Numerical simulation of Bileaflet Mechanical Heart Valves using fluid-structure interaction

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Rooted in philosophy and law: Legal periodicals in the Belgian region before Belgium’s independence (1600-1830)

Looking for the origins of Belgian legal journals before 1830, Sebastiaan Vandenbogaerde offers a chronological exploration of potential influences. The origins may be tracked to seventeenth and eighteenth centuries learned journals, but the foreign occupation periods, French (1789-1815) and Dutch (1815-1830) proved to be crucial. The legacy of Enlightenment identifies with the Journal de Jurisprudence. After the French Revolution, the new judicial system imposes judges to motivate their rulings. This rule resulted in a rise of case law compendia, affordable and accessible to practitioners. The Napoleonic period sets up the training of jurists at the École spéciale de législation. At that time, practitioners dominated in editorial boards. A first collection of specific titles appears in the 1820s, as milestones of what is produced in universities and courts on the Belgian territory

'Une telle apathie est presque coupable' : how in Belgium’s Journal des tribunaux the interest for the Congo Free State sparked off (1885-1908)

When the Congo Free State (CFS) was established in 1885, King Leopold II ruled it as its personal territory. At first Belgian politicians and lawyers seemed not to care about the colonial ambitions of its sovereign. That changed during the 1890s, when the Leopoldian CFS was internationally accused of committing crimes against humanity. Belgium’s Parliament urged to find a solution in the annexation project during the first decade of the 20th century. How did Belgian lawyers perceive this issue ? Through means of legal periodicals, which reflect and shape opinions on certain topics, it is possible to reconstruct the annexation history of the CFS by Belgium in 1908. The Journal des tribunaux is the most relevant titles on this subject, as it is the primus inter pares of legal periodicals at that time and connected to all the relevant associations in the political, legal and colonial world.Lorsque l’État Indépendant du Congo (EIC) fut établi en 1885, le roi Léopold II le considéra comme son territoire personnel. Au début, les politiciens et les avocats belges ne semblaient pas se soucier des ambitions coloniales de son souverain. Leur attitude changea au cours des années 1890, lorsque Léopold II et l’ÉIC furent internationalement accusés de commettre des crimes contre l’humanité. Le Parlement belge chercha et trouva une solution dans le projet d’annexion durant la première décennie du XXe siècle. Comment les avocats belges perçurent cette question ? À travers les revues juridiques, qui reflètent et forment des opinions, il est possible de reconstruire l’histoire de l’annexion de l’État libre congolais par la Belgique. Le Journal des tribunaux est le titre le plus important de son époque, primus inter pares des revues juridiques, il est lié à toutes les associations des mondes politique, juridique et colonial

Belgium’s legal periodicals as vectors of translation policy : how Flemish legal journals contributed to the development of a Dutch legal language

Belgium’s national history has been characterized by linguistic issues. As soon as Belgium gained independence in 1830, French was promoted as the nation’s first and most important language, despite the fact that a large majority of its people spoke Flemish. Constitutionally, the choice of which language to use was free, but the legal world easily adopted French. Flemish was only able to loosen the yoke of French during the final quarter of the nineteenth century, after a few sensational court cases. Jurists played a primordial role in the use of Flemish as a full-fledged legal professional language and one of their instruments were legal periodicals. Editors and authors used their position to offer colleagues translations of legal terminology, and gave guidelines as to how Flemish could and should be used in the Flanders court rooms (in Wallonia, French was used exclusively). This article examines the works that promoted the idea of Flemish as a professional legal language and the methods that were seen as the best way to reach the goal of a unilingual legal world in Flander

Technology development in road construction : how government roles affect project performance

This dissertation contributes to both the academic and policy debates\ud on the roles of government in technology development in the public\ud sector. In the literature, there are many perspectives that deal with\ud government’s roles in technology development. These perspectives\ud include competition, property rights, market failure and science and\ud education. Depending on these perspectives and their emphasis on\ud demand pull or technology push, scholars have advocated a laissez-\ud faire approach or an active role in encouraging R&D investments and\ud the development and diffusion of new technology. Only few\ud perspectives address both supply and demand-side roles, these include\ud national system of innovation and large technical systems. In this study\ud we use large technical systems as a guiding concept. Large technical\ud systems are characterized by a capital-intensive infrastructure, a broad\ud range of technical components and the involvement of a variety of\ud actors and institutions. Examples are energy and road infrastructure

Generalizations of the Recursion Theorem

We consider two generalizations of the recursion theorem, namely Visser's ADN theorem and Arslanov's completeness criterion, and we prove a joint generalization of these theorems

Full nitrogen recovery and potable water production from human urine by membrane distillation

Human urine offers some interesting possibilities for ammonia and potable water recovery. Membrane distillation holds possible advantages over existing urine treatment technologies, specifically regarding ammonia recovery. It was shown that up to 95 m% of all ammonia present in hydrolyzed urine could be recovered by increasing the urine pH to 10.5 or higher within a period of 2 hours, with a maximal separation factor of up to 16. The possibility of potable water production was investigated in human urine by assessing the permeate water quality, maximum recovery and mid-term process stability. It was shown that at least 75% of the available water could be recovered from non-hydrolyzed human urine without process failure. As such, membrane distillation is a viable alternative for existing urine treatment