4,114 research outputs found
Asymmetric field dependence of magnetoresistance in magnetic films
We study an asymmetric in field magnetoresistance that is frequently observed
in magnetic films and, in particular, the odd longitudinal voltage peaks that
appear during magnetization reversal in ferromagnetic films, with out-of-plane
magnetic anisotropy. We argue that the anomalous signals result from small
variation of magnetization and Hall resistivity along the sample. Experimental
data can be well described by a simple circuit model, the latter being
supported by analytic and numerical calculations of current and electric field
distribution in films with a gradual variation of the magnetization and Hall
resistance.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev.
Tau functions for the Dirac operator on the cylinder
The goal of the present paper is to calculate the determinant of the Dirac
operator with a mass in the cylindrical geometry. The domain of this operator
consists of functions that realize a unitary one-dimensional representation of
the fundamental group of the cylinder with marked points. The determinant
represents a version of the isomonodromic -function, itroduced by M.
Sato, T. Miwa and M. Jimbo. It is calculated by comparison of two sections of
the -bundle over an infinite-dimensional grassmannian. The
latter is composed of the spaces of boundary values of some local solutions to
Dirac equation. The principal ingredients of the computation are the formulae
for the Green function of the singular Dirac operator and for the so-called
canonical basis of global solutions on the 1-punctured cylinder. We also derive
a set of deformation equations satisfied by the expansion coefficients of the
canonical basis in the general case and find a more explicit expression for the
-function in the simplest case .Comment: 32 pages, 5 figure
Status Inconsistency and Ethnoreligious Group Membership as Determinants of Social Participation and Political Attitudes
http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/50837/1/55.pd
A systematic review of ICD complications in randomised controlled trials versus registries: is our 'real-world' data an underestimation?
Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation carries a significant risk of complications, however published estimates appear inconsistent. We aimed to present a contemporary systematic review using meta-analysis methods of ICD complications in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and compare it to recent data from the largest international ICD registry, the US National Cardiovascular Data Registry (NCDR). PubMed was searched for any RCTs involving ICD implantation published 1999-2013; 18 were identified for analysis including 6433 patients, mean follow-up 3â
months-5.6â
years. Exclusion criteria were studies of children, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, congenital heart disease, resynchronisation therapy and generator changes. Total pooled complication rate from the RCTs (excluding inappropriate shocks) was 9.1%, including displacement 3.1%, pneumothorax 1.1% and haematoma 1.2%. Infection rate was 1.5%.There were no predictors of complications but longer follow-up showed a trend to higher complication rates (p=0.07). In contrast, data from the NCDR ICD, reporting on 356â
515 implants (2006-2010) showed a statistically significant threefold lower total major complication rate of 3.08% with lead displacement 1.02%, haematoma 0.86% and pneumothorax 0.44%. The overall ICD complication rate in our meta-analysis is 9.1% over 16â
months. The ICD complication reported in the NCDR ICD registry is significantly lower despite a similar population. This may reflect under-reporting of complications in registries. Reporting of ICD complications in RCTs and registries is very variable and there is a need to standardise classification of complications internationally
Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Body Mass Index: Comparative Analysis of Monozygotic Twins, Dizygotic Twins and Same-Age Unrelated Siblings
BackgroundâEarlier studies have established that a substantial percentage of variance in obesity-related phenotypes is explained by genetic components. However, only one study has used both virtual twins (VTs) and biological twins and was able to simultaneously estimate additive genetic, non-additive genetic, shared environmental and unshared environmental components in body mass index (BMI). Our current goal was to re-estimate four components of variance in BMI, applying a more rigorous model to biological and virtual multiples with additional data. Virtual multiples share the same family environment, offering unique opportunities to estimate common environmental influence on phenotypes that cannot be separated from the non-additive genetic component using only biological multiples.
MethodsâData included 929 individuals from 164 monozygotic twin pairs, 156 dizygotic twin pairs, five triplet sets, one quadruplet set, 128 VT pairs, two virtual triplet sets and two virtual quadruplet sets. Virtual multiples consist of one biological child (or twins or triplets) plus one same-aged adoptee who are all raised together since infancy. We estimated the additive genetic, non-additive genetic, shared environmental and unshared random components in BMI using a linear mixed model. The analysis was adjusted for age, age2, age3, height, height2, height3, gender and race.
ResultsâBoth non-additive genetic and common environmental contributions were significant in our model (P-values \u3c 0.0001). No significant additive genetic contribution was found. In all, 63.6% (95% confidence interval (CI) 51.8â75.3%) of the total variance of BMI was explained by a non-additive genetic component, 25.7% (95% CI 13.8â37.5%) by a common environmental component and the remaining 10.7% by an unshared component.
ConclusionâOur results suggest that genetic components play an essential role in BMI and that common environmental factors such as diet or exercise also affect BMI. This conclusion is consistent with our earlier study using a smaller sample and shows the utility of virtual multiples for separating non-additive genetic variance from common environmental variance
Equivalences between GIT quotients of Landau-Ginzburg B-models
We define the category of B-branes in a (not necessarily affine)
Landau-Ginzburg B-model, incorporating the notion of R-charge. Our definition
is a direct generalization of the category of perfect complexes. We then
consider pairs of Landau-Ginzburg B-models that arise as different GIT
quotients of a vector space by a one-dimensional torus, and show that for each
such pair the two categories of B-branes are quasi-equivalent. In fact we
produce a whole set of quasi-equivalences indexed by the integers, and show
that the resulting auto-equivalences are all spherical twists.Comment: v3: Added two references. Final version, to appear in Comm. Math.
Phy
Endogenous games and mechanisms: Side payments among players
We characterize the outcomes of games when players may make binding offers of strategy contingent side payments before the game is played. This does not always lead to efficient outcomes, despite complete information and costless contracting. The characterizations are illustrated in a series of examples, including voluntary contribution public good games, Cournot and Bertrand oligopoly, principalâagent problems, and commons games, among others
Is it time to loosen the restrictions on athletes with cardiac disorders competing in sport?
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) in young
athletes is a rare and dramatic event. Initial
consensus guidelines from 2005 recommend
restriction from competitive sports
for all athletes with hereditary cardiomyopathies
and channelopathies, with very
minor exceptions
IgM anti-phenolic glycolipid I and IgG anti-10-kDa heat shock protein antibodies in sera and immune complexes isolated from leprosy patients with or without erythema nodosum leprosum and contacts
The aim of the present work was to evaluate the levels of anti-PGL-I and anti-10-kDa heat shock protein antibodies in serum and immune complexes isolated from leprosy patients, convivients and controls. Leprosy patients with erythema nodosum leprosum or without it were included and a comparative study was done to investigate intergroup differences. Immune complexes were precipitated from serum by polyethylene glycol 3.5%; antibody levels were measured in sera and in dissociated immune complexes by ELISA. Serum antibody levels were then correlated with immune complex-associated antibody levels. The results showed that the erythema nodosum leprosum group differed from controls, contacts and non-erythema patients in their immune complex levels. IgM anti-PGL-I and IgG anti-10-kDa heat shock protein antibodies were constituents of the immune complexes in patients with erythema nodosum leprosum, who exhibited a significant difference in their immune complex composition compared with controls, contacts and non-erythema patients; while free antibody levels (anti-PGL-I and anti-10-kDa) did not differentiate between erythema and non-erythema patients, the measurement of immune complex-associated antibodies demonstrated a significant difference between the two clinical conditions. Furthermore, the measurement of immune complex-associated anti-PGL-I IgM made it possible to differentiate between contacts and controls. The significance of these results is discussed.Centro de Investigaciones InmunolĂłgicas BĂĄsicas y Aplicada
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