Situación económica actual del mercado de fármacos del Ecuador

El Gobierno Nacional busca solucionar unos de los problemas que está enfrentando el sector farmacéutico y a la vez buscar la manera de fijar los precios de los medicamentos importados considerando el costo real de producción en el país donde se fabrican, en vez del valor que se establece en el puerto local, como se lo hace ahora, éste es uno de los planteamientos que se analizan para armar el nuevo reglamento de fijación de precios, cuyo borrador se está discutiendo. Se destaca la importancia de impulsar la producción nacional utilizando la capacidad instalada no funcional en aproximadamente el 60%

Calcium Alginate and Calcium Alginate-Chitosan Beads Containing Celecoxib Solubilized in a Self-Emulsifying Phase

Calcium alginate beads containing celecoxib dissolved in a self-emulsifying phase were developed and characterized with the aim of ensuring a control on the site of drug release. The influence of different variables (concentration of the cross-linking agent, hardening time and amount of loaded drug) on the physico-chemical and biopharmaceutical properties was evaluated. Microscope images showed spherical dried beads and DSC revealed the absence of drug in crystalline state. The swelling behaviour of the beads was pH-sensitive and was not significantly influenced by the different variables selected. All the formulations were able to reduce the drug release at low pH and guaranteed a complete drug release at intestinal pH. In particular, at pH 7.4 the effect of the concentration of the cross-linking agent was evident: the rate and the extent of celecoxib release decreased significantly as the cross-linking agent concentration increased. According to the results presented in this study, adopting 15 min of hardening time in a solution of 100 mM CaCl2 and high drug loading, it is possible to obtain multi-unit systems characterized by good mechanical resistance, scarce swelling and release in acidic environment and good drug availability performances in the intestinal fluids

Análisis de riesgo en el transporte terrestre de sustancias químicas peligrosas en la ciudad de Guayaquil, para identificar la vulnerabilidad y protección de la población, 2014.

Este documento contiene archivo en PDF.La carga, desplazamiento y descarga d materiales peligrosos ocurre a cada momento de cada día en todo el mundo. Desde las provisiones para la industria hasta el combustible que usamos en nuestros hogares y vehículos, diversas sustancias útiles que, derramadas, representan un peligro potencial para la salud y el medio ambiente, son transportadas por carreteras, ferrocarriles, vías fluviales, pasando cerca o a través de nuestras comunidades. (TransAPELL, guía de planeación para emergencias durante el transporte de materiales peligrosos en una comunidad local, 2000). Por lo que se desea analizar los riesgos que se presentan durante el transporte de sustancias químicas peligrosas en vías importantes de la ciudad de Guayaquil, para así verificar que el actual protocolo de atención a emergencias con materiales peligrosos de la ciudad permite minimizar los efectos negativos ante un accidente vehicular con derrames/ fugas de estos elementos y también aportar medidas de prevención efectivas que mitiguen la probabilidad de presentarse un incidente en los tramos de vías estudiados.Load, displacement and discharge of hazardous materials occurs at every moment of every day around the world. From provisions for industry, to the fuel we use in our homes and vehicles, various useful substances , which spilled represent a potential danger to health and the environment are transported by roads, railways, waterways , passing close or through our communities. So you want to analyze the risks that occur during the transport of hazardous chemicals on major roads in the city of Guayaquil. In order to verify if the current emergency response protocol with the city Hazardous Materials and helps minimizing the negative effects before a vehicular accident spills / leaks of these elements and also provide effective preventive measures to mitigate the likelihood of an incident occur on stretches of roads studied

Oxigenoterapia hiperbárica y su relación con la efectividad en el tratamiento y control del pie diabético

Antecedentes: la diabetes mellitus, es una de las enfermedades crónicas degenerativas con más importancia. Entre las complicaciones se encuentran angiopatias y neuropatías que juntas, conllevan a la formación del pie diabético (PD). Objetivo: establecer si la Oxigenoterapia hiberbárica (OHB) favorece la cicatrización del PD para evitar la amputación. Metodología: estudio prospectivo, comparativo, en pacientes de los Hospitales de la Policía Nacional y Naval de Guayaquil, con diagnóstico de PD, durante 10 meses, evaluando a cada paciente durante un mes. Los pacientes fueron repartidos en dos grupos (A y B) en relación a la terapia en discusión repartiendo 15 pacientes en cada grupo. A los dos grupos de pacientes, se les realizó curaciones diarias con solución salina, rifampicina, colagenasa, gasa parafinada y vendaje de gasa. Resultados: Entre las características de los pacientes se pudoobservar que la edad promedio del grupo A (oxigenoterapia hiperbárica) fue de 63.6±13.2 años, mientras que los del grupo B (sin OHB) fue de 61.93±14.2 años. Al evaluar los resultados, se registró una mejoría significativa del grupo A frente al grupo B (86.7%vs 26.7%), esta diferencia fue estadísticamente significativa (p<0.01). Conclusión: la OHB es una medida terapéutica muy efectiva y segura, que reduce la amputación en pacientes con pie diabético PD, obteniendo así, una mejor evolución

Three-Dimensional Bioprinted Controlled Release Scaffold Containing Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Lyosecretome for Bone Regeneration: Sterile Manufacturing and In Vitro Biological Efficacy

Recently, 3D-printed scaffolds for the controlled release of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) freeze-dried secretome (Lyosecretome) have been proposed to enhance scaffold osteoinduction and osteoconduction; coprinting of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) with alginate hydrogels allows adequate mechanical strength to be combined with the modulable kinetics of the active principle release. This study represents the feasibility study for the sterile production of coprinted scaffolds and the proof of concept for their in vitro biological efficacy. Sterile scaffolds were obtained, and Lyosecretome enhanced their colonization by MSCs, sustaining differentiation towards the bone line in an osteogenic medium. Indeed, after 14 days, the amount of mineralized matrix detected by alizarin red was significantly higher for the Lyosecretome scaffolds. The amount of osteocalcin, a specific bone matrix protein, was significantly higher at all the times considered (14 and 28 days) for the Lyosecretome scaffolds. Confocal microscopy further confirmed such results, demonstrating improved osteogenesis with the Lyosecretome scaffolds after 14 and 28 days. Overall, these results prove the role of MSC secretome, coprinted in PCL/alginate scaffolds, in inducing bone regeneration; sterile scaffolds containing MSC secretome are now available for in vivo pre-clinical tests of bone regeneration

Mesenchymal stem cell secretome and extracellular vesicles for neurodegenerative diseases: Risk-benefit profile and next steps for the market access

Neurodegenerative diseases represent a growing burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown promise as a potential therapy due to their neuroregenerative, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory properties, which are, however, linked to the bioactive substances they release, collectively known as secretome. This paper provides an overview of the most recent research on the safety and efficacy of MSC-derived secretome and extracellular vesicles (EVs) in clinical (if available) and preclinical models of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, Huntington's disease, acute ischemic stroke, and spinal cord injury. The article explores the biologically active substances within MSCsecretome/EVs, the mechanisms responsible for the observed therapeutic effects, and the strategies that may be used to optimize MSC-secretome/EVs production based on specific therapeutic needs. The review concludes with a critical discussion of current clinical trials and a perspective on potential future directions in translating MSCsecretome and EVs into the clinic, specifically regarding how to address the challenges associated with their pharmaceutical manufacturing, including scalability, batch-to-batch consistency, adherence to Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) guidelines, formulation, and storage, along with quality controls, access to the market and relative costs, value for money and impact on total expenditure

Time-resolved CARS measurements of vibrational decoherence of I₂ isolated in matrix Ar

Time-resolved coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering is applied to prepare and interrogate vibrational coherences on the ground electronic surface of molecular iodine isolated in Ar matrices. The coherence decay time shows a linear dependence on vibrational quantum numbers, for v = 3–15. The temperature dependence of decoherence rates is negligible for v < 7, in the experimental range T = 18–32 K. For a v = 13, 14 superposition, the temperature dependence indicates dephasing by a 66 cm–¹ pseudo-local phonon, just outside the Debye edge of the solid. The accuracy of the data is limited due to two-photon induced dissociation of the molecule, which process is characterized using polarized fields. The T → 0 limit of dephasing is discussed