In Guantánamo Bay arbeiten: Über Mansoor Adayfis „Don’t Forget Us Here“

Von der Gefangenenperspektive ausgehend untersucht der Beitrag das Konzept der Arbeit im Gefangenenlager Guantánamo Bay, um so übersehene Aspekte der Folter, des Widerstandes und des Überlebens in der Extremsituation offenzulegen. Der zentrale Untersuchungsgegenstand ist der 2021 veröffentlichte Zeugenschaftsbericht Don’t Forget us Here. Lost and Found at Guantanamo von Mansoor Adayfi in Zusammenarbeit mit Antonio Aiello, der bislang nicht ins Deutsche übersetzt worden ist. Informiert durch Theorien der Zeugenschaft (Derrida, Weigel, Kalisky), die Arbeitssoziologie Lars Clausens und Theorien sogenannter immaterieller Arbeit sollen vor allem die Beobachtungen und Theoretisierungen des Überlebendenzeugnisses selbst zur Kenntnis genommen und entfaltet werden. Deutlich wird dabei die situierte und situative Funktion des Konzepts der Arbeit, das im Diskurs der Täter:innen Verantwortungsdelegation und Kompartmentalisierung bedeuten kann, im Diskurs der Anwält:innen ein Set formalisierter Handlungsanleitungen bereitstellen kann oder im Diskurs der Gefangenen die Routisierung des Erleidens und Widerstehens erklärt.&nbsp

Alterations of alveolar type II cells and intraalveolar surfactant after bronchoalveolar lavage and perfluorocarbon ventilation. An electron microscopical and stereological study in the rat lung

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Repeated bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) has been used in animals to induce surfactant depletion and to study therapeutical interventions of subsequent respiratory insufficiency. Intratracheal administration of surface active agents such as perfluorocarbons (PFC) can prevent the alveolar collapse in surfactant depleted lungs. However, it is not known how BAL or subsequent PFC administration affect the intracellular and intraalveolar surfactant pool.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Male wistar rats were surfactant depleted by BAL and treated for 1 hour by conventional mechanical ventilation (<it>Lavaged-Gas</it>, n = 5) or partial liquid ventilation with PF 5080 (<it>Lavaged-PF5080</it>, n = 5). For control, 10 healthy animals with gas (<it>Healthy-Gas</it>, n = 5) or PF5080 filled lungs (<it>Healthy-PF5080</it>, n = 5) were studied. A design-based stereological approach was used for quantification of lung parenchyma and the intracellular and intraalveolar surfactant pool at the light and electron microscopic level.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Compared to <it>Healthy</it>-lungs, <it>Lavaged</it>-animals had more type II cells with lamellar bodies in the process of secretion and freshly secreted lamellar body-like surfactant forms in the alveoli. The fraction of alveolar epithelial surface area covered with surfactant and total intraalveolar surfactant content were significantly smaller in <it>Lavaged</it>-animals. Compared with <it>Gas</it>-filled lungs, both <it>PF5080</it>-groups had a significantly higher total lung volume, but no other differences.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>After BAL-induced alveolar surfactant depletion the amount of intracellularly stored surfactant is about half as high as in healthy animals. In lavaged animals short time liquid ventilation with PF5080 did not alter intra- or extracellular surfactant content or subtype composition.</p

The potential of metabarcoding plant components of Malaise trap samples to enhance knowledge of plant-insect interactions

The worldwide rapid declines in insect and plant abundance and diversity that have occurred in the past decades have gained public attention and demand for political actions to counteract these declines are growing. Rapid large-scale biomonitoring can aid in observing these changes and provide information for decisions for land management and species protection. Malaise traps have long been used for insect sampling and when insects are captured in these traps, they carry traces of plants they have visited on the body surface or as digested food material in the gut contents. Metabarcoding offers a promising method for identifying these plant traces, providing insight into the plants with which insects are directly interacting at a given time. To test the efficacy of DNA metabarcoding with these sample types, 79 samples from 21 sites across Germany were analysed with the ITS2 barcode. This study, to our knowledge, is the first examination of metabarcoding plant DNA traces from Malaise trap samples. Here, we report on the feasibility of sequencing these sample types, analysis of the resulting taxa, the usage of cultivated plants by insects near nature conservancy areas and the detection of rare and neophyte species. Due to the frequency of contamination and false positive reads, isolation and PCR negative controls should be used in every reaction. Metabarcoding has advantages in efficiency and resolution over microscopic identification of pollen and is the only possible identification method for the other plant traces from Malaise traps and could provide a broad utility for future studies of plant-insect interactions

Improving insect conservation management through insect monitoring and stakeholder involvement

In recent years, the decline of insect biodiversity and the imminent loss of provided ecosystem functions and services has received public attention and raised the demand for political action. The complex, multi-causal contributors to insect decline require a broad interdisciplinary and cross-sectoral approach that addresses ecological and social aspects to find sustainable solutions. The project Diversity of Insects in Nature protected Areas (DINA) assesses insect communities in 21 nature reserves in Germany, and considers interactions with plant diversity, pesticide exposure, spatial and climatic factors. The nature reserves border on agricultural land, to investigate impacts on insect diversity. Part of the project is to obtain scientific data from Malaise traps and their surroundings, while another part involves relevant stakeholders to identify opportunities and obstacles to insect diversity conservation. Our results indicate a positive association between insect richness and biomass. Insect richness was negatively related to the number of stationary pesticides (soil and vegetation), pesticides measured in ethanol, the amount of area in agricultural production, and precipitation. Our qualitative survey along with stakeholder interviews show that there is general support for insect conservation, while at the same time the stakeholders expressed the need for more information and data on insect biodiversity, as well as flexible policy options. We conclude that conservation management for insects in protected areas should consider a wider landscape. Local targets of conservation management will have to integrate different stakeholder perspectives. Scientifically informed stakeholder dialogues can mediate conflicts of interests, knowledge, and values to develop mutual conservation scenarios

Visibility and torture: on the appropriation of surveillance footage in YOU DON’T LIKE THE TRUTH

Even though visibilization is legitimized as a technology of surveillance, where security is gained through knowledge, its decisive function is not epistemological, but as a mode of torture. How can visibility be violent? If this violence consists in making human beings excessively visible, and if critical filmic research usually involves enhancing visibility, how can it avoid reproducing violence? Are there modes of filmic counterhistoriography that do produce visibility differently, appropriating and reframing ambiguous source materials?Issue