Fortification des farines tropicales par l’introduction de proteines vegetales et de champignons comestibles

La fortification des aliments de base des populations constitue un moyen efficace pour contribuer à la lutte contre l’insécurité alimentaire. Le présent travail a consisté à incorporer les champignons comestibles, Pleurotus florida et la pâte de niébé dans la farine de mil. Pour y parvenir, les champignons sont produits sur des substrats à base de son de riz et de paille d’arachide. La méthode d’incorporation utilisée pour assurer le mélange est la cuisson-extrusion du type mono vis. Les farines obtenues avec ou sans ajout des champignons sont caractérisées sur le plan nutritionnel. Les résultats obtenus ont montré que les teneurs en protéines des farines varient de 13,27 % à 18,48 %, celles en minéraux de 4,68 % à 8,98 %, le fer de 92,28 % à 101,89 %, le magnésium de 3,10 % à 3,32 %, le zinc et la matière grasse de 10,75 % à 11,90 %. Au vu des résultats obtenus, la meilleure farine serait la farine composée qui présente une teneur en protéines comprise entre 15 et 22,6 %, valeur recommandée par le Codex Alimentarius pour ce type de complément alimentaire destiné aux enfants. Dans ce mélange, après extrusion, tous les minéraux ont augmenté de 5,76 mg/100g pour le fer, 101,89 mg/100g pour le magnésium, et de 3,32 mg/100g pour le zinc. Parallèlement, le taux de matière grasse est de 11,90 %, inférieur à la valeur normale (15,5 %) fixée par le Codex Alimentarius.Mots clés : Champignons comestibles, farine fortifiés, farine de mil, niéb

Negatively Charged Excitons and Photoluminescence in Asymmetric Quantum Well

We study photoluminescence (PL) of charged excitons ($X^-$) in narrow asymmetric quantum wells in high magnetic fields B. The binding of all $X^-$ states strongly depends on the separation $\delta$ of electron and hole layers. The most sensitive is the ``bright'' singlet, whose binding energy decreases quickly with increasing $\delta$ even at relatively small B. As a result, the value of B at which the singlet--triplet crossing occurs in the $X^-$ spectrum also depends on $\delta$ and decreases from 35 T in a symmetric 10 nm GaAs well to 16 T for $\delta=0.5$ nm. Since the critical values of $\delta$ at which different $X^-$ states unbind are surprisingly small compared to the well width, the observation of strongly bound $X^-$ states in an experimental PL spectrum implies virtually no layer displacement in the sample. This casts doubt on the interpretation of PL spectra of heterojunctions in terms of $X^-$ recombination

Blood pressure and metabolic effects of acetyl-L-carnitine in type 2 diabetes: DIABASI randomized controlled trial

Context: Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC), a mitochondrial carrier involved in lipid oxidation and glucose metabolism, decreased systolic blood pressure (SBP), and ameliorated insulin sensitivity in hypertensive nondiabetic subjects at high cardiovascular risk. Objective: To assess the effects of ALC on SBP and glycemic and lipid control in patients with hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), and dyslipidemia on background statin therapy. Design: After 4-week run-in period and stratification according to previous statin therapy, patients were randomized to 6-month, double-blind treatment with ALC or placebo added-on simvastatin. Setting: Five diabetology units and one clinical research center in Italy. Patients: Two hundred twenty-nine patients with hypertension and dyslipidemic T2D > 40 years with stable background antihypertensive, hypoglycemic, and statin therapy and serum creatinine < 1.5 mg/ dL. Interventions: Oral ALC 1000 mg or placebo twice daily on top of stable simvastatin therapy. Outcome and Measures: Primary outcome was SBP. Secondary outcomes included lipid and glycemic profiles. Total-body glucose disposal rate and glomerular filtration rate were measured in subgroups by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and iohexol plasma clearance, respectively. Results: SBP did not significantly change after 6-month treatment with ALC compared with placebo (-2.09mmHg vs-3.57mmHg, P = 0.9539). Serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoprotein(a), as well as blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, fasting insulin levels, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index, glucose disposal rate, and glomerular filtration rate did not significantly differ between treatments. Adverse events were comparable between groups. Conclusions: Six-month oral ALC supplementation did not affect blood pressure, lipid and glycemic control, insulin sensitivity and kidney function in hypertensive normoalbuminuric and microalbuminuric T2D patients on background statin therapy

Search for the Chiral Magnetic Effect in Au+Au collisions at sNN=27\sqrt{s_{_{\rm{NN}}}}=27 GeV with the STAR forward Event Plane Detectors

A decisive experimental test of the Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME) is considered one of the major scientific goals at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) towards understanding the nontrivial topological fluctuations of the Quantum Chromodynamics vacuum. In heavy-ion collisions, the CME is expected to result in a charge separation phenomenon across the reaction plane, whose strength could be strongly energy dependent. The previous CME searches have been focused on top RHIC energy collisions. In this Letter, we present a low energy search for the CME in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{\rm{NN}}}}=27$ GeV. We measure elliptic flow scaled charge-dependent correlators relative to the event planes that are defined at both mid-rapidity $|\eta|<1.0$ and at forward rapidity $2.1 < |\eta|<5.1$. We compare the results based on the directed flow plane ($\Psi_1$) at forward rapidity and the elliptic flow plane ($\Psi_2$) at both central and forward rapidity. The CME scenario is expected to result in a larger correlation relative to $\Psi_1$ than to $\Psi_2$, while a flow driven background scenario would lead to a consistent result for both event planes[1,2]. In 10-50\% centrality, results using three different event planes are found to be consistent within experimental uncertainties, suggesting a flow driven background scenario dominating the measurement. We obtain an upper limit on the deviation from a flow driven background scenario at the 95\% confidence level. This work opens up a possible road map towards future CME search with the high statistics data from the RHIC Beam Energy Scan Phase-II.Comment: main: 8 pages, 5 figures; supplementary material: 2 pages, 1 figur

Thème recherche : le financement communautaire des soins à l'Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec

The table of contents for this item can be shared with the requester. The requester may then choose one chapter, up to 10% of the item, as per the Fair Dealing provision of the Canadian Copyright Ac

Use of MALDI-TOF MS for fungal species distribution of interdigital intertrigo in seafarers, Dakar, Senegal

International audienc

Asthme aigu grave de l’enfant : caractéristiques épidémiologiques, cliniques, thérapeutiques et évolutifs au Sénégal : Severe acute asthma of the child: epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and evolutive characteristics in Senegal

Context and objective. The lethality of asthma is related to the occurrence of severe acute asthma which is a crisis that does not yield under initial bronchodilator therapy. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary characteristics of children hospitalized for a severe acute asthma attack. Methods. We conducted a retrospective study of 11 years (from January 1st, 2005 and December 31st, 2015) at the Pediatric Emergency and Respiratory Department of the Albert Royer Children's Hospital (CHNEAR). 89 Children aged 0 to 15 years hospitalized for severe asthma or severe acute asthma were included. Results. The hospital prevalence of severe asthma attacks was 0.18%. The average age of the children was 44.21 months and the sex ratio was 1.69. The hospitalizations peaks have been registered during the months of July and December. 6.6% of patients were undergoing treatment and 17.9% had already been hospitalized for severe asthma attacks. The main biological abnormalities were: hypoxemia (79.7%), anemia (66.29%) and leukocytosis (44.9%). Radiological abnormalities were dominated by pulmonary over distension (60.7%) and bronchial syndrome (36%). All patients were under oxygen, salbutamol and corticosteroids. One death was encountered. The average hospital length of stay was 3.75 days. The complications were pneumo-mediastinum / cervico-mediastinal emphysema in 4 cases, pneumothorax in 2 cases and atelectasis in 1 case. Conclusion. Severe acute asthma is a relatively rare condition, but it is always associated with a significant morbidity. Contexte et objectif. La létalité de l’asthme est liée à la survenue d’asthme aigu grave qui est une crise qui ne cède pas sous traitement bronchodilatateur initial. L’objectif de cette étude était de décrire les caractéristiques épidémiologiques, diagnostiques, thérapeutiques et évolutives des enfants hospitalisés pour une crise d’asthme aigu grave.&nbsp;Méthodes. Nous avons conduit une étude documentaire portant sur une période de 11 ans (1 janvier 2005-31 décembre 2015) et réalisée aux services des urgences pédiatriques et de pneumologie du centre hospitalier national d’enfants Albert Royer (CHNEAR). Etaient inclus, 89 enfants de 0 à 15ans hospitalisés pour crise d’asthme sévère ou asthme aigu grave.&nbsp;Résultats. La prévalence hospitalière des crises d’asthmes sévère était de 0,18%. Leur âge moyen était de 44,2 mois et le sexe ratio 1,6. Les pics d’hospitalisations ont été enregistrés durant les mois de Juillet et Décembre. 6,6% des patients étaient sous traitement de fond et 17,9% avaient déjà été hospitalisés pour crises d’asthmes sévères. L’hypoxémie (79,7%), l’anémie (66,2%) et l’hyperleucocytose (44,9%) étaient les principales anomalies biologiques. Les signes radiologiques étaient dominés par l’hyperinflation pulmonaire (60,7%) et le syndrome bronchique (36%). Tous les patients étaient ont bénéficié de l’oxygène, le salbutamol et les corticoïdes. Sous cette attitude thérapeutique, un décès avait été déploré. La durée moyenne de l’hospitalisation était de 3,75 jours. Les complications enregistrées étaient le pneumo-médiastin/emphysème cervico-médiastinal dans 4 cas, le pneumothorax dans 2 cas, la rupture trachéale dans 1 cas et l’atélectasie dans 1 cas.&nbsp;Conclusion. L’asthme aigu grave semble peu fréquent mais reste toujours associée à une morbidité non négligeable