The restrictions of the Maximum Entropy Production Principle

We tried to explain our point of view on this principle and answer a number of critical questions in this comment. It is the first time we have clearly presented all the existing restrictions of MEPP application and briefly explained them; this will help to avoid misunderstandings connected with its use.Comment: 7 pages, Added argument

Nonequilibrium Statistical Model of Active Transport of Ions and ATP Production in Mitochondria

A model of the active transport of ions through internal membranes of mitochondria is proposed. If concentrations of ions in a cell are known, this model allows calculating concentrations of all main ions (H+, Ca+2, K+, Mg2+, Na+, Cl−) in the mitochondrion matrix and the resting potential across the membrane. The theoretical values satisfactorily agree with available experimental data on the concentrations and the potentials, including different operating regimes of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthetase (the main regime, short circuiting or ATP synthetase blocking). The active transport of Mg2+ ions in exchange for protons was assumed. In accordance with the model, the ATP synthetase operation is possible only if the stoichiometric coefficient of protons is 3

Mechanisms and models of the active transport of ions and the transformation of energy in intracellular compartments

Various transport models and mechanisms for ions from different compartments of the cell are considered. Compartments such as mitochondria, synaptic vesicles, sarco- and endoplasmic reticulum and vacuoles are considered. It is shown that an adequate description of the compartment-based substance transport can be developed using thermodynamically correct models. Such models are used to calculate both the concentrations of ions in such compartments and the resting potential on their membranes. The problem of the complexity of transport systems is also discussed. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd

Real-Time Simulation of Force Parameters for Diagnostics of Ceramic Tool Condition During Milling of High-Hardness Steel Parts

Cutting ceramics is a high-performance tool material for high-speed machining of hard steels and alloys. Ceramic materials have high hardness and heat resistance in a wide range of temperatures, as well as chemical passivity in relation to most of the workpieces. However, the wider application of ceramic cutting tools is limited due to the low reliability - unpredictable fragile fracture of the cutting edge in different periods of operation. The study discusses mathematical simulations of force parameters in the milling of hardened steels using ceramic cutting tools. The simulation results were used to develop a system for the metalworking technological system state diagnostics. Mathematical software for calculations of the set of force parameters through computer simulations with taking into account the tool wear has been developed. The developed system allows calculating and graphically displaying a set of force parameters appearing during face milling of hardened steels in the real-time

Real-Time Simulation of Force Parameters for Diagnostics of Ceramic Tool Condition During Milling of High-Hardness Steel Parts

Cutting ceramics is a high-performance tool material for high-speed machining of hard steels and alloys. Ceramic materials have high hardness and heat resistance in a wide range of temperatures, as well as chemical passivity in relation to most of the workpieces. However, the wider application of ceramic cutting tools is limited due to the low reliability - unpredictable fragile fracture of the cutting edge in different periods of operation. The study discusses mathematical simulations of force parameters in the milling of hardened steels using ceramic cutting tools. The simulation results were used to develop a system for the metalworking technological system state diagnostics. Mathematical software for calculations of the set of force parameters through computer simulations with taking into account the tool wear has been developed. The developed system allows calculating and graphically displaying a set of force parameters appearing during face milling of hardened steels in the real-time