by evaluating the NATO's Kosovo intervention in accordance with Responsibility to Protect's criterion, it is discussed the effect of NATO's intervention in Kosovo on the formation of these criterion and rulesYugoslavya Sosyalist Federal Cumhuriyeti'nin parçalanma sürecinde, Kosova'da Arnavut milis güçleri Kosova Kurtuluş Ordusu ile Sırp polisi, milisleri ve Yugoslav güvenlik güçleri arasında 1998'de bir iç savaş başladı. Savaşı engellemek için arabuluculuk yapan devletlerin ve uluslararası örgütlerin başarıya ulaşamaması sonucu, artan sivil ölümleri ve gittikçe şiddetlenen saldırıları durdurmak için 24 Mart 1999'da NATO müdahalesi başladı. Birleşmiş Milletler Güvenlik Konseyi'nin izni olmadan gerçekleşen müdahale, başlangıcından sonuna kadar ve sonrasında da, hukuki ve insani açılardan tartışıldı. Çalışmada, öncelikle 1998-1999 Kosova Savaşı'na giden süreçte Sırp-Arnavut anlaşmazlıkları ele alındı. Daha sonra NATO'nun Kosova müdahalesine dair başlıca tartışmalar incelendi. Müdahale ve Devlet Egemenliği Uluslararası Komisyonu'nun 2001'de yayınladığı Koruma Sorumluluğu Raporu'ndan ve bu rapor ile oluşturulan Koruma Sorumluluğu kavramının gelişiminden bahsedildikten sonra da, NATO'nun Kosova müdahalesi, Koruma Sorumluluğu kriterlerine göre değerlendirilerek; bu kriterlerin ve kuralların oluşumunda Kosova müdahalesinin etkisi tartışıldı

Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty for Treatment of Pseudophakic Bullous Keratopathy

Pur po se: To evaluate the results and complications of Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) in the treatment of pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK). Ma te ri al and Met hod: Twenty eyes of 20 patients who underwent DSAEK with a diagnosis of PBK in our clinic between September 2010-January 2012 were included in this study. Pre- and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), refraction values, endothelial cell density, and graft position were analyzed. Complications and treatments were recorded. Re sults: The mean age of the 20 patients (11female, 9 male) was 71.44±7.55 years (range: 56-83 years) and the mean follow-up time was 11.35±3.90 months (range: 3-16 months). Preoperative mean BCVA was 0.04±0.044 and 12-month BCVA was 0.55±0.22 (p=0.001). Mean endothelial cell density was 1508.42±254.82 cell/mm² at 12-month follow-up visit. Dislocation of graft lenticule occurred in five patients and graft failure occurred in one patient. Dis cus si on: DSAEK, due to the more rapid rehabilitation, is an alternative to penetrating keratoplasty in the treatment of endothelial diseases despite the steep learning curve and different complications. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2012; 42: 263-68

İSTİSMARCI YÖNETİM ALGISI: LİDER CİNSİYETİ, ÇALIŞANCİNSİYETİ VE LİDER-ÇALIŞAN İLİŞKİSİNDE CİNSİYET BENZERLİĞİETKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Çalışma, toplumsal cinsiyetin, yıkıcı liderlik türlerinden istismarcı yönetim algısıüzerindeki etkisini araştırmaktadır. Toplumsal cinsiyetin liderlik algısına etkisiniaraştıran çalışmalar genellikle olumlu liderlik türlerine odaklanmış olup istismarcıyönetim algısında toplumsal cinsiyet rollerinin etkisi henüz keşfedilmemiştir. Kadın veerkeklerin nasıl davrandığını ve nasıl davranması gerektiğini ortaya koyan toplumsalcinsiyet rollerinden hareketle, çalışma, olumlu ve etkili liderlik algısının yanı sıraistismarcı yönetim algısının da bu basmakalıp yargılarla şekillenebileceğini önesürmektedir. Kağıt-kalem yöntemi ile toplanan ve kurgusal senaryoların 260 katılımcıtarafından değerlendirilmesiyle elde edilen veriler, lider cinsiyetinin ve çalışancinsiyetinin doğrudan etkisinden ziyade, lider-çalışan ilişkisinde cinsiyet benzerliğininistismarcı yönetim algısı üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi olduğu göstermektedir. Analizsonuçlarına göre, istismarcı yönetim algısı, lider-çalışan ilişkisinde cinsiyet benzerliğisöz konusu olduğunda yükselmektedir. Aynı zamanda, kadın çalışanların, kadın liderleridaha istismarcı olarak algılamaları, kadınların hemcinsleri tarafından da liderlikleridahilinde olumsuz değerlendirildiklerini ortaya koymaktadı

Complications and Management of Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty

Objectives: To report the intraoperative and postoperative follow-up complications and management of these in deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) surgery. Materials and Methods: Two hundred eighty-four eyes of 252 patients followed up in our cornea clinic who underwent DALK using Anwar’s big-bubble technique with healthy Descemet’s membrane and endothelium were included in this study. Intraoperative and postoperative complications as well as the management and treatment of these complications were evaluated. Results: Big bubble was created in 220 (77.5%) eyes of 284 eyes, and lamellar dissection was performed in 64 (22.5%) eyes. Perforation occurred during trephination in 4 eyes, and the procedure was accomplished by penetrating keratoplasty (PK). Intraoperative microperforation occurred in 44 eyes. Perforation enlarged in 4 eyes and PK was performed. Operation was continued in 40 eyes with air injection into the anterior chamber. In postopertive follow-up period, double anterior chamber (DAC) occurred in 32 of 40 eyes. DAC spontaneously regressed in 8 eyes, and air was given into the anterior chamber with a second surgical intervention in 24 eyes. DAC improved in 20 eyes. Four eyes underwent PK. Fungal keratitis evolved at the interface in one eye, because of no healing during the follow-up period, this eye underwent PK under antifungal therapy. Eyes with interface haze and Descemet’s membrane folds were followed. Conclusion: DALK is a difficult technique with a steep learning curve. In addition to the complications seen in PK, specific complications can occur in lamellar surgery. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2014; 44: 337-40

CFD-driven surrogate-based multi-objective shape optimization of an elbow type draft tube

Draft tube is the part of Francis turbines which is used to both discharge water and recover kinetic energy at the exit of the runner. A design optimization study of an elbow type draft tube based on the combined use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), design of experiments, surrogate models and multi-objective optimization is presented in this study. The geometric variables that specify the shape of the draft tube are chosen as input variables for surrogate models and the pressure recovery factor and the head loss are selected as output responses. It is determined that, pressure recovery factor, which is the main performance parameter, can be increased by 4.3%, and head loss can be reduced by %20 compared to the initial CFD aided design. Pressure recovery factor, is represented with a second order polynomial regression model in terms of the geometrical parameters based on the optimization results. The verification of the model is also provided by comparison with CFD results for different draft tubes other than that are used in the development of the model. The model is verified using 30 different design points and it can predict the pressure recovery factor with an error of less than 8%. This model allows the fast and correct design and optimization of elbow type draft tubes, without the need for further CFD simulations. (C) 2017 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.The computations are performed using the computational cluster and computer infrastructure of TOBB ETU Hydro Energy Research Laboratory, financially supported by Turkish Ministry of Development. The first author was also financially supported by Turkish Scientific and Research Council (Tubitak) BIDEB program for her MS studies which is the subject of this article

Association between children's temperament and learning behaviors: Contribution of relationships with parents and teachers

The present study is an investigation of the contributions of child temperament (persistence and reactivity), parent-child (closeness and conflict), and teacher-child relationship (closeness and conflict), to pre-school children's learning behaviours with a focus on the moderating role of these relationships between child temperament and learning behaviours. Participants were 140 children (59 girls) aged 39 to 77 months (M = 62.57, SD = 8.53). Child temperament and parent-child relationships were reported by parents. Teacher-child relationships and learning behaviours were reported by teachers. Results from regression analyses accounting for the nesting structure of the data showed that reactivity, parent-child conflict, and teacher-child conflict were negatively, and persistence and teacher-child closeness were positively related to children's learning behaviours. In addition, when the parent-child conflict was at average or high levels, children with higher reactivity displayed lower levels of learning behaviours. The findings highlight that both temperament and relationships with parents and teachers are important for children's learning behaviours

Resistinin Tavşan Korpus Kavernosumundaki Etkisi Üzerine Resveratrolün Rolü

Objective: Resistin is an important factor in the pathogenesis of obesity-induced insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction-mediated cardiovascular system diseases. Endothelial dysfunction is one of the most important causes of erectile dysfunction. Polyphenol resveratrol has several pharmacological functions, such as preventing endothelial dysfunction and inducing endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation via redox regulation and nitric oxide production. The present study tested the hypothesis that resveratrol restores endothelium-mediated responses that are disrupted by resistin. Materials and Methods: After a 24 h incubation period of tissues with resistin, endothelium-dependent and independent relaxation responses and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase level were evaluated in the presence and absence of resveratrol in rabbit corpus cavernosum (CC). Results: Resistin caused no impairment in the endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxation responses. In the presence of resistin, NADPH oxidase levels increased by 28% in the CC tissues. However, the difference was not statistically significant. Resveratrol administration caused a significant decrease in NADPH oxidase activity in the resistin-treated group compared with the resistin-alone group. Conclusion: Resistin caused no changes in the functional responses of CC and NADPH oxidase activity, but resveratrol incubation significantly reduced NADPH oxidase activity in penile tissue. Based on the results of the study, resveratrol may be a treatment target under conditions in which NADPH oxidase activity is increased in penile tissue. In line with the results of this study, the effect of resistin on CC must be investigated at different concentrations and incubation times.Amaç: Resistin, obezite ile indüklenen insülin direnci ve endotelyal disfonksiyon aracılı kardiyovasküler sistem hastalıklarının patogenezinde önemli bir faktör olarak bilinmektedir. Endotel disfonksiyonu, erektil disfonksiyonun en önemli nedenlerinden biridir. Polifenol resveratrol, endotel disfonksiyonu önlemek, redoks regülasyonu ve nitrik oksit üretimini sağlayarak endotel bağımlı vasküler gevşemeyi indüklemek gibi çeşitli farmakolojik fonksiyonlara sahiptir. Bu çalışma ile, resistin ile bozulan endotel aracılı yanıtları resveratrol düzeltir, hipotezi test edilmiştir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Dokuların resistin ile 24 saatlik inkübasyon periyodunun ardından, tavşan korpus kavernosumunda (KK), resveratrol varlığında ve yokluğunda, endotel bağımlı ve bağımsız gevşeme yanıtları, nikotin amid adenin dinükleotid fosfat (NADPH) oksidaz seviyesi değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Resistin, endotel-bağımlı ve bağımsız gevşeme yanıtlarını bozmadı. Resistin varlığında, NADPH oksidaz seviyeleri CC dokularında %28 arttı, ancak fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi. Resveratrol varlığında resistin uygulanan gruptaki NADPH oksidaz aktivitesinde, tek başına resistin grubuna oranla, anlamlı derecede azalma oldu. Sonuç: Resistin, KK’de fonksiyonel yanıtlar ve NADPH oksidaz aktivitesinde herhangi bir değişikliğe neden olmadı, ancak resveratrol inkübasyonu penil dokudaki NADPH oksidaz aktivitesini anlamlı olarak azalttı. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına dayanarak, resveratrolün, penil dokuda NADPH oksidaz aktivitesinin arttığı koşullarda bir tedavi hedefi olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları doğrultusunda, resistinin KK üzerindeki etkisinin farklı konsantrasyonlarda ve farklı inkübasyon sürelerinde araştırılması gereklidir