Meckel-gruber syndrome, a rare fetal anomaly: a case report

Otozomal resesif geçisli bir hastalık olan Meckel-Gruber Sendromu (MGS), multipl konjenital anomali içeren nadir bir hastalıktır ve letal seyreden bir sendromdur. MGS'nin klasik triadı; bilateral kistik renal displazi, oksipital ensefalosel ve postaksiyal polidaktilidir. Bunlardan üçünden en az ikisinin olması tanıyı koydurur. Bu yazıda intrauterinMGSsaptanan bir olgu sunulmasını amaçladık. Son adet tarihine göre 23 hafta 5 günlük gebelik + multipl fetal anomali nedeni ile gebe poliklinigimize refere edilen olgu obstetrik ultrasonografi ile degerlendirildi. Yasayan 2 saglıklı çocugu olan 26 yasındaki olgunun hikayesinden, daha önce 32. gebelik haftasında ölü dogum öyküsü oldugu, nedeninin bilinmedigi ama polidaktilisi bulundugu ögrenildi. Olgunun yapılan ultrasonunda fetal bilateral multikistik displastik böbrek, her iki elde polidaktili, bilateral ventrikülomegali ve anhidroamniyos saptandı. MGS düsünülen ve anhidramniyosu olan gebeye konsey kararı sonucu ve ailenin istegi ile tıbbi tahliye uygulandı. 750 gram agırlıgında bir erkek bebek ölü olarak dogurtuldu. Genetik incelemesi yapılan fetusun kromozom analizi normal (46, XY) olarak geldi. Otopsi sonucunda bilateral polikistik böbrek, her iki el ve ayaklarda polidaktili ve micrognati mevcuttu. Prenatal bilateral genislemis multikistik böbrek tanısı MGS'yi akla getirmelidir ve santral sinir sistemi malformasyonları ve polidaktili arastırması yapılmalıdır. Bununla birlikte fetal otopsinin tanının dogrulanmasında önemlidir.Meckel-Gruber Syndrome (MGS), an autosomal recessive disease, is a rare and lethal syndrome with congenital polymalformations Classical triad of MGS is bilateral cystic renal dysplasia, occipital encephalocele and postaxial polydactyly. For diagnosis, two out of these three findings required to be present. In this article, we aimed to present a case with intrauterineMGS. Patient with 23 weeks and five days pregnancy (according to her last menstrual period) with multiple anomalies was evaluated by obstetric ultrasonography. The obstetric history of the 26-year-old patient revealed that she had 2 healthy living children and one previous intrauterine ex fetus with polydactyly and an unknown cause at 32 weeks of gestation. Ultrasonographic examination of the case showed fetal bilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney, polydactyly in hands, bilateral ventriculomegaly and anhidroamnios. The case was diagnosed as MGS and underwent medical termination of pregnancy with the consent of family and the council of doctors. An ex male infant weighing 750 grams was delivered. Genetic analysis showed normal chromosome analysis (46, XY). Bilateral polycystic kidneys, and polydactyly of both hands and feet, and microgynathy were found in autopsy. Investigation of central nervous system malformations and polydactyly should be conducted in patients with prenatal detection of bilateral enlarged multicystic kidneys, when MGS is considered as a possible diagnosis. Furthermore verification of the diagnosis with fetal autopsy is important

Hipokloratın protez kaide malzemesine olan etkisinin incelenmesi

Acrylic resins are now the most important material used as denture base resins. In application process, the color stability of these materials is an important concerned. This study evaluated the color stability of denture base resins; heat polymerized and auto-polymerized denture base polymers at 25°C, 35°C, and 55°C. The color characteristics were determined using tristimulus colorimeter. The samples were subjected to coffee and tea for a week to test color stability. Coffee exhibited higher staining capacity than tea. mIn dental applications, dentists advise their patients to use household bleach in order to disinfect denture materials. The hypochlorite treatment may cause chlorine addition reaction that will lead to the formation of cancerogenic compounds. This study aimed to investigate this effect and it was found that the chlorine addition is possible. The spectroscopic analysis showed that the compounds present in tea and coffee stained the dental material. These compounds are mostly caffeine and its derivatives. DMA and DSC were used to determine the thermal behaviour of samples. It was concluded that the materials are crosslinked. Mechanical tests were performed and it was found that the hypochlorite treatment weakens the mechanical properties. The surface properties of the materials were also investigated with the aid of optical microscoperotez kaide malzemesi olarak zamanımızda akrilik rezinler geniş bir kullanım alanına sahiptir.Bu maddelerin renklerini koruması hizmet süresini etkilemektedir. Bu çalışma, ısıyla kürleştirilen ve 25°C, 35°C, 55°C ısılarında kendi kendine polimerleşen PMMA in renk değişimini incelemiştir. Tristimulus Kolorimetre kullanılarak renk karakteristiği belirlenmiştir. Renk değişimini test etmek için.örnekler çay ve kahve içinde bir haftalık bir süre ile tutulmuştur. Kahvedeki renk değişiminin çaydakine göre daha fazla olduğu görülmüştür.Diş hekimliğinde, protezlerin dezenfeksiyonui için protez kullananlara çamaşır suyu kullanımı önerilmektedir. Hipoklorit uygulaması, kanserojenik etki yapabilen klor ekleme tepkimelerine sebep olabilir. Bu çalışmada klor eklemesinin mümkün olabileceği bulunmuştur. Spektroskopik analizler, kahve ve çayda bulunan maddelerin diş hekimliğinde kullanılan maddelerde renk değişimine sebep olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu maddeler çoğunlukla kafein ve türevleridir. Örneklerin ısısal davranışlarını belirlemede DMA ve DSC kullanılmıştır. Maddelerin çapraz bağlı olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Mekanik testler uygulanmıştır ve hipoklorit uygulamasının mekanik özellikleri zayıflattığı bulunmuştur. Optik mikroskop yardımıyla maddelerin yüzeyleri de incelenmiştir

Diizosiyanat ve dialkol kopolimer sentezi ve karakterizasyonu.

This study was aimed to synthesize low molecular weight hydroxyl terminated polyurethane acrylate polymers that can be used in biomedical applications. Acrylate end capping via inter-esterification reaction was successfully achieved with the methacryloyl chloride addition to the hydroxyl ends of the polyurethane at low temperatures. Isocyanate terminated polyurethane acrylates were also synthesized for the sake of comparison. TDI, HDI and MDI were used as diisocyanates for urethane synthesis and they were end capped with MMA and HEMA. Nature of the monomers used had an effect on thermal, morphological, and rheological properties that were interpreted in terms of the level of hydrogen bonding and degree of phase separation. Synthesized polymers were characterized by NMR, FTIR-ATR, DSC, TGA, GPC, Mass Spectroscopy, SEM and rheometry. In the literature, polyurethane acrylate polymers have been synthesized from the isocyanate terminated polyurethanes in which the urethane chains were ended with isocyanate groups. However, the toxicity of the isocyanate groups limited their biomedical applications especially in prosthetic dentistry as a soft lining material. Therefore, it is inevitable to explore the cytotoxicity of polyurethane acrylate polymers. For this purpose, silver nanoparticles that have an average particle size of 40 nm, were incorporated to the synthesized polymers. This addition, which intends to improve the degree of cytotoxicity, was successful to a certain extent.Ph.D. - Doctoral Progra

Hydroxyl-Terminated Poly(urethane acrylate) as a Soft Liner in Dental Applications: Synthesis and Characterization

Hydroxyl-terminated poly(urethane acrylate)s were synthesized for use in biomedical applications. Acrylate end capping via an interesterification reaction was successfully achieved with methacryloyl chloride addition to the hydroxyl ends of the polyurethane at low temperatures. 2,4-Toluene diisocyanate, 1,6-hexane diisocyanate, and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate were used as diisocyanates for urethane synthesis, and they were end-capped with methyl methacrylate and hydroxyethyl methacrylate. The nature of the monomers that we used had an effect on the thermal and morphological properties that were interpreted in terms of the level of hydrogen bonding and the degree of phase separation. The synthesized polymers were characterized by NMR, Fourier transform infrared/attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and gel permeation chromatography. The number-average molecular weights of the poly(urethane acrylate)s were 2500-6000 g/mol. To use the polymer as a soft-liner material in denture applications, the residual isocyanate should not exist. In this study, we showed that a prepolymer without residual isocyanate could be synthesized. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 117: 458-466, 201

Malformations and Neonatal Problems in Babies of Mothers with Epilepsy: What are the Possible Problems in Women with Epilepsy during Pregnancy?

Objectives:This study aims to investigate the effects of epilepsy and its treatment on maternal and fetal outcomes during pregnancy. Methods: This study was designed as a retrospective observational case-control study. One hundred sixty-nine pregnant women (PW) and their newborns were included. The study group consisted of PW with epilepsy (PWWE)(mean age: 27.6 years; n=89), and the control group comprised PW without epilepsy (mean age: 27.5 years; n=80). Results:In the PWWE, unintended pregnancy was found to be higher (p<0.001). Pregnancy complications and cesarean incidence were higher in the PWWE than in the control group. Time of birth was significantly earlier in the PWWE (p<0.01). No significant difference was found between the groups concerning birth weight, height, sex of infants, and the incidence of birth complications. In the postpartum sixth week visit, all mothers in the control group were nursing their infants, whereas 11.4% of the PWWE were not nursing their infants (n=10) (p<0.05). During the study, two mothers, and one baby with severe malformation died. The prevalence of major congenital malformations (MCMs) was found as 0% in the drug-free group, 5.7% in the mono therapy group, and 8.3% in the polytherapy group, respectively. Conclusion:Although the majority of the mothers with epilepsy have a healthy pregnancy and healthy baby, we found that the mortality rate and risk of experiencing serious problems in the perinatal and postnatal period were higher compared with the controls. Neonatal disorders and congenital malformations were more common in these infants. It is important that these patients should be followed up closely during the pre-conception, pregnancy, and postpartum periods, and infants should be followed up in tertiary neonatal intensive care units when necessary

Microtensile Bond Strength of Self-Adhesive Resin-Based Dental Cement to Bleached Enamel

This study investigated the effectiveness of bleaching agents on the micro tensile bond strength (mu TBS) of self-adhesive luting cement and enamel. A total of 126 samples were prepared from the labial surfaces of permanent human maxillary central incisors and assigned into three groups with 42 samples each as: control, enamel bleached with 10% hydrogen peroxide (HP), and enamel bleached with 10% carbamide peroxide (CP). Rely X Unicem (R) (3 M, ESPE) was used as self-adhesive resin cement. The total testing period for bleaching was selected as 14 days and the bleaching agents were applied 8 hours a day. The statistical one-way ANOVA model and Tukey HSD multiple comparison test (alpha = .01) were used to assess the differences. The control group demonstrated the highest value (18.245 MPa) while HP and CP showed the much lower values of 11.150 and 14.222 MPa, respectively. Bleaching agents affect the mTBS negatively. Failure analysis of the fracture surfaces demonstrated that almost all samples showed adhesive failures at the cement-enamel interface

Synthesis and characterization of poly(allyl methacrylate) obtained by free radical initiator

Allyl methacrylate was polymerized in CCl4 solution by alpha,alpha'-azoisobutyronitrile at 50, 60, and 70 degrees C. The kinetic curves were auto-accelarated types at 60 and 70 degrees C, but almost linear at 50 degrees C. Arrhenius activation energy was 77.5 kJ/mol. The polymer was insoluble in common organic solvents. It was characterized by FT-IR, NMR, DSC, TGA and XPS methods. About 98-99% of allyl side groups were remained as pendant even after completion of the polymerization. The spectroscopic and thermal results showed that polymerization is not a cyclopolymerization type, but may have end group cyclization. The high molecular weight is the main cause of a polymer being insoluble even in the early stage of the polymerization. Molecular weight of 1.1106 for a soluble polymer fraction was measured by light scattering method. The Tg of polymer was 94 degrees C, and after curing at 150-200 degrees C, increased to 211 degrees C. The thermal pyrolysis of polymer at about 350 degrees C gave an anhydride by linkage type degradation, and side group cyclization. The XPS analysis showed the presence of radical fragments of AIBN (initiator) and CCl4 (solvent) associated with oligomers

Thermal degradation of poly(allyl methacrylate) by mass spectroscopy and TGA

Allyl methacrylate, AMA was polymerized in CCl4 solution by alpha,alpha'-azoisobutyronitrile at 50 degrees C. The thermal degradation mechanism of PAMA was characterized by MS, TGA-FT-IR and FT-IR-ATR methods. The mass spectrum and TGA thermogram showed two stage degradation. The first stage of degradation was mostly linkage type degradation for the fragmentation of pendant allyl groups at 225 - 350 degrees C. In the second stage, at 395 - 515 degrees C, the degradation is random scission and depolymerization types. This was also supported by direct thermal pyrolysis of polymer under vacuum. The degradation fragments of MS and TGA were in agreement. In the degradation process, monomer degraded further to CO, CO2, allyl and ether groups. No strong monomer peak was observed in mass spectrum

Synthesis and characterization of boron doped alumina stabilized zirconia fibers

WOS: 000290739500003Boron doped PVA/Zr-Al acetate nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning using PVA as a precursor. The effect of calcination temperature on morphology and crystal structure was investigated at 250, 500, and 800 degrees C. The study also establishes the effect of boron doping on the morphology of PVA/Zr-Al acetate nanofibers at various calcination temperatures. The measurements showed that the conductivity, pH, viscosity and the surface tension of the hybrid polymer solutions have increased with boron doping. In addition, the fibers were characterized by FTIR, DSC, XPS, XRD and SEM techniques. The addition of boron did not only increase the thermal stability of the fibers, hut also increased the average fiber diameters, which gave stronger fibers. The DSC results indicated that the melting temperature (Tm) of the fibers was increased from 256 to 270 degrees C with the addition of boron. XRD peak patterns showed that after further heat treatment at 800 degrees C, zirconia exists in two phases of tetragonal and monoclinic modifications. Moreover, alumina does not transform into the gamma-Al2O3 and theta-Al2O3 phase at 800 degrees C. The SEM appearance of the fibers showed that the addition of boron resulted in the formation of crosslinked bright surfaced fibers.Selcuk University, TurkeyThis work was supported by the grant of M Sc. Program, Selcuk University, Turkey

Preparation and characterization of neodymia doped PVA/Zr-Ce oxide nanocrystalline composites via electrospinning technique

WOS: 000299578000002In this study, neodymia doped poly(vinyl) alcohol/zirconium-cerium acetate (PVA/Zr-Ce) nanofibers were prepared using the electrospinning technique, and then calcined at 800 degrees C for 2 hours. For this purpose, PVA/Zr-Ce polymer solutions doped with different concentrations of neodymia were prepared using electrospinning technique, and then calcined and sintered at 800 degrees C for 2 hours. The effect of neodymia doping was investigated in terms of solution properties, morphological changes and thermal characteristics. The fibers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The measurements showed that the conductivity, pH, viscosity, and surface tension of the hybrid polymer solutions have decreased with increasing Nd acetate content. The FT-IR spectra of the fibers were in good accordance with the literature. The average crystal size values for calcined and sintered samples which were obtained from precursor solutions were calculated. XRD analysis showed that the crystallite size was decreased with increasing Nd content. This result is verified by the calculation of the total areas of the peaks appeared in the XRD spectra. The very sharp and high intense peaks found in the diffraction patterns revealed the crystalline nature of the product. Moreover, the SEM micrograph of the fibers showed that the average fiber diameters decreased with increasing Nd content