Compatibility between entomopathogenic fungi and biorational insecticides in toxicity against Ronderosia bergi under laboratory conditions

Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of combinations between two biorational insecticides (luphenuron, methoxyfenozide), a new synthetic chemical pesticide (rynaxypyr), and three entomopathogenic fungi strains (Beauveria bassianaLPSc 1067, LPSc1082), and Metarhizium anisopliae (LPSc 907) in the biocontrol of the pest grasshopper Ronderosia bergi (Stål) under laboratory conditions. The insecticides were tested at three concentrations: the average concentration recommended for application in the field (100%) and 50% and finally 25% of that level. The fungal strains used were adjusted to 1×108, 1×106, and 1×104conidia ml-1. The combinations of those insecticides with B. bassiana (LPSc 1067, LPSc 1082) and M. anisopliae (LPSc 907) caused higher mortality to R. bergi nymphs than any of the individual agents used alone. The three insecticides tested did not affect the isolates of the two species of entomopathogenic fungi employed. In conclusion, the use of these biorational insecticides in an IPM program aimed at control of the grasshopper R. bergicould be of value

Virulence and enzymatic activity of three new isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) from the South American locust Schistocerca cancellata (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

Schistocerca cancellata is a large-sized acridid, which has historically represented the greatest agricultural problem in southern South America, causing serious economic losses. Since 2015 S. cancellata entered in a state of outbreak condition of historical proportions, producing frequent and large swarms of up to 25 km² in the north and central region of Argentina and areas of neigh boring Bolivia and Paraguay. At present, chemical insecticides are still the only means available for the control of S. cancellata. We analyzed under laboratory conditions the effectiveness of three fungal strains of Beauveria bassiana isolated from S. cancellata and also determined the relationship between chitinase, protease, and lipase levels at different temperatures of these fungi and their insecticidal activities. The pathogenicity assays were carried out by the sprayed method with concentrations of 1 × 10⁴, 1 × 10⁶ and 1 × 10⁸ conidia/ml. We observed that isolate LPSc 1227 caused the highest mortality at each dose studied, ranging from 100% at a dose of 1 × 10⁸ conidia/ml to 33.3 ± 3.2% at the lowest dose of 1 × 10⁴ conidia/ml. Moreover, in this isolate the highest values of chitinolytic and proteolytic activity were recorded (2.31 ± 0.31 and 1.78 ± 0.04), respectively

Timing is everything: how planting period shapes nutritional quality, mycobiota characteristics, and mycotoxin contamination in maize (Zea mays) grains

Maize (Zea mays L.) is crucial in global grain markets and food/feed production. Fungal con- tamination in ears can adversely affect crop yield and diminish the nutritional value of grains. Moreover, many of the main pathogens affecting maize are pro- ducers of mycotoxins, which pose a risk to food safety.The area under late-planted maize in Argentina has increased, as more stable yields despite lower poten- tial are expected in comparison to the early planting period. However, late-planted maize is prone to fun- gal infections and insect damage as well as mycotoxin.Fil: Pérez Pizá, María Cecilia. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias ; Universidad del Salvador; . Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Cátedra de Fitopatología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones En Biodiversidad y Biotecnología. Grupo de Investigación en Química Analítica y Modelado Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Vicente, S.. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Castellari, C. C.. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Mousegne, F.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Norte. Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino. Agencia de Extension Rural San Antonio de Areco.; ArgentinaFil: Jecke, F.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Norte. Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino. Agencia de Extension Rural San Antonio de Areco.; ArgentinaFil: Cornejo, Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas; ArgentinaFil: Ibañez, V. N.. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; FranciaFil: Sansinena, Marina Julia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Vago, Maria Elena. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires"; ArgentinaFil: Stenglein, Sebastian Alberto. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Pacín, A.. Universidad del Salvador; Argentin

Fusarium graminearum species complex: A bibliographic analysis and web-accessible database for global mapping of species and trichothecene toxin chemotype

Fusarium graminearum is ranked among the five most destructive fungal pathogens that affect agroecosystems. It causes floral diseases in small grain cereals including wheat, barley and oats, as well as summer crops such as maize and rice. We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed studies reporting species within the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) by creating two main data tables. The first contained data at the article level including bibliographic, geographic, methodological (ID methods), host of origin and species, while the second data table contained information at the strain level such as publication, isolate code(s), host/substrate, year of isolation, geographical coordinates, species and trichothecene genotype. Analyses of the bibliographic data obtained from 123 publications from 2000 to 2021 by 498 unique authors and published in 40 journals are summarized. We describe the frequency of species and chemotypes for 16,274 strains for which geographical information was available, either provided as raw data or extracted from the publications, and sampled across six continents and 32 countries. The database and interactive interface are publicly available allowing for searches, summarization and mapping of strains according to several criteria including article, country, host, species and trichothecene genotype. The database will be updated continuously and should be useful for guiding future surveys and exploring factors associated with species distribution such as climate and land use. Authors are encouraged to submit data at the strain level to the database, which is accessible at https://fgsc.netlify.app/