The First Balkan Alliance, 1866-1868

The Balkan alliance system of 1912 was one of the most important political developments in the modern Balkan history. Before the Balkan wars, the Balkan states formed the alliances between them (Serbia-Bulgaria, Bulgaria-Greece and Montenegro-Bulgaria-Serbia). They defeated the Ottoman Empire in the First Balkan War with the help of these alliances. This article examines the First Balkan Alliance of 1866-68 which was regarded as a kind of rehearsal or a historical proto-example of the alliance system of 1912, and which was formed by the Serbian Prince Mihail Obrenovich and his minister of foreign affairs Ilija Garasanin. The main goal of alliance system was to eliminate the Ottoman Empire from the Balkans. In this context, Serbia signed the alliance treaties with Montenegro in September 1866 with the Bulgarian Secret Central Committee in January 1867, with Greece in August 1867 and with Romania in January 1868. Although the 1866-68 alliance system was not able to achieve its main goal due to some local, regional and continental reasons, it had remained in the minds of Balkan political leaders. When they found a more suitable political and military atmosphere in 1912, they immediately revitalized the alliance of 1866-68

Avusturya Saray ve Devlet Arşivi'ndeki (Haus-, Hof- und Staatsarchiv) Türkiye Fonları

Bu makalenin amacı, Osmanlı tarihinin dış kaynakları bakımından en önemli arşivlerden biri olarak değerlendirilen Avusturya Saray ve Devlet Arşivi'ndeki Türkiye fonlarını tanıtmaktır. Makalede öncelikle kısaca Saray ve Devlet Arşivi'nin tarihi üzerinde durulacak sonra da Türkiye fonlarının bir değerlendirmesi yapılacaktır.Bu makalenin amacı, Osmanlı tarihinin dış kaynakları bakımından en önemli arşivlerden biri olarak değerlendirilen Avusturya Saray ve Devlet Arşivi'ndeki Türkiye fonlarını tanıtmaktır. Makalede öncelikle kısaca Saray ve Devlet Arşivi'nin tarihi üzerinde durulacak sonra da Türkiye fonlarının bir değerlendirmesi yapılacaktır

Detection of left ventricular asynchrony and its relationship with the Tei index in patients with coronary artery ectasia

WOS: 000319219000003PubMed: 24294056OBJECTIVE: To evaluate left ventricular (LV) systolic asynchrony and its relationship with the Tei index using tissue Doppler imaging (TDI); and to evaluate the relationship of thrombolysis in myocardial infarction frame count (TFC) and Tei index with LV asynchrony in patients with coronary artery ectasia (CAE). METHODS: A total of 50 CAE patients and 40 control subjects were evaluated. Diagnosis of CAE was made angiographically and TFC was calculated. LV systolic and diastolic function was assessed by conventional echocardiography and TDI. Evaluation of intra-LV systolic asynchrony was performed using tissue synchronization imaging (TSI). RESULTS: In patients with CAE, the Tei index was significantly higher than in controls (0.63 +/- 0.12 versus 0.52 +/- 0.12; P<0.001). LV systolic asynchrony parameters of TSI including SD of the peak tissue velocity (Ts) of the 12 LV segments (Ts-SD-12), maximal difference in Ts between any two of the 12 LV segments (Ts-12), SD of the Ts of the six basal LV segments (Ts-SD-6), maximal difference in Ts between any of the six basal LV segments (Ts-6) were significantly lengthened in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism compared with controls (P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). In addition, a positive correlation was found between Ts-SD-12 and the Tei index in patients with CAE (r=0.841; P<0.001) and mean TFC was positively correlated with Ts-SD-12 and the Tei index (r=0.345; P=0.013 and r=0.291; P=0.021, respectively). CONCLUSION: Patients with CAE exhibit evidence of LV systolic asynchrony according to TSI. LV systolic asynchrony is related to the Tei index and mean TFC. Furthermore, the Tei index is an independent risk factor for LV systolic asynchrony

Disappearance of Biodiversity and Future of Our Foods

“I. Uluslararası Organik Tarım ve Biyoçeşitlilik Sempozyumu 27-29 Eylül Bayburt