Üniversite öğrencilerinin madde Kullanma eğilimi düzeylerine göre duygularını ifade etmeleri

In this study, which aims to examine the ways in which university students with different substance use tendencies express their feelings in terms of various variables, the negative affect score average of the participants with high substance use tendency is significantly higher than the negative affect point average of the participants with low substance use tendency. While the positive emotion scores of university students did not differ based on their possible previous psychiatric illness, a significant difference was found between negative emotion scores. According to the perceived parental attitudes, there was no significant difference between the positive emotion score averages of the university students; however, a significant difference was found between the mean scores of negative emotions. A significant difference was found between positive and negative emotion scores about the students' self-identification. While there was a significant difference between the positive emotion scores according to the perceived academic achievement level of the students, there was no significant difference between negative emotion scores. As to their smoking habits, there was no difference between the positive emotions of the participants; however, the joint effect of the level of substance use tendency and smoking on negative emotion scores is significant.Madde kullanma eğilimleri farklı üniversite öğrencilerinin duygularını ifade etme tarzlarını çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelemeyi amaçlayan bu çalışmada yüksek madde kullanım eğilimine sahip katılımcıların negatif duygu puan ortalaması, düşük madde kullanım eğilimine sahip katılımcıların negatif duygu puan ortalamasından anlamlı düzeyde yüksektir. Daha önce psikiyatrik hastalık geçirip-geçirmemeye göre katılımcıların pozitif duygu puanları farklılaşmazken; negatif duygu puanları arasında anlamlı farklılık bulunmuştur. Algılanan ebeveyn tutumuna göre katılımcıların pozitif duygu puan ortalamaları arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmamış; negatif duygu puan ortalamaları arasında ise anlamlı farklılık bulunmuştur. Katılımcıların kendi kişiliklerini tanımlamaları açısından pozitif ve negatif duygu puanları arasında anlamlı farklılık saptanmıştır. Öğrencilerin algılanan akademik başarı düzeyine göre pozitif duygu puanlarında anlamlı farklılık bulunurken; negatif duygu puanlarında anlamlı farklılık bulunmamıştır. Sigara kullanıp-kullanmama durumuna göre katılımcıların pozitif duyguları arasında farklılık bulunamazken; madde kullanma eğilimi düzeyi ile sigara kullanımı değişkenlerinin negatif duygu puanları üzerindeki ortak etkisinin anlamlı olduğu saptanmıştır

Effects of catalyst precursor type and preparation conditions, and solvent type on activity and selectivity of Pt/SiO2 catalyst in citral hydrogenation

In this study, citral hydrogenation reaction in liquid phase over silica gel supported Pt catalysts was investigated. It was desired to hydrogenate carbonyl group selectively to produce valuable unsaturated alcohols, namely geraniol and nerol. Pt/SiO2 catalysts were prepared by impregnation method. The effects of parameters investigated in the present study included Pt precursor type (hexachloroplatinic acid (HCLPA), platinum II acetylacetonate (PAA)), catalyst activation temperature (350°C and 450°C), catalyst activation without calcination, catalyst washing with 0.1 M NaOH and solvent type (ethanol, 2-pentanol). The catalysts activities and selectivities were affected by the type of precursor and activation temperature. The maximum citral conversion (89.50 percent) was achieved at lower activation temperature (350°C) with PAA precursor based catalyst. It was observed that higher activation temperature provided lower citral conversion but higher selectivity to unsaturated alcohols; increasing the activation temperature to 450°C decreased citral conversion to 26.10 percent. But selectivity to unsaturated alcohols, geraniol and nerol, increased from 7.06 to 54.60 percent. Catalyst washing and 2-pentanol prevented acetal formation. Catalyst activation without calcination gave lower citral conversion (20.84 percent) and selectivity to unsaturated alcohols (30.00 percent). Copyright © 2011 The Berkeley Electronic Press. All rights reserved.Izmir Institue of Technology (2010 IYTE04

How Production Based and Consumption Based Emissions Accounting Systems Change Climate Policy Analysis: The Case of CO2 Convergence

Much of the existing research analyses on emissions and climate policy are dominantly based on emissions data provided by production-based accounting (PBA) system. However, PBA provides an incomplete picture of driving forces behind these emission changes and impact of global trade on emissions, simply by neglecting the environmental impacts of consumption. To remedy this problem, it is proposed to calculate national emissions based on consumption-based accounting (CBA) system. In this article we question the relevance of PBA’s dominance. To this end, we, firstly, try to assess and compare PBA with CBA adopted in greenhouse gas emissions accounting systems in climate change debates on several issues and to discuss the policy implications of the choice of approach. Secondly, we investigate the convergence patterns in production-based and consumption-based carbon emissions in 35 Annex-B countries for the period between 1990 and 2015. This study, for the first time, puts all these arguments together and discusses possible outcomes of convergence analysis by employing both the production and consumption based CO2 per capita emissions data. The empirical results found some important conclusions which challenge most of the existing CO2 convergence studies

How Production Based and Consumption Based Emissions Accounting Systems Change Climate Policy Analysis: The Case of CO2 Convergence

Much of the existing research analyses on emissions and climate policy are dominantly based on emissions data provided by production-based accounting (PBA) system. However, PBA provides an incomplete picture of driving forces behind these emission changes and impact of global trade on emissions, simply by neglecting the environmental impacts of consumption. To remedy this problem, it is proposed to calculate national emissions based on consumption-based accounting (CBA) system. In this article we question the relevance of PBA’s dominance. To this end, we, firstly, try to assess and compare PBA with CBA adopted in greenhouse gas emissions accounting systems in climate change debates on several issues and to discuss the policy implications of the choice of approach. Secondly, we investigate the convergence patterns in production-based and consumption-based carbon emissions in 35 Annex-B countries for the period between 1990 and 2015. This study, for the first time, puts all these arguments together and discusses possible outcomes of convergence analysis by employing both the production and consumption based CO2 per capita emissions data. The empirical results found some important conclusions which challenge most of the existing CO2 convergence studies

Resveratrol against lung injury in an ischemia/reperfusion model of abdominal aortic rupture

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the effects on the lungs of ischemia/reperfusion injury in a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm model in rats and to investigate the potential protective effects of resveratrol. Methods: Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, ischemia/reperfusion, sham (ischemia/ reperfusion + solvent/dimethyl sulfoxide), and ischemia/reperfusion + resveratrol. In the groups subjected to ischemia/reperfusion, following 60-min shock to the abdominal aorta, vascular clamps were attached from the levels of the infrarenal and iliac bifurcation. A total of 60-min ischemia was applied, followed by 120-min reperfusion. In the ischemia/ reperfusion + resveratrol group, intraperitoneal 10 mg/kg resveratrol was administered 15 min before ischemia and immediately after reperfusion. Malondialdehyde, glutathione, and catalase levels were analyzed and histopathological examination of the lung tissues was performed. Results: Malondialdehyde levels increased in the ischemia/reperfusion and ischemia/reperfusion + dimethyl sulfoxide groups, compared to the control group, while catalase levels decreased, and no significant difference was observed in the glutathione levels. Malondialdehyde levels decreased with the administration of resveratrol, while glutathione levels increased, and catalase levels remained unchanged. The increased inflammation in interstitial spaces, thickening in the alveolar septal walls, increased numbers of cleaved caspase-3 apoptotic pneumocytes, and increased histopathological lung damage scores observed in the ischemia/reperfusion and ischemia/reperfusion + dimethyl sulfoxide groups improved with the application of resveratrol. Conclusion: These findings suggest that resveratrol may exhibit a protective effect in preventing acute lung injury developing due to ischemia/reperfusion in ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery by reducing oxidative damage

The effects of dexmedetomidine against ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm injury to myocardial tissue induced by abdominal aorta clamping

Objectives: This study aims to examine the potential protective effect of the selective alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist dexmedetomidine (DEX) against aortic occlusion-induced myocardial injury. Patients and methods: A total of 30 rats were randomly assigned into three groups of 10 animals each as control, ischemia+reperfusion (I/Rep), and I/Rep+DEX. In the I/Rep and I/Rep+DEX groups, after the completion of the shock stage, 60-min lower torso ischemia was induced with the application of cross-clamps to the abdominal aorta, followed by 120-min reperfusion. The I/Rep+DEX group received intraperitoneal 100 µg/kg DEX 30 min before the ischemia period. Results: Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in myocardial tissue increased with the application of I/Rep, while glutathione (GSH) levels decreased. We also observed swollen, degenerative, apoptotic cardiac myofibrils exhibiting caspase-3 positivity, widespread edematous areas, vascular congestion, and an increase in the heart damage scores. The MDA levels decreased with DEX administration, while the GSH levels increased. Degenerative, apoptotic cardiac myofibrils exhibiting loss of cytoplasm content, and vascular congestion also decreased. Conclusion: Our study results suggest that DEX may have a future role in the treatment of myocardial damage occurring due to reperfusion, following ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery

Lumbar opening pressure and radiologic scoring in idiopathic intracranial hypertension : is there any correlation?

Background: To investigate correlation between lumbar opening pressure (LOP) and radiological scores based on cranial MRI and contrast-enhanced MR venography in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Material/Methods: Patients with IIH who underwent brain MRI and contrast-enhanced MR venography before measurement of LOP between 2010-2014 were evaluated retrospectively. Three experienced radiologists (blinded to LOP values) evaluated a total of 51 patients. They reached a consensus on the presence or absence of 6 radiological findings identified in the literature as characteristic for IIH: empty sella, perioptic dilation, optical tortuosity, flattening of the posterior globe, swelling of the optic disc, and bilateral transverse sinus stenosis. The radiological score was obtained by giving 1 point for the presence of each finding, with the highest possible score of 6 points. The correlation between the calculated radiological scores and LOP was evaluated. Results: There was no significant correlation between LOP and radiological scores (r=0.095; p=0.525, Spearman's rank coefficient). Similarly, no significant correlation was detected between LOP and each of the radiological findings (partial empty sella [p=0.137], perioptic dilation [p=0.265], optical tortuosity [p=0.948], flattening of the posterior globe [p=0.491], swelling of the optic disc [p=0.881], and bilateral dural sinus stenosis [p=0.837], Mann-Whitney U test). Conclusions: There was no significant correlation between LOP and reliable radiological features of IIH

Hammering Nail to the Head for Suicide; A Case Report and Literature Review

Suicide is the process that an individual ends his/her own life, and usually methods providing a quick death are chosen. The most common methods are jumping from heights and firearm shots. However, in some suicide attempts, some unusual methods are used. These can be seen in patients with psychiatric disorders such as severe depression and schizophrenia. The idea of suicide by hammering nail into the head is uncommon because it is a method that cannot lead to a quick death and cause suffering. Beside these, it does not lead to death with a single action. We present a case of a young male patient who attempted suicide with hammering nail into the head and review the literature on this subject

Protective effects of hyperbaric oxygen and iloprost on ischemia/reperfusion-induced lung injury in a rabbit model

Durakoglugil, Emre/0000-0001-5268-4262; Dokumcu, Z/0000-0002-4996-7824; YILMAZ, Yeliz/0000-0003-1811-122X; Bozok, Sahin/0000-0002-1256-5055WOS: 000307333500001PubMed: 22676276Background: the role of multiorgan damage in the mortality caused by ischemic limb injury is still not clarified. the objective of this study was to examine the potential protective effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) and iloprost (IL) therapy on lung damage induced by limb ischemia/reperfusion injury in a rabbit model, using both biochemical and histopathological aspects. Methods: Forty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly allocated into one of five study groups: HBO group (single session of HBO treatment); IL group (25 ng/kg/min infusion of IL); HBO + IL group (both HBO and IL); Control group (0.9% saline only); and a sham group. Acute hind limb ischemia-reperfusion was established by clamping the abdominal aorta for 1 h. HBO treatment and IL infusion were administrated during 60 min of ischemia and 60 min of reperfusion period. Blood pH, partial pressure of oxygen, partial pressure of carbon dioxide and levels of bicarbonate, sodium, potassium, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and tumor necrosis factor alpha were determined at the end of the reperfusion period. Malondialdehyde was measured in the plasma and lung as an indicator of free radicals. After sacrifice, left lungs were removed and histopathological examination determined the degree of lung injury. Results: in the control group, blood partial pressure of oxygen and bicarbonate levels were significantly lower and creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, malondialdehyde and tumor necrosis factor-a levels were significantly higher than those of the HBO group, IL group, HBO + IL group and sham group. Similarly, the malondialdehyde levels in the lung tissue and plasma levels were significantly lower in the treatment groups compared with the control group. the extent of lung injury according to the histological findings was significantly higher in the control group. Conclusions: These results suggest that both HBO and IL therapies and their combination might be effectively used in the prevention of lung injury after ischemia/reperfusion injury of the lower extremities

Tümör mikroçevresinde CD8’in yüksek ekspresyonu, yüksek dereceli seröz over kanserinde PD-1 ekspresyonu ve hasta sağkalımı ile ilişkilidir

Objective: The current study assesss programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor expression and CD3, CD4, and CD8 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) and to associate our results with neoadjuvant chemotherapy history and disease prognosis. Materials and Methods: We included cases diagnosed with primary HGSOC with biopsy or surgical resection materials in this study. The immunoreactivity of CD3, CD4, CD8, and PD1 was assessed immunohistochemically in tumor tissue. We analyzed TILs in two predetermined groups of high and low TIL. The relationships between clinical characteristics, PD-1, and TIL were assessed. by the χ(2) test or Fisher’s Exact test. We used Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression model to the connection between survival and the amounts of TIL, and PD1. Results: Univariate analysis demonstrated that optimal debulking (p<0.001), early International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage (p=0.046), and higher scores of stromal CD8+ TIL expression (p=0.028) in tumor cells were all substantially correlated with longer disease-free survival (DFS), whereas the remaining variables analyzed, including PD-1 positivity, stromal CD3+, and CD4+ TILs, and intraepithelial CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ TILs, were not correlated with DFS. Also, univariate analysis revealed that optimal debulking (p=0.010), and higher scores of stromal CD8+ TIL expression (p=0.021) in tumor cells were all substantially correlated with longer overall survival (OS). Conclusion: Higher scores of stromal CD8+ TILs are substantially correlated with DFS and OS in univariate analyses, whereas scores of stromal CD3+ and CD4+ TILs, and intraepithelial CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ TILs are not correlated with DFS and OS in both univariate and multivariate analyses. Also, we found a significant association between PD-1 positivity and the scores of stromal CD3+ TILs and intraepithelial CD8+ TILs. However, no remarkable relationship was revealed between PD-1 positivity and the survival of HGSOC cases.Amaç: Çalışmamızın amacı, yüksek dereceli seröz over kanserinde (HGSOC) programlanmış ölüm-1 (PD-1) reseptör ekspresyonunu ve CD3, CD4 ve CD8 tümör infiltre edici lenfositleri (TIL) değerlendirmek ve bulgularımızın neoadjuvan kemoterapi öyküsü ve hastalık prognozu ile ilişkisini incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Biyopsi veya cerrahi rezeksiyon materyalleri ile primer HGSOC tanısı alan olgular çalışmaya dahil edildi. CD3, CD4, CD8 ve PD1’in immünoreaktivitesi, tümör dokusunda immünohistokimyasal olarak değerlendirildi. TIL, önceden tanımlanmış iki grup olan düşük ve yüksek TIL grubunda analiz edildi. Klinik özellikler, PD-1 ve TIL arasındaki ilişkiler χ(2) testi veya Fisher’s Exact test ile değerlendirildi. TIL, PD1 ve hayatta kalma arasındaki ilişki için Kaplan-Meier hayatta kalma analizi ve Cox oransal hazard regresyon modeli kullanıldı. Bulgular: Tek değişkenli analiz, tümör hücrelerinde optimal debulking (p<0,001), erken Uluslararası Jinekoloji ve Obstetrik Federasyonu evresi (p=0,046) ve daha yüksek stromal CD8+ TIL ekspresyonu skorlarının (p=0,028) tümünün daha uzun hastalıksız sağkalım (DFS) ile önemli ölçüde ilişkili olduğunu gösterdi; oysa ki kalan değişkenler, PD-1 pozitifliği, stromal CD3+ ve CD4+ TIL’ler ve intraepitelyal CD3+, CD4+ ve CD8+ TIL’ler dahil olmak üzere, analiz edildiğinde DFS ile korele değildi. Ayrıca, tek değişkenli analiz, tümör hücrelerinde optimal debulking (p=0,010) ve daha yüksek stromal CD8+ TIL ekspresyonu skorlarının (p=0,021) tümünün daha uzun genel sağkalım (OS) ile önemli ölçüde ilişkili olduğunu ortaya koydu. Sonuç: Daha yüksek stromal CD8+ TIL skorları, tek değişkenli analizde DFS ve OS ile anlamlı şekilde ilişkiliyken, stromal CD3+ ve CD4+ TIL’lerin ve intraepitelyal CD3+, CD4+ ve CD8+ TIL’lerin skorları, hem tek değişkenli hem de çok değişkenli analizlerde DFS ve OS ile ilişkili değildi. Ayrıca, PD-1 pozitifliği ile stromal CD3+ TIL’lerin ve intraepitelyal CD8+ TIL’lerin skorları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulundu. Ancak, PD-1 pozitifliği ile HGSOC hastalarının sağkalımı arasında anlamlı bir ilişki gözlenmedi