The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment: Exploring Fundamental Symmetries of the Universe

The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early Universe, the dynamics of the supernova bursts that produced the heavy elements necessary for life and whether protons eventually decay --- these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our Universe, its current state and its eventual fate. The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) represents an extensively developed plan for a world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions. LBNE is conceived around three central components: (1) a new, high-intensity neutrino source generated from a megawatt-class proton accelerator at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, (2) a near neutrino detector just downstream of the source, and (3) a massive liquid argon time-projection chamber deployed as a far detector deep underground at the Sanford Underground Research Facility. This facility, located at the site of the former Homestake Mine in Lead, South Dakota, is approximately 1,300 km from the neutrino source at Fermilab -- a distance (baseline) that delivers optimal sensitivity to neutrino charge-parity symmetry violation and mass ordering effects. This ambitious yet cost-effective design incorporates scalability and flexibility and can accommodate a variety of upgrades and contributions. With its exceptional combination of experimental configuration, technical capabilities, and potential for transformative discoveries, LBNE promises to be a vital facility for the field of particle physics worldwide, providing physicists from around the globe with opportunities to collaborate in a twenty to thirty year program of exciting science. In this document we provide a comprehensive overview of LBNE's scientific objectives, its place in the landscape of neutrino physics worldwide, the technologies it will incorporate and the capabilities it will possess.Comment: Major update of previous version. This is the reference document for LBNE science program and current status. Chapters 1, 3, and 9 provide a comprehensive overview of LBNE's scientific objectives, its place in the landscape of neutrino physics worldwide, the technologies it will incorporate and the capabilities it will possess. 288 pages, 116 figure

An efficient computational framework for hydrofoil characterisation and tidal turbine design

Blade element momentum (BEM) modelling offers a computationally inexpensive means of analysing turbine performance. Lift and drag coefficient data-sets specific to the operating conditions of the turbine must be input into a BEM model. However, such data is not typically available over the wide range of Reynolds number (Re) and angle of attack (a) encountered by vertical axis turbines. This paper presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach, based on transitional flow turbulence modelling, to determine lift and drag coefficients for a symmetric hydrofoil. Results are validated against published experimental data for a wide range of a and Re. It is demonstrated that BEM models provide improved predictions of vertical axis turbine performance when CFD generated lift and drag coefficients are used as input, rather than coefficients generated by the widely used panel-method. The combined CFD-based BEM methodology achieves a similar level of accuracy to a full CFD turbine model while providing a significant reduction in computational cost. The modelling approach and hydrofoil data-set developed in this study can be directly utilised for the design and optimisation of next-generation non-straight bladed vertical axis turbine designs which operate over a wide range of a and Re.This research is funded by Science Foundation Ireland under Grant Number SFI/12/RC/2302 and also by Bernard McGuire and Bobby Willis of Bri Toinne Teoranta. The authors wish to acknowledge the DJEI/DES/SFI/HEA Irish Centre for High-End Computing (ICHEC) for the provision of computational facilities and support.peer-reviewed2020-11-1

An efficient computational framework for hydrofoil characterisation and tidal turbine design

Blade element momentum (BEM) modelling offers a computationally inexpensive means of analysing turbine performance. Lift and drag coefficient data-sets specific to the operating conditions of the turbine must be input into a BEM model. However, such data is not typically available over the wide range of Reynolds number (Re) and angle of attack (a) encountered by vertical axis turbines. This paper presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach, based on transitional flow turbulence modelling, to determine lift and drag coefficients for a symmetric hydrofoil. Results are validated against published experimental data for a wide range of a and Re. It is demonstrated that BEM models provide improved predictions of vertical axis turbine performance when CFD generated lift and drag coefficients are used as input, rather than coefficients generated by the widely used panel-method. The combined CFD-based BEM methodology achieves a similar level of accuracy to a full CFD turbine model while providing a significant reduction in computational cost. The modelling approach and hydrofoil data-set developed in this study can be directly utilised for the design and optimisation of next-generation non-straight bladed vertical axis turbine designs which operate over a wide range of a and Re.This research is funded by Science Foundation Ireland under Grant Number SFI/12/RC/2302 and also by Bernard McGuire and Bobby Willis of Bri Toinne Teoranta. The authors wish to acknowledge the DJEI/DES/SFI/HEA Irish Centre for High-End Computing (ICHEC) for the provision of computational facilities and support.2020-11-1

An efficient computational framework for hydrofoil characterisation and tidal turbine design

Blade element momentum (BEM) modelling offers a computationally inexpensive means of analysing turbine performance. Lift and drag coefficient data-sets specific to the operating conditions of the turbine must be input into a BEM model. However, such data is not typically available over the wide range of Reynolds number (Re) and angle of attack (a) encountered by vertical axis turbines. This paper presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach, based on transitional flow turbulence modelling, to determine lift and drag coefficients for a symmetric hydrofoil. Results are validated against published experimental data for a wide range of a and Re. It is demonstrated that BEM models provide improved predictions of vertical axis turbine performance when CFD generated lift and drag coefficients are used as input, rather than coefficients generated by the widely used panel-method. The combined CFD-based BEM methodology achieves a similar level of accuracy to a full CFD turbine model while providing a significant reduction in computational cost. The modelling approach and hydrofoil data-set developed in this study can be directly utilised for the design and optimisation of next-generation non-straight bladed vertical axis turbine designs which operate over a wide range of a and Re.This research is funded by Science Foundation Ireland under Grant Number SFI/12/RC/2302 and also by Bernard McGuire and Bobby Willis of Bri Toinne Teoranta. The authors wish to acknowledge the DJEI/DES/SFI/HEA Irish Centre for High-End Computing (ICHEC) for the provision of computational facilities and support.peer-reviewed2020-11-1

Keratolysis Associated with Methamphetamine Use – Incidental Diagnosis of Corneal Melt in a Patient with Acute Methamphetamine Intoxication

Case Presentation: A 38-year-old male presented to the emergency department with methamphetamine-induced agitation. Physical exam showed clouding of the left cornea, with gelatinous appearance and associated conjunctivitis, consistent with corneal melt, or keratolysis.Discussion: Keratolysis is dissolution of the corneal stroma that can lead to corneal ulceration and vision loss. Smoking stimulants has been shown to be associated with this pattern of ocular injury, although this is a relatively rare presentation. Acute keratolysis is a unique complication of methamphetamine preparation and ingestion via smoking that can lead to corneal ulceration and loss of vision

Keratolysis Associated with Methamphetamine Use – Incidental Diagnosis of Corneal Melt in a Patient with Acute Methamphetamine Intoxication

Case Presentation: A 38-year-old male presented to the emergency department with methamphetamine-induced agitation. Physical exam showed clouding of the left cornea, with gelatinous appearance and associated conjunctivitis, consistent with corneal melt, or keratolysis.Discussion: Keratolysis is dissolution of the corneal stroma that can lead to corneal ulceration and vision loss. Smoking stimulants has been shown to be associated with this pattern of ocular injury, although this is a relatively rare presentation. Acute keratolysis is a unique complication of methamphetamine preparation and ingestion via smoking that can lead to corneal ulceration and loss of vision

A Spaceborne Design and Airborne Demonstration of Digitally-Beamformed Antennas for SweepSAR Imaging

No abstract availabl