Doxorubicin Induced Nephrotoxicity: Protective Effect of Nicotinamide

Introduction. Nephrotoxicity is one of the important side effects of anthracycline antibiotics. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of nicotinamide (NAD), an antioxidant agent, against nephrotoxicity induced by doxorubicin (DXR). Methods. The rats were divided into control, NAD alone, doxorubicin (20 mg/kg, i.p.) and DXR plus NAD (200 mg/kg, i.p.) groups. At the end of the 10th day, kidney tissues were removed for light microscopy and analysis. The level of tissues' catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) activities were determined. Results. The activities of CAT, GPx, and GSH were decreased, and Po was increased in renal tissue of doxorubicin group compared with other groups. The tissue of the doxorubicin group showed some histopathological changes such as glomerular vacuolization and degeneration, adhesion to Bowman's capsule and thickening and untidiness of tubular and glomerular capillary basement membranes. Histopathological examination showed that NAD prevented partly DXR-induced tubular and glomerular damage. Conclusions. Pretreatment with NAD protected renal tissues against DXR-induced nephrotoxicity. Preventive effects of NAD on these renal lesions may be via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action

Epidemiology of pemphigus in Turkey: One-year prospective study of 220 cases

Pemphigus is a group of rare and life-threatening autoimmune blistering diseases of the skin and mucous membranes. Although they occur worldwide, their incidence shows wide geographical variation, and prospective data on the epidemiology of pemphigus are very limited. Objective of this work is to evaluate the incidence and epidemiological and clinical features of patients with pemphigus in Turkey. All patients newly diagnosed with pemphigus between June 2013 and June 2014 were prospectively enrolled in 33 dermatology departments in 20 different provinces from all seven regions of Turkey. Disease parameters including demography and clinical findings were recorded. A total of 220 patients were diagnosed with pemphigus during the 1-year period, with an annual incidence of 4.7 per million people in Turkey. Patients were predominantly women, with a male to female ratio of 1:1.41. The mean age at onset was 48.9 years. Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) was the commonest clinical subtype (n=192; 87.3%), followed by pemphigus foliaceus (n=21; 9.6%). The most common clinical subtype of PV was the mucocutaneous type (n=83; 43.2%). The mean Pemphigus Disease Area Index was 28.14±22.21 (mean ± Standard Deviation).  The incidence rate of pemphigus in Turkey is similar to the countries of South-East Europe, higher than those reported for the Central and Northern European countries and lower than the countries around the Mediterranean Sea and Iran. Pemphigus is more frequent in middle-aged people and is more common in women. The most frequent subtype was PV, with a 9-fold higher incidence than pemphigus foliaceus.   </p

Effect of low-energy shockwave therapy on angiogenic factors in the penile tissue of diabetic rats

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of low-energy shock wave therapy (LESWT) on angiogenesis factors at penile tissue in a diabetic rat model

Association Between Genetic Variants of DNA Repair Genes and Coronary Artery Disease

Polymorphisms in DNA repair genes may be associated with differences in the repair efficiency of DNA damage and may influence an individual's risk of atherosclerosis. Genetic research on coronary artery disease (CAD) has traditionally focused on investigation aimed at identifying disease-susceptibility genes. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between AP-endonuclease-1 (Asp148Glu), XRCC1 (Arg399Gln), XRCC3 (Thr241Met), XPD (Lys751Gln), XPG (Asp1104His), and hOGG1 (Ser326Cys), gene polymorphisms and the risk of developing CAD in a Turkish population. The study population consisted of 197 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with chronic CAD and 135 healthy subjects' age and sex matched. Gene polymorphisms were determined by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. We demonstrated for the first time, a positive association of XRCC3 and hOGG1 DNA repair gene variants with CAD risk. XRCC3 Thr/Thr genotype and Thr allele frequencies were significantly increased in ACS and chronic CAD patients compared with the control group (p < 0.05). It was also observed that there is a protective role of XRCC3 Met alleles against both ACS and chronic CAD (p < 0.05). hOGG1 Cys alleles were found significantly higher in ACS patients than in the control group and carriers of the Cys allele had a 1.7-fold increased risk for ACS. In addition, we confirmed the association of XRCC3 Thr241Met and hOGG1 Ser326Cys gene variants with CAD by haplotype analysis. We found that CAD risk is associated with XRCC3 Thr: hOGG1 Cys haplotype, whereas XRCC3 Met: hOGG1 Ser haplotype was found to be protective against the disease. The preliminary results suggested that XRCC3 and hOGG1 genetic variants may be risk factors by affecting the enzyme's function that may lead to development of CAD

Genetic variants of MnSOD and GPX1 and susceptibility to bladder cancer in a Turkish population

This study was conducted to investigate the association of genetic polymorphisms in the MnSOD and GPX1 genes with the risk and invasiveness of bladder cancer in a Turkish population. This prospectively designed study enrolled 157 patients with bladder cancer (mean age 63.2 +/- 10.86 years) and 224 healthy controls (mean age 61.7 +/- 8.39 years). Genotyping of the MnSOD Ala-9Val and GPX1 Pro198Leu polymorphisms was carried out by PCR-RFLP. No significant difference was found in MnSOD genotype distributions between the controls and the bladder cancer patients. However, the Leu/Leu genotype of GPX1 was associated with a significantly higher risk of bladder cancer than the Pro/Pro genotype. When stratified according to tumor stage, the Leu/Leu genotype of GPX1 was more frequently observed in bladder cancer patients with high-stage tumors than those with low-stage tumors. Additionally, patients carrying both Ala/Ala of MnSOD and Leu/Leu of GPX1 had the highest risk of developing bladder cancer. In conclusion, the present study indicates that the GPX1 Pro198Leu polymorphism may be associated with the risk and development of invasive bladder cancer. In addition, the combination of the MnSOD Ala/Ala and GPX1 Leu/Leu genotypes may have a synergistic effect on disease risk

Association of Polymorphisms in MCP-1, CCR2, and CCR5 Genes with the Risk and Clinicopathological Characteristics of Prostate Cancer

The aim of our study was to determine the effect of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), and CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) gene polymorphisms on the susceptibility and clinicopathological characteristics of prostate cancer. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method in 156 histopathologically confirmed prostate cancer patients and 152 healthy subjects. Individuals with AA genotype or at least one A allele of CCR2 V64I gene polymorphism had a higher risk for prostate cancer as compared with those with GG genotype (p = 0.010 and p = 0.028, respectively). CCR5 Delta 32/wt genotype and CCR5 Delta 32 allele were also found to be involved in the susceptibility to prostate cancer (p = 0.028 and p = 0.030, respectively). However, there was no significant association between MCP-1-2518 A/G gene polymorphism and prostate cancer risk. Prostate cancer patients carrying AA genotype or at least one A allele of CCR2 V64I had significantly increased risk for high stage disease (p = 0.002 and p = 0.039, respectively) and metastasis (p = 0.004 and p = 0.022, respectively). The CCR2 A allele (64I allele) was significantly associated with high T stage (p = 0.001) and metastasis (p = 0.005) as compared with CCR2 G allele (64V allele). Our data indicate that gene polymorphism of CCR2 V64I may influence the susceptibility and clinicopathological characteristics of prostate cancer and CCR5 Delta 32 allele may also be an important risk factor for prostate cancer in Turkish men population

Association Between Genetic Variants of DNA Repair Genes and Coronary Artery Disease

Polymorphisms in DNA repair genes may be associated with differences in the repair efficiency of DNA damage and may influence an individual's risk of atherosclerosis. Genetic research on coronary artery disease (CAD) has traditionally focused on investigation aimed at identifying disease-susceptibility genes. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between AP-endonuclease-1 (Asp148Glu), XRCC1 (Arg399Gln), XRCC3 (Thr241Met), XPD (Lys751Gln), XPG (Asp1104His), and hOGG1 (Ser326Cys), gene polymorphisms and the risk of developing CAD in a Turkish population. The study population consisted of 197 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with chronic CAD and 135 healthy subjects' age and sex matched. Gene polymorphisms were determined by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. We demonstrated for the first time, a positive association of XRCC3 and hOGG1 DNA repair gene variants with CAD risk. XRCC3 Thr/Thr genotype and Thr allele frequencies were significantly increased in ACS and chronic CAD patients compared with the control group (p < 0.05). It was also observed that there is a protective role of XRCC3 Met alleles against both ACS and chronic CAD (p < 0.05). hOGG1 Cys alleles were found significantly higher in ACS patients than in the control group and carriers of the Cys allele had a 1.7-fold increased risk for ACS. In addition, we confirmed the association of XRCC3 Thr241Met and hOGG1 Ser326Cys gene variants with CAD by haplotype analysis. We found that CAD risk is associated with XRCC3 Thr: hOGG1 Cys haplotype, whereas XRCC3 Met: hOGG1 Ser haplotype was found to be protective against the disease. The preliminary results suggested that XRCC3 and hOGG1 genetic variants may be risk factors by affecting the enzyme's function that may lead to development of CAD.Research Foundation of the University of IstanbulIstanbul University [UDP-17986/02082011]This work was supported by the Research Foundation of the University of Istanbul (Project No. UDP-17986/02082011)

Despite the lack of association between different genotypes and the presence of prostate cancer, endothelial nitric oxide Synthase a/b (eNOS4a/b) polymorphism may be associated with advanced clinical stage and bone metastasis

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between the distribution of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS4a/b) gene polymorphism and clinical features of prostate cancer (PCa)

The Relationship Between Cyclo-Oxygenase-2 -1195A/G Gene Polymorphism and Renal Cell Carcinoma

Objective: This study was aimed to evaluate the association of cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX-2) -1195A/G polymorphism with initiation and progression of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and interaction with smoking in RCC patients in a Turkish population